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初中英语知识点:一般过去时

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初中英语知识点:⼀般过去时  ⼀般过去时:  表⽰过去某个时间⾥发⽣的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、⾏为;过去主语所具备的能⼒和性格。  基本结构:  主语+动词过去式+其他;  否定形式①was/were+not;②在⾏为动词前加didn't,同时还原⾏为动词;  ⼀般疑问句Did+主语+do+其他。  ⼀般过去时句法结构:  肯定形式  主语+动词过去式+其他  例句:She often came to help us in those days.  否定形式  ①was/were+not;②在⾏为动词前加didn't,同时还原⾏为动词  例句:I didn't know you like coffee  ⼀般疑问句  ①Did+主语+do+其他? ②Was\\Were+主语+表语?  例句:Did I do that?  ⽤表格整理如下:  记忆⼝诀:  ⼀般过去时并不难,过去动作、状态记⼼间。  动词要⽤过去式,时间状语句末站。  否定句很简单,didn't 站在动原前,其它部分不要变。  ⼀般疑问句也好变,did放在句⼦前,主语、动原、其它部分依次站。  特殊疑问句也简单,疑问词加⼀般疑问句记⼼间。  最后⼀条请注意,动词过去式要牢记!  ⼀般过去时中动词过去式变化规则:  结构句型:  1.⼀般句⼦  I watched TV last night.  2.⼀般疑问句  Did you watch TV last night?  3.there be 句型  There was an apple on the table last night.  Was there an apple on the table last night  ⼀般过去时注意事项:

  1.注意主句与从句中时态的⼀致性

  如果主句⽤了过去时,从句中⼀般也要⽤过去式,或者过去进⾏时、过去完成时等。例如:

  He believed that he was right. 他相信⾃⼰是对的。  I didn’t know you were here. 我不知道你在这⼉。  I thought they were with you. 我以为他们和你在⼀起。

  2.在⼝语中, ⼀般过去时并不⼀定指真正的过去,⽽只是表⽰⼀种礼貌性语⽓。例如:  I wondered (wonder) if you could do me a favor. 不知你可否帮我⼀个忙。  I wanted (want) to ask if I could borrow your car. 我想问问可否借⽤你的车。  I hoped (hope) you could (can) give me some advice. 我希望你能帮我出点主意。  Did (Do) you want to see me? 你想见我吗?  3.used to

  used to 是⼀个词组,表⽰“过去曾经是……⽽现在已经停⽌了”的动作。例如:  I used to work fourteen hours a day. 我过去常常⼀天⼲⼗四个⼩时。(⽽现在不这样了)  I used to take a walk in the morning.我过去是在早晨散步。(⽽现在不在早晨散步了)  ⼀般过去式⽤法:

  (1)⼀般过去时表⽰在过去某个特定时间发⽣,也可以表⽰过去习惯性、经常性的动作。  ⼀般过去时不强调动作对现在的影响,只说明过去的事情。  句式:主语+动词过去式+宾语+其它

  I had a word with Julia this morning.今天早晨,我跟茱莉雅说了⼏句话。

  He smoked many cigarettes a day until he gave up. 他没有戒烟的那阵⼦,抽烟抽得可凶了。

  (2) ⼀般过去时常与表⽰过去的时间状语或从句连⽤,如:

  yesterday,last week ,in the past ,in 1993,at that time,once,during the war,before,a fewdays ago,when 等等.

  (句⼦中谓语动词是⽤⼀般过去时还是⽤现在完成时,取决于动作是否对现在有影响)。  Have you had your lunch? 你吃过午饭了吗?(你现在不饿吗?)  Yes,I have. 是的,我已经吃过了。(已经吃饱了,不想再吃了。)

  When did you have it? 你是什么时候吃的?(关⼼的是吃的动作发⽣在何时。)  I had it about ten minutes ago. 我⼤约是⼗分钟以前吃的。)  Used to do something 表⽰过去常做⽽现在已经停⽌了的习惯动作。  I used to work fourteen hours a day. 我过去常常⼀天⼲⼗四个⼩时。  I ate it at 6:45。我在六点四⼗五分吃了。

