《**＊****＊学院网站》英译的实践报告
A Report on the C—E Translation of the Website of College of *＊＊*＊*
CONTENTS
1. Introduction
With the increased internatinal academic exchange and reseach communication between universities home and broad， it is indispensible for universities to be equipped with English websites, publicity albums and video clips。 English website， with its diversification of forms， massive amounts of information and easy accsess， plays an important role in intenational exchange and communication。 This report is based on the project of website translation for*＊＊*＊＊＊。
The author of this report was fortunate to participate in the translation project as a translator. Through a detailed anaysis of the project procedure and cases studies of the translation， the report will focus on the two aspects of issues. Firstly， how to get an accurate and appropriate translation by adopting Skopostheorie as the tanslation theory。 Secondly， how to use parallel texts to solve the problems relate to terminology, language style， figure of speech and cultural factors .
2. Project Description
This project of translation was authorized by College of Technology and Engineering， and undertaken by the faculty of English as a teaching program。 The author of this report, together with other three team members accepted the project in September, 2014。 The college supplied the manuscripts of the Chinese website and appointed a teacher in the Publicity Department for consulting in case of meeting problems relate to Chinese version during the process of translation. After a discussion in-depth with the Publicity Department, the team got a clear and definite orientation on what and what will not be translated. The task would be composed of 2 phases. The first phase includes five main parts—-—- About the College, Faculties， Departments and Majors, International Exchange and Latest News (news from January to August， 2014）. The second phase mainly includes the update of the information and news items。 So far， the first phase of the project has been carrying out and will be completed by November, 2014。 The author of this paper is in charge of translating “About the College， Faculties， Departments and Majors， International Exchange” as her assigned task, which covers about 11,330 Chinese words.
3. Literary Features Analysis
A good knowledge of literary features of college website plays a dominant role in achieving the goal of getting a good translation。 According to the analysis of the texts functions， language style，
3。1 Text Functions
“Text functions are defined as effects given by the text in specific communicative context” (Fan Yong）。 The first and most important obvious function of college English Website is to provide the readers
necessary information， such as the history， the staff and faculties, the disciplines and majors， college facilities and international cooperation and exchange。 Besides, the English Website also has the functions of appealing and aspiring more students to enroll by publicity and promoting its own image。 To conclude, the English website is built to provide necessary information for the target readers， the source texts should be translated and edited to mainly fulfill the informative function.
3.2 Language Style
Lexically， the source text is very Concise and rich in information with a lot of highly condensed, peculiar vocabulary， such as “多学科、教学型、应用性、有特色” , ，and many terminologies relate to disciplines, organizations。 Syntactically， scattered short sentences， parallelism sentences and non subject sentences are common and typical sentence pattern and unique language phenomenon in the source texts. Undoubtedly， these features of the source texts make it more difficult to get an accurate translation.
4. Translation Preparation
Since both the college and the translation team attached great importance to the program， the Program Proposal made clear the responsibilities and duties of both parties, which include the job requirements， expectations to the project team and the continuing supporting from the college。 Similar to any translation project， the translating of website also contains three main parts—Pre—translating, While-translating and Post—translating. In order to have a smooth procedure, it is indispensable for the team to do plenty of preparations in Pre-translation part. The preparations mainly focus on making a plan about the whole project, which includes the staffing, the translation procedure as well as analysis of the website manuscripts and the strategies applied in this project.
4。1Translation Planning
A general plan of the project staffing, procedure will be made in this part. As illustrated in Figure 1, the project team was composed of four members. The author works as translator and takes the whole charge of the project. The consultant is responsible for any problem relates to the Chinese manuscript。 Any deletion or addition to the English translation should be fully discussed with and permitted by the consultant。 The Proofreader is a professional translator who is responsible for proofreading of the drafts and supervision of the whole project.
Figure 1 Staffing
Staff Translator No。 1 （author) Translator No. 2 Consultant The Tasks and Responsibilities Project management, Pre—translating analysis， tanslating the assisgned parts， Compleletion Report Pre—translating analysis, tanslating the assisgned parts Consulting， Typesetting and uploading the final draft Proofreader Proofreading and Supervision As illustrated in Figure 2, the project will last for 2 months。 During the process， the whole team will hold formal team meeting at least twice,one before the project for discussing， one after for conclusion. The allocation of tasks， responsibilties and the strategies apllied to the translation would also be fully discussed during the meeting。 After the meeting， the tanslators will begin their work with fully comprehension of the source texts， searching for the relative parallel texts, making Glossaries, and then the first daft， second draft and final draft。 The Consultant would be in his position for any consultation at the same time。 The profreader will work diligently to profread the drafts at least twice.
