Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.
Innovation, the elixir（灵丹妙药）of progress, has always cost people their jobs. In the Industrial Revolution hand weavers were 36 aside by the mechanical loom. Over the past 30 years the digital revolution has 37 many of the mid-skill jobs that supported 20th-century middle-class life. Typists, ticket agents, bank tellers and many production-line jobs have been dispensed with, just as the weavers were.
For those who believe that technological progress has made the world a better place, such disruption is a natural part of rising 38 . Although innovation kills some jobs, it creates new and better ones, as a more 39 society becomes richer and its wealthier inhabitants demand more goods and services. A hundred years ago one in three American workers was 40 on a farm. Today less than 2% of them produce far more food. The millions freed from the land were not rendered 41 , but found better-paid work as the economy grew more sophisticated. Today the pool of secretaries has 42 , but there are ever more computer programmers and web designers. Optimism remains the right starting-point, but for workers the dislocating effects of technology may make themselves evident faster than its 43 . Even if new jobs and wonderful products emerge, in the short term income gaps will widen, causing huge social dislocation and perhaps even changing politics. Technology’s 44 will feel like a tornado（旋风）, hitting the rich world first, but 45 sweeping through poorer countries too. No government is prepared for it. A) benefits B) displaced C) employed D) eventually E) impact F) jobless G) primarily H) productive I) prosperity J) responsive K) rhythm L) sentiments M) shrunk N) swept
O) withdrawn
Part III Reading Comprehension
题源揭秘 本文选自《经济学人》2014年1月18日刊载的一篇题为Technology and Jobs
Coming to an Office Near You的文章。本文主要探讨了创新和技术进步对人们的工作的影响。科技创新是近年来六级考试的热门话题，考生应高度重视。 文章大意 文章阐述了创新给人们的工作带来的变化。创新推动了技术进步，从而使很多传统的工作被新的工作所取代。技术引起的混乱效应要比其带来的益处更容易显现出来，它最终会影响整个世界。 全文翻译 创新这一进步的灵丹妙药总是让人们丢掉工作。在工业革命中，手工织布工被机械织布机（36）抛到一边。在过去的30年里，数字革命已经（37）取代了很多需要中等技术的工作，这些工作维持着20世纪中产阶级的生活。打字员、票务员、银行出纳员以及很多生产线工作职位已经不再被需要，正如那些织布工一样。 对于那些认为技术进步使世界变成了一个更好的地方的人来说，这种混乱是日益（38）繁荣的一个自然部分。尽管创新毁掉了一些工作，但是它创造了新的、更好的工作，因为一个更（39）高效的社会变得更富裕，而且它的较富有的居民需要更多的商品和服务。100年前，三分之一的美国工人（40）受雇于农场。如今他们当中不到2%的人生产出多得多的食物。数百万从土地上被解放出来的美国工人并没有处于（41）失业的状态，而是找到了薪酬更高的工作，因为经济变得更发达。如今秘书备用人员已经（42）减少，但是计算机程序员和网页设计师却比以往任何时候都多。 乐观主义仍然是正确的起点，但是对工人们来说，技术引起的混乱效应或许会比它的（43）益处显现出来得快。即使新的工作和奇妙的产品出现，短期内收入差距将扩大，引起严重的社会混乱，或许甚至改变政治局势。技术的（44）巨大影响将会像一阵旋风，首先对富裕的国家产生影响，但是（45）最后也会席卷较贫穷的国家。没有政府对其有所准备。 词性分析 A) benefits n.-s优势，益处，成效 B) displaced v.-ed取代，替代 C) employed v.-ed雇用 D) eventually ad.最后，终于 E) impact n.巨大影响，强大作用 F) jobless a.无工作的，失业的 G) primarily ad.主要地，根本地 H) productive a.生产的，（尤指）多产的 I) prosperity n.兴旺，繁荣，成功 J) responsive a.反应敏捷的；热情的（~ to） K) rhythm n.节奏，韵律；规律 L) sentiments n.-s（基于情感的）观点；伤感 M) shrunk v.-ed缩小；减少 N) swept v.-ed打扫；清除；席卷，横扫 O) withdrawn v.-ed（使）撤回；停止供给 高频词汇 cost v.使丧失，使损失 dispense with sb./sth. 摈弃，不再需要，不再用 disruption n.干扰，混乱 free v.解放，使摆脱 render v.使成为，使处于某状态 pool of sth. （统称）备用人员 emerge v.出现，浮现 原文再现
Innovation, the elixir（灵丹妙药）of progress, has always cost people their jobs. In the Industrial Revolution hand weavers were (36)swept aside by the mechanical loom. Over the past 30 years the digital revolution has (37)displaced many of the mid-skill jobs that supported 20th-century middle-class life. Typists, ticket agents, bank tellers and many production-line jobs have been dispensed with, just as the weavers were.
