情态动词和虚拟语气
考点荟萃：
情态动词主要用来表示说话人的情感、态度等，情态动词在近五年高考中主要考查四点：情态动词表示推测和可能性的用法；情态动词与虚拟语气；情态动词表达“情感、态度、语气等”；情态动词表示 “必要性”等方面的用法。虚拟语气的考点主要集中在名词性从句、条件句中的用法，以及错综条件句中虚拟语气的应用。 考点解读：
情态动词表推测的用法 情态动词 must 意义 语气 句式 语境 例句 may/might(mi可能 可能性较小，肯定句、否定句 ght可能性小尤其might最(可能不) 于may) 不肯定 对 具 疑问句、否定句体 (不可能)、(could事 有时也用于肯定实 句) 的 判 有时 会 should /ought to 肯定句 断 备注 一定 可能性最大 肯定句 ①A：Look，someone is ①对现在的coming. Who can it be? 行为或状态B: It may be our 的推测：headmaster. A: It can‟t must/may/migbe him. He has gone to ht/can/ Shanghai. B: It must be could＋do Mr. Wang. He looks like ②对过去的行为或状态our headmaster. ②That may not be true. 的推测：③He couldn't have must/may/migdiscovered the truth. ht/can/ could done have 可能 can/could (could可能性小于can) 应该 ，①It's 8 o'clock now. He should be in 常表示在一段时间内可能发生的事或理应 the office now. 某人的期望。一般句末有时间状语，②Hi, Mum! I'm on the bus. I should be 或有语境暗示。所表示的猜测发生的可能性很大。 home in about ten minutes. 注意：should (ought to)表示推测是高考考查的重点和难点。如： — When can I come for the photos？I need them tomorrow afternoon. — They ________ be ready by 12：00. A．can B．should C．might D．need 二、情态动词的其他用法 1．can, could, may, might 情态动词 意义 can/could 能力 例句 备注 ①I can see some birds could表示泛指过去的某一能力。表示过去有能力并且成功地做了某事，通常用was/were flying in the sky. ②Could the girl read able to do，相当于managed to do/succeeded in before she went to doing。如：Because he practised hard, he was school? able to pass the driving test.
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can/could 允许(有时Can/May I have a look at your can与could、may与might不表可与mayphotos？ 时态差异，只是语气上的差别，互换) 请求 could/might比can/may更委婉。注意在回答时不能用could/ —Can/Could you lend me a might。 hand？—Yes, I can. may/might 允许或请①You may take this if you like. can与could、may与might不表求 ②May/Might I ask for a photo of 时态差异，只是语气上的差别，your baby？ could/might比can/may更委婉。注意在回答时不能用could/ might。 2.must, should 情态动意义 词 must 必须 例句 备注 ①We must help each other to ①must表示主观意志，have to表overcome the difficulties. ②—Must 示客观。如：They had to speed up, I finish the work today？—No, you for the weather turned terrible. ②needn't/you don't have to./Yes, you Must I/we…？的否定回答不能用must. ③You mustn't take photos mustn't。 here, and it is forbidden. 偏要 硬要 非要 ①Why must you always interrupt 表示与说话人愿望相反及不耐me？ 烦。 ②—Can I borrow your car, Mum？—If you must. ought to 的否定式：ought not to(oughtn't to)；疑问式：Ought …to…？ It is strange that he should react in 表示惊讶、意外等语气。 this way. ①Should anyone phone, tell them I 用于if从句中强调“万一”，或用will call back later. (＝ If anyone 于虚拟语气。 should phone…)②If I should go there tomorrow, I would go to see her. should 应该(常与You should be polite to the old. ought to通用) 竟然 万一 3. need, dare 情态动词 例句 need 注意事项 ①I needn't go at once. ①need可以作实义动词，用于各种句式。如：I need to ②—Need you go at go at once.I don't need to go at once. —Do you need to once？—Yes，I must. go at once？—Yes，I do.②need作情态动词常用于否定、疑问或条件句中。 /No, I needn't.