  (3)带有确定的过去时间状语时,要⽤过去时。如:

  yesterday(昨天)、two days ago…(两天前…… )、last year…(去年…)、the other

day(前⼏天)、

  once upon a time(很久以前)、 just now(刚才)、in the old days(过去的⽇⼦⾥)、before liberation(解放前…)、

  When I was 8 years old(当我⼋岁时…)、at+⼀个时间点  Did you have a party the other day?前⼏天,你们开了晚会了吗?  Lei Feng was a good soldier.雷锋是个好战⼠。  注:在谈到已死去的⼈的情况时,多⽤过去时。

  (4)表⽰过去连续发⽣的动作时,要⽤过去时。这种情况下,往往没有表⽰过去的时间状语,⽽通过上下⽂来表⽰。

  The boy opened his eyes for a moment,looked at the captain,and then died.  那男孩把眼睛张开了⼀会⼉,看看船长,然后就去世了。

  (5)表⽰过去⼀段时间内经常或反复的动作。常与always,never等连⽤。  Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella.彼得太太过去⽼是带着⼀把伞。  (只是说明她过去的动作,不表明她现在是否常带着伞。)  ⽐较:

  Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella.彼得太太⽼是带着伞。  (说明这是她的习惯,表明她现在仍然还习惯总带着⼀把伞)  Mrs. Peter is always carrying an umbrella.彼得太太 总是带着⼀把伞。  (表⽰说话者对这⼀动作或⾏为厌烦)  I never drank wine.我以前从不喝酒。  (不涉及到现在,不说明现在是否喝酒)

  (6)如果强调已经终⽌的习惯时要⽤ used to do(过去常常做,⽽现在不那样做了)  He used to drink alcohol.他过去喝酒。

  (意味着他现在不喝酒了。喝酒这个动作终⽌了)  I used to take a walk in the morning.我过去是在早晨散步。  (意味着现在不在早晨散步了)  ⽐较:

  I took a walk in the morning.我曾经在早晨散过步。  (只是说明过去这⼀动作)

  (7)有些句⼦,虽然没有表⽰过去确定时间的状语,但实际上是指过去发⽣的动作或存在的状态的话,也要⽤过去时。

  I didn''t know you were in Paris.我不知道你在巴黎。

  (因为在说话时,我已经知道你在巴黎了。这句话指的是说话之前,所以只能⽤过去时表⽰。实际上,这句话暗指:But now I know you are here.)  I thought you were ill.我以为你病了呢。

  (这句话应是在说话之前,我以为你病了。但是现在我知道你没病)  ⼀般过去时三变技巧:

  ⼀变:肯定句变为否定句

  技巧1.当句中含有情态动词或助动词could,would,should等时,可直接在其后⾯加not构成否定句。例如:

  I could get you a concert ticket. → I could not / couldn't get you a concert ticket.  技巧2.当句中含有系动词was,were 时,可直接在其后加not构成否定句。例如:  I was on the Internet when you called me. → I was not / wasn't on the Internet when youcalled me.

  技巧3.当句中谓语是除情态动词、助动词、系动词was, were以外的动词时,在该动词之前加did not / didn't,动词还原,构成否定句。例如:

  The famous singer sang some Chinese songs. → The famous singer did not / didn't singany Chinese songs.

  ⼆变:陈述句变为⼀般疑问句

  技巧1.移动词语的位置。将was,were, could,would,should等移到句⾸。例如:  He could pack his things himself. → Could he pack his things himself?

  技巧2.添加助动词did。谓语是除情态动词、助动词、系动词was, were以外的动词时,在主语之前加did,动词还原。例如:

  Mr Li looked very old. → Did Mr Li look very old?  三变:陈述句变为特殊疑问句

  技巧1.确定疑问词:⼈who / whom,物what,地点where,时间when / what time,原因why,频率how often,长度how long,距离how far等等。例如:  They gave the concert last night. → When did they give the concert?

  技巧2.辨认结构形式:疑问词+情态动词/助动词/ was / were / did +主语+...? 例如:  The accident happened near the station. → Where did the accident happen?

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