For those who believe that technological progress has made the world a better place, such disruption is a natural part of rising (38)prosperity. Although innovation kills some jobs, it creates new and better ones, as a more (39)productive society becomes richer and its wealthier inhabitants demand more goods and services. A hundred years ago one in three American workers was (40)employed on a farm. Today less than 2% of them produce far more food. The millions freed from the land were not rendered (41)jobless, but found better-paid work as the economy grew more sophisticated. Today the pool of secretaries has (42)shrunk, but there are ever more computer programmers and web designers.
Optimism remains the right starting-point, but for workers the dislocating effects of technology may make themselves evident faster than its (43)benefits. Even if new jobs and wonderful products emerge, in the short term income gaps will widen, causing huge social dislocation and perhaps even changing politics. Technology’s (44)impact will feel like a tornado（旋风）, hitting the rich world first, but (45)eventually sweeping through poorer countries too. No government is prepared for it. 答案详解
36. N) [解析]由空格前的were和空格后的aside by可知，空格处需要填动词的过去分词形式。空格所在句意为“在工业革命中，手工织布工被机械织布机 一边。”sweep sb. /sth. aside为固定搭配，意为“对……置之不理”。
37. B) [解析]通过分析句意可知，空格前的has为助动词，因此空格处需要填动词的过去分词形式，与has一起作主句的谓语。空格所在句意为“在过去的30年里，数字革命已经 很多需要中等技术的工作，这些工作维持着20世纪中产阶级的生活。”根据句意，displaced“取代，替代”意思最合适。
38. I) [解析]由空格前的a natural part of rising和空格后的句点可知，空格处需要填名词。空格所在句意为“对于那些认为技术进步使世界变成了一个更好的地方的人来说，这种混乱是日益 的一个自然部分。”根据句意，prosperity“兴旺，繁荣，成功”意思最合适。 39. H) [解析]由空格前的more和空格后的society可知，空格处需要填形容词。空格所在句意为“尽管创新毁掉了一些工作，但是它创造了新的、更好的工作，因为一个更 社会变得更富裕，而且它的较富有的居民需要更多的商品和服务。”根据句意，productive“生产的，（尤指）多产的”意思最合适。
40. C) [解析]由空格前的was和空格后的on a farm可知，空格处需要填动词的分词形式，与was一起作句子的谓语。空格所在句意为“100年前，三分之一的美国工人 农场。”根据句意，employed“雇用”意思最合适。
41. F) [解析]本题考查render sb.+adj.这一用法的被动语态。空格所在句意为“数百万从土地上被解放出来的美国工人并没有处于 状态，而是找到了薪酬更高的工作，因为经济变得更发达。”根据句意，jobless“无工作的，失业的”意思最合适。
42. M) [解析]通过分析句意可知，空格前的has为助动词，因此空格处需要填动词的过去分词形式。且空格后面的but表示转折，可知空格处填入的词意思应与ever more相反。空格所在句意为“如今秘书备用人员已经 ，但是计算机程序员和网页设计师却比以往任何时
候都多。”根据句意，shrunk“缩小；减少”意思最合适。
43. A) [解析]由空格前的its和空格后的句点可知，空格处需要填名词。空格所在句意为“乐观仍主义然是正确的起点，但是对工人们来说，技术引起的混乱效应或许会比它的 显现出来得快。”根据句意，benefits“优势，益处，成效”意思最合适。 44. E) [解析]由空格前的technology’s和空格后的助动词will可知，空格处需要填名词。空格所在句意为“技术的 将会像一阵旋风，首先对富裕的国家产生影响……”。根据句意，impact“巨大影响，强大作用”意思最合适。
45. D) [解析]空格所在句不缺少主干成分，空格前面的but连接的是hitting…和sweeping…这两个现在分词短语，可知空格处需要填一个与first相呼应的副词。空格所在句意为“……但是 也会席卷较贫穷的国家。”根据句意，eventually“最后，终于”意思最合适。
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容