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dare ①He daren't cross the dare和need一样，既可以作情态动词，也可用作实义river.②How dare you 动词。用作情态动词时，主要用于否定句、疑问句和say that to me？ 条件句。用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式。如：He didn't dare (to) go out alone at night. (在否定句中to有时可省略) 4.shall/will/would 情态动词 意义 shall 例句 备注 用于第一、第三人称疑问句中。 用于第二、第三人表示征询意Shall I help you？ 见。 表示说话人的①You shall do as I say. (命令) 意愿，有“命②You shall have the book tomorrow. (允诺) 称。 令，允诺，警③If you don't get out, I shall knock you down. 告，决心”等意(警告) 思。 4.shall/will/would 情态动词 意义 例句 备注 will/would 表示①I will do everything for you. ② 意愿 None is so blind as those who won't see. 表请Will/ Would you please close the 用于疑问句中。would更委婉 求 window？ 表示①Fish will die without water. ②used to表示与现在的情况相反，表示某种Every time she was in trouble，she “过去如此而现在不再这样”。其后既倾向would turn to him for help. (would可接表动作的动词，也可接表状态的或习指过去某一段时间的情况，常与动词。如：There used to be an apple 惯性表示过去的时间状语连用，意为tree in front of the house. 动作 “总是，总会”，后面只能接动作性的动词。) ①If you don't have a pen, a pencil will do.②We 与否定词连用will/would 表示功能(能，行) tried the door again，but it wouldn't open. 常表示“拒绝”。
表示推测(可①This will be the house you are looking for. 能、大概) ②I would be about ten when my father left home. 情态动词＋have done 情态动词 意义 例句 备注
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must have done；一定(肯定句)；可能You can't/couldn't have met my 对过去的事may/might have done；(肯定句和否定句)；可grandmother. She died before 情的推测 can/could have done 能(疑问句和否定句) you were born. might have done; 本来可能做……而未①He might have given you more 与过去事实couldhave done；would 做；本可以做……而help, even though he was very 相反的虚拟未做；本来会做……busy.②We could have walked 表达 have done 而未做 there, and it was so near. our brother has failed English 表示责备 should/ought to have 本应该做……而未做 Ydone exam again. You ought to have given him more help. needn't have done 本不需要做……但却You needn't have wakened me 做了 up; I don't have to go to work today. 四、虚拟语气 虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。
if从句 主句 虚拟语气在条件句中的用法
与现在事实相反 与过去事实相反 (1) 与将来事实相反 (2) (3
如果明天下雨的话，我就不开车了。_____________________________________________. 如果我及时做的话，日子就好过多了。________________________________________. 注意：
(1) 主句中的should通常用于第一人称，would可用于任何人称。
(2) 条件句中如果动词是be，其过去式所有人称的单复数都可用were；在第一、三人称单数的口语中，可用was代替were。但在if I were you中，不能说成if I was you。
(3) 当条件从句的行为与主句所表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，主从句中动词的形式要根据它所标示的时间作出相应的调整，这就是所谓的“错综条件虚拟语气”。如：
If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now.
如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干得就会容易些了。 If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn't do it much better like this. 如果他不听我的建议，他就不会干得这么好了。
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(4) 在条件句中，如果有were, had, should等，则可省略if，但应注意把were, had, should等提到
从句主语之前。
如：If he were to come, I would join him in the discussion. ＝ _________________________
(5) 有些虚拟条件句没有从句，虚拟条件句是通过上下文或介词短语表示出来的。如： But for air and water, there would be no life on the earth. 要是没有空气和水，地球上就没有生命。(介词短语but for提供了虚拟条件)
With your help, we might finish the plan earlier. 要是有你的帮助，我们就可以早些完成任务。(介词短语with your help充当虚拟条件句) 2． 虚拟语气在wish从句中的用法 I wish 宾语从句 主语＋动词过去式 主语＋had＋过去分词 主语＋would/might＋动词原形 愿望 现在不能实现的愿望 过去不能实现的愿望 将来不能实现的愿望 我希望我是个医生就好了。___________________________________________. I wish that the rain would stop. 我希望雨能停下来。(将来) I wish that he had not made so much fuss about it. 我希望他不要把事情搞大了。(过去)
3． 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用 (1) 在insist；command，order；demand，request，require，desire；advise, propose, suggest，recommend等表示“命令、要求、建议”的动词后接的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如：
He suggests that she (should) leave the house at once.
