特殊疑问句作宾语从句的结构

什么是特殊疑问句？

特殊疑问句是一种用来询问具体信息的疑问句，通常以疑问词开头，如who, what, where, when, why, how等。例如：

Who are you?What are you doing?Where are you going?When will you come back?Why are you so happy?How do you know that?

什么是宾语从句？

宾语从句是一种充当主句谓语动词或介词的宾语的从句，通常由连词that, if, whether等引导，或者由疑问词或疑问代词引导。例如：

I know that he is a teacher. （that引导的宾语从句）I wonder if he likes me. （if引导的宾语从句）

I don't know whether he will come or not. （whether引导的宾语从句）I want to know who he is. （who引导的宾语从句）

I don't understand what he means. （what引导的宾语从句）

特殊疑问句作宾语从句的结构

当特殊疑问句作为宾语从句时，其结构有以下几个特点：

1. 特殊疑问词在从句中充当一个成分，如主语、宾语、定语、状语等，不能省略。例如：

I don't know who he is. （who在从句中作主语）

I want to know what he is doing. （what在从句中作宾语）

I can't remember which book he borrowed. （which在从句中作定语）I wonder how he got here. （how在从句中作状语）

2. 特殊疑问词后面跟的是陈述语序，而不是一般疑问句的倒装语序。例如：

I don't know who he is. （正确）I don't know who is he. （错误）

I want to know what he is doing. （正确）I want to know what is he doing. （错误）

3. 特殊疑问词后面的动词要根据从句的主语进行人称和数的一致变化，而不是根据主句的主语。例如：

I don't know where he lives. （正确）I don't know where they live. （正确）I don't know where they lives. （错误）

4. 特殊疑问词后面的动词要根据主句的时态进行时态的一致变化，即如果主句是一般现在时，从句也要用一般现在时；如果主句是一般过去时，从句也要用一般过去时。例如：

I know where he lives. （正确）I knew where he lived. （正确）I knew where he lives. （错误）

5. 如果特殊疑问词后面跟的是be动词，那么be动词要根据从句的主语进行人称和数的一致变化，而不是根据特殊疑问词。例如：

I don't know who he is. （正确）I don't know who they are. （正确）I don't know who they is. （错误）

6. 如果特殊疑问词后面跟的是have或has，那么have或has要根据从句的主语进行人称和数的一致变化，而不是根据特殊疑问词。例如：

I don't know what he has. （正确）I don't know what they have. （正确）I don't know what they has. （错误）

特殊疑问句作宾语从句的用法

特殊疑问句作宾语从句的用法有以下几种：1. 用于直接引语，表示说话人的原话。例如：

He asked me, \"Where are you from?\" （直接引语）He asked me where I was from. （间接引语）

2. 用于间接引语，表示说话人的意思，但不是原话。例如：

He asked me where I was from. （间接引语）He wanted to know where I came from. （间接引语）

3. 用于表示不知道、想知道、想弄清楚等意思的动词后面，如don't know, wonder, find out等。例如：

I don't know who he is.I wonder how he got here.I want to find out what he means.

4. 用于表示建议、命令、请求等意思的动词后面，如suggest, order, ask等。例如：

He suggested where we should go.He ordered what we should do.He asked how we could help him.

特殊疑问句作宾语从句的注意事项

特殊疑问句作宾语从句时，还要注意以下几个问题：

1. 如果特殊疑问词是how，那么要根据从句的意思选择合适的形容词或副词来修饰how，如how many, howmuch, how often, how long, how far等。例如：

I don't know how many people are coming.I want to know how often he exercises.I wonder how far it is from here.

2. 如果特殊疑问词是what，那么要根据从句的意思选择合适的名词来修饰what，如what time, what day, whatcolor, what kind等。例如：

I don't know what time it is.I want to know what day it is today.I wonder what color he likes.

3. 如果特殊疑问词是which，那么要根据从句的意思选择合适的名词或代词来修饰which，如which one, whichbook, which way等。例如：

I don't know which one he wants.I want to know which book he borrowed.I wonder which way he went.

4. 如果特殊疑问词是whose，那么要根据从句的意思选择合适的名词来修饰whose，如whose name, whosecar, whose house等。例如：

I don't know whose name is on the list.I want to know whose car he drove.I wonder whose house he lives in.

综上所述，特殊疑问句作宾语从句是一种常见的英语句型，其结构和用法都有一定的规律和特点。掌握了这些规律和特点，就可以更好地理解和运用这种句型。