Period 1st Period Time Sep 15 to Sep 17 Sep 18 to Otc 15 Staff Whole team Translators and Consultant Working Contents Team conference First draft of their assigned tasks Otc 15 to Otc 25 2nd Period 3rd Period Otc 26 to Otc 31 Nov 1 to Nov 5 Nov 6 to Nov 10 Nov 12 Proofreader Translators Proofreader Translators Whole team Proofreading of the first drafts Second draft of their assigned tasks Proofreading of the second drafts Final drafts Team conference Figure 2 Time Planning
4。2 Translating Strategies Adopted
The German linguist and translation scholar Katharina Reiss reasrched the features and relative translating strategies of different type of texts in the “Functional Characteristic of text types and links to translation methods (adapted from Reiss 1971)”。 She divided texts in to three types: “information text”, “expressive text” and “operative text”. And Reiss pointed out that although there may be different functions of each text， but the determining factor for a translation is “whether the translation transmits the meaning of the source texts”. “Information text” refers to “those texts focusing on its content and with a main function of exchanging information， knowledge and opinions”。 According to those theories on translation, we can find the source texts of this project, has the features of “information text”， and “operative text”. So Scopes Theory and Text Typology will be adopted in this project to guide the whole process of translation。
4.3 Contingency Plan
Before starting translation， the College of Technology and Engineering assumed the whole team members are qualified and able to complete the project under the timetable。 Given any emergency would happen during the process, such as health conditions， change of workload or unexpected situations of the team members may influence the planned procedures。 Thus， the project team made a contingency plan to make sure the project will be accomplished punctually. The plan mainly contains two aspects。 Firstly, each team member should try his or her best to fulfill his or her duty, but in the event of any emergency， some
spare time is needed to be reserved. Secondly， once any member of the team could not continue the work， she or he should try to make a notice in advance. The work he or she left would be given to the other backup teachers in the Faculty of English。 Any disputes caused by emergencies should be solved and remedied under the permission of the college.
5. Translating Process
The project team established a specific translation process after discussion, which includes task assignment， translation, proofreading， editing， delivery and backup。 During translation, the team used personal computers, online dictionaries， search engine and other tools to help making glossaries and parallel texts。
5。1 The Glossary
As the project is translation of the college website, it has a lot of vocabularies relating to majors, faculties， disciplines. The project team made full use of Internet resources, dictionaries and parallel texts to get authoritative and convincing Glossaries.
5.2 The Implementation of the Translation
According to the project proposal， the whole translation project will last for 3 months. Because the author will compose her report on the basis of the translation， the task of the author would be completed in advance. So far, the author has finished the analysis of the text feature of the source texts， adopted proper translating theory as guidance， the first part of the Glossary and almost half of the translation。 The rest part of translation will be completed ahead of time。
6。 Quality Control
Similar to other translation project, effective quality control system plays a dominant role in acquiring a sound translation. The quality control system of this project is composed of two parts. Firstly, group discussion and parallel texts assured a convincing glossary, which is the most basic part of the translation. Before we translate the assigned part， we put all the uncertain terms and expressions together and began to look up them in dictionaries and search engines respectively。 Then we share and discuss them until get a satisfied one。 Secondly, proofreading and editing is another important part. The translators were required to proofread their own translation first to avoid misspelling and obvious incorrectness。 Then the professional proofreader would read through the translation at least twice to do further proofreading and editing.
7. Case Study
7.1 Deletion and Simplification of the Unnecessary Information 7。2 Combination the Scattered, Short Sentences 7。3 Splitting the Long and Complicated Sentences 7。4 Utilization of the Parallel Texts 8. Reflections and Conclusion
Taking the Chinese to English translation of the website of College of Technology and Engineering， the author of this report begins with an analysis on the features of source texts。 Since the source texts have obvious features of informative texts， the author adopted Scopes Theory and Text Typology to guide the translation。 The project was accomplished punctually under the detailed staffing， time plan。 In the most important part of this report section, case study， the author analyzed three kinds of problems encountered in translating and tried to supply solutions by using deletion and simplification of the unnecessary information, combination, splitting and utilization of the parallel texts。 Then the author will conclude the pains and gains in the whole translating process, which is expected to give some referential value in translating Independent College websites.
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