He proposed that we (should) deal with the problem by the view of development.
(2) 与上述动词相对应的名词suggestion, order, demand , proposal 等后的表语从句、同位语从句中也要使用虚拟语气(should可省略)。如：
我的建议是为这个计划设定一个上交的期限。______________________________________. (3) 在It be suggested (ordered, demanded, proposed, … )that… 结构中，主语从句中也要使用虚拟语气。如：
It's required that every student be on time for school. 要求每个学生准时到校。
(4) 在do you suggest/recommend用在特殊疑问句中作插入语时，句子的动词也使用虚拟语气，即“should＋动词原形”的形式，其中should可以省略。如： What type of computer do you recommend/ suggest we (should) buy? 你建议我们买什么类型的电脑呢？
(5) 在It's＋necessary，essential，important, strange, natural等形容词＋ that从句或It's a pity，a shame等名词＋ that 从句中，谓语动词可以使用should do。如：
It is necessary that the badly wounded man should be treated immediately. 这位重伤员必须马上治疗。
你竟然如此粗心，真是可惜._____________________________________________________. 4． 虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法 在as if/though引导的状语从句中，谓语动词用过去式表示与现在相反的情况；用过去完成式，
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表示与过去相反的情况等。其变化与wish后的宾语从句的变化相同。如： I've loved you as if you were my relative. 我一直爱你仿佛你是我的亲人。 5． 虚拟语气在其他一些句型中的用法
(1) It's high time that-从句中，谓语动词可以使用过去式，也可使用should＋动词原形；表示“早该……了”，其中should不可省略。如： It's high time we got up/should get up. 我们早该起床了。
(2) would rather＋从句中，谓语动词用过去式表示与现在或将来的情况相反；用过去完成式，表示与过去的情况相反。如：
I would rather you came tomorrow. 我宁愿你明天来。 (3) if only…要是……多好啊。如： If only you hadn't offended him. 你当时不惹他就好了。
If only he could come tomorrow. 他明天能来就好了。 (4) 其他一些表示祝愿的句型。如： May you succeed！祝你成功！
Long live the People's Republic of China. 中华人民共和国万岁！ 误区点播：
1. 【误】 The streets are all dry; it mustn't have rained last night.
【正】 2．【误】 I didn't see Mary at the meeting yesterday. She might be ill, I guess. 【正】 3．【误】 He must be very friendly at times. 【正】
4．【误】 I can't find my keys. I may/might forget them on the playground yesterday. 【正】 5．【误】 The fire spread through the hotel quickly, but everyone could get out. 【正】
6． 【误】 Will I open the window for you?
【正】
7． 【误】 The plant is dead. Maybe I should give more water.
【正】
8． 【误】 Hadn't they saved us, we would have been drowned in the stormy river.
【正】 Had they not saved us, we would have been drowned in the stormy river. 【正】
9． 【误】 If only I saw the film yesterday. 【正】 实战演练： 一。单选题
1．—Everyone in my class passed the exam. —Oh，really？It ________ difficult.
A．can't have been B．needn't have been C．must be D．mightn't be 2． [2009·安徽卷] Some people who don't like to talk much are not necessarily shy；they ________ just
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be quiet people. A．must B．may C．should D．would 3． —Why didn't you answer the phone last night?
—I ________ when you called.
A．had to have slept B．had to be sleepingC．must have been sleepingD．must have slept 4． When I lived with my roommates in the university, we ________ often talk into the night. A．might B．must C．should D．would
5． —This is the first time I ________ my first picture with my own hands.
—It is time that you ________ a picture for me.
A．took; took B．have taken; tookC．took; will take D．will take; have taken —I'm not sure, but I guess something________.
A．May；must have B．Can；may haveC．Must；may D．Dare；might have
6． —Why hasn't Jack come back yet？________anything have happened to him?
7．It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it________ be rather cold sometimes. A．must B．can C．should D．would
8． Liza________ well not want to go on the trip—she hates traveling. A．will B．can C．must D．may
9． Look at the floor, Tom！________you watch TV while having a meal?
A．Should B．Could C．Would D．Must
10．The soccer team has been doing well this season，so they ________win the championship. A．should B．might C．would D．must 11．When the ship sailed out from Thailand, the 16 sailors on board ______ that only half of them would return again.
A．will never think B．can never think C．needn't have thought D．couldn't have thought 12．—What does the sign over there read?
—No person ________ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette in this area. A．will B．shall C．may D．must
13．It's hard to believe that such a greedy man________ donate so much to Project Hope.
A．may B．need C．can D．shall
14．For environmental reasons，we ________ as well take these waste products and have them recycled. A．should B．would C．might D．could 15．We ________ here at lunch time; we were delayed at the airport, though. A．could be B．should be C．must have been D．would have been 16．—Jenny took the 8：00 bus to Guangzhou this morning.
—Really？He ________ the 9：00 train. It's much more comfortable and safer to travel by train. A．could have taken B．should take C．must have taken D．can take 链接高考：
17.（09海南）. What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There be twelve A. should B. would C. will D. shall
18.（09安徽，34） But for their help，we ________ the program in time.
A. can not finish B. will not finishC. had not finished D. could not have finished
19.（09浙江，13）The doctor recommended that you swim after eating a large meal. A wouldn't B couldn't C needn't D shouldn't
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20.（09江苏，28） He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he it differently.
A. could express B. would express C. could have expressed D. must have expressed 21．（09辽宁，29） The traffic is heavy this day, I arrive a bit late, so could you save me a place? A. can B. must C. need. D. might 22．（09全国卷I，25）What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There be twelve
A. should B. would C. will D. shall 23．（09全国卷II，20） I can’t leave. She told me that I_______ stay here until she comes back. A. can B. must C. will D. may 24．（09天津，15） This printer is of good quality. If it _______ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.
A. would B. should C. could D. might 25．（09浙江，13）The doctor recommended that you ______ swim after eating a large meal.
A wouldn't B couldn't C needn't D shouldn't 26．（09上海，27） It_____ have been Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car. A. may B. can C. must D. should 27．[2010·四川卷] —________ I take the book out? —I'm afraid not. A．Will B．May C．Must D．Need
28．[2010·安徽卷] Jack described his father，who ________ a brave boy many years ago，as a strong-willed man. A．would be B．would have been C．must be D．must have been 29．[2010·浙江卷] Had I known about this computer program，a huge amount of time and energy________. A．would have been saved B．had been savedC．will be saved D．was saved 30．[2010·湖南卷] You ________ buy a gift，but you can if you want to.
A．must
B．mustn't C．have to
D．don't have to
31．[2010·陕西卷] —May I take this book out of the reading room? —No，you________. You read it in here. A．mightn't B．won't C．needn't D．mustn't 32．[2010·江西卷] I have told you the truth. ________ I keep repeating it?
A．Must B．Can C．May D．Will
33．[2010·江苏卷] —I haven't got the reference book yet，but I'll have a test on the subject next month. —Don't worry. You ________have it by Friday. A．could B．shallC．must D．may 34．[2010·江苏卷] George is going to talk about the geography of his country，but I'd rather he ________ more on its culture. A．focus B．focusedC．would focus D．had focused 35．[2010·全国卷Ⅰ] Just be patient. You ________ expect the world to change so soon.
A．can't B．needn't C．may not D．will not 36．[2010·福建卷] Teachers recommend parents ________ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety. A．not allow B．do not allowC．mustn't allow D．couldn't allow 37．[2010·天津卷] Mark ________ have hurried. After driving at top speed，he arrived half an hour early. A．needn't B．wouldn't C．mustn't D．couldn't 38．[2010·重庆卷] You ________ park here! It's an emergency exit.
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A．wouldn't 39．[2010·北京卷]
B．needn'tC．couldn't D．mustn't
—Good morning. I've got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department. —Ah，good morning. You ________be Mrs. Peters.
A．might B．must C．would D．can
40．[2010·山东卷] I ________ have watched that movie—it'll give me horrible dreams. A．shouldn't B．needn't C．couldn't D．mustn't 41.(2011全国卷,32)They ______ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed. A.will B.can C.must D.should
42.(2011全国卷II,8)If you ______ smoke, please go outside.
A. can B. should C. must D. may
43.（2011北京卷,24）——I don‟t really like James. Why did you invite him? ——Don‟t worry. He ______ come. He said he wasn‟t certain what his plans were.
A. must not B. need not C. would not D. might not
44.（2011北京卷,28）——Where are the children? The dinner‟s going to be completely ruined. ——I wish they ______ always late.
A. weren‟t B. hadn‟t been C. wouldn‟t be D. wouldn‟t have been 45.（2011北京卷,30）Maybe if I ______ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying
46.（2011天津卷,15）I ______ sooner but I didn‟t know that they were waiting for me.
A. had come B. was coming C. would come D. would have come
47.（2011上海春招,27）Some young people these days just ______ go out of their homes to contact the real world. A. mustn‟t B. won‟t C. mightn‟t D. shouldn‟t
48.（2011江苏卷,34）——I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.——How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone ______ it.
A. will have stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen
49.（2011福建卷,25）——Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now? ——I am afraid you ______, in case he comes late for the meeting . A.will B.must C.may D.can
50.（2011福建卷,34）——Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution. ——I ______ it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview. A.attended B.had attended C.would attend D.would have attended
51.（2011安徽卷, 26）——What do you think of store shopping in the future? ——Personally, I think it will exist along with home shopping but _____. A. will never replace B. would never replace C. will never be replaced D. would never be replaced 52.(2011浙江卷,11)——How‟s your new babysitter?
——We ______ ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much.
A. should B.might C. mustn„t D. couldn‟t
53.（2011四川卷,20）The police still haven‟t found the lost child, but they‟re doing all they _____ A.can B.may C.must D.should
54.（2011重庆卷,25）——Why didn‟t you come to Simon‟s party last night?
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—— I wanted to ,but my mom simply ______ not let me out so late at night. A. could B. might C. would D. should
55.（2011陕西卷,22）I _____ through that bitter period without your generous help. A. couldn‟t have gone B. didn‟t go C. wouldn‟t go D. hadn‟t gone 56.（2011陕西卷,24）——Will you read me a story ,Mummy?
——OK. You ______ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible. A. might B. must C. could D. shall
57.（2011湖南卷,28）No one _______ be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball. A. can B. need C. must D. might
58.(2011辽宁卷,21)If you ______ go, at least wait until the storm is over. A. can B. may C. must D. will
59.（2011江西卷23）It _______ be the postman at the door. It‟s only six o‟clock.
A. mustn‟t B.can‟t C.won‟t D.needn‟t
60.（2011江西卷28）We _____ John‟s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury. A.will put B. will have put C. would put D. would have put 二翻译句子
1.要不是有你的帮忙，我不可能及时完成任务。
_____________________________________________________________________________. 2.如果你听从了我的建议，你现在就不会处于尴尬的境地了
______________________________________________________________________________. 3.我们掌握一些语法知识是很有必要的。
_______________________________________________________________________________. 4.他坚持自己是对的 并坚持要求被公平对待。
______________________________________________________________________________. 5.依我看，你应该不遗余力地学习了，而不是把时间浪费在一些无意义的事情上。
____________________________________________________________________________________. 6.她苍白的脸暗示着她病了，因此我们都建议她赶紧去看医生。
____________________________________________________________________________________. 7.我宁愿你昨天没去参加那个聚会。
___________________________________________________________________________________. 8.他提议本周末去郊游。
___________________________________________________________________________________. 9.我要是能年轻10岁就好了。
___________________________________________________________________________________. 10.万一明天下雨，我们就不得不把运动会推迟到下周三。
___________________________________________________________________________________.
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