统计学介绍
统计学以概率论为基础的方法论学科，它在几乎所有的领域里面都具有重要的应用，统计学知识理论就像我们日常使用的电脑一样必不可少，是现代高级人才必备一种素质，在现代社会中没有统计学知识的人就如同一“文盲”.
统计学在人类活动当中举足轻重. 统计学在工业、商业、贸易、物理学、化学、经济学、数学、生物学、植物学、心理学、天文学等等方面都扮演重要的角色, 因此统计学的应用非常广泛，几乎涵盖每一个领域，下面我们来具体看一下它能运用在哪些方面.
1. 统计学将帮助您成为一位成功的商人. 成功的商人必须能够快速准确做出决策. 如果你知道客户需要什么，那么你就知道该生产什么，生产多少. 统计学将能帮助你制定生产计划，同时也能帮助你有效地检验产品质量, 它能让你在关于企业地理位置、产品营销、金融资源等问题上做出正确的决定. 1) Business:
Statistics play an important role in business. A successful businessman must be very quick and accurate in decision making. He knows that what his customers wants, he should therefore, know what to produce and sell and in what quantities. Statistics helps businessman to plan production according to the taste of the costumers, the quality of the products can also be checked more efficiently by using statistical methods. So all the activities of the businessman based on statistical information. He can make correct decision about the location of business, marketing of
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the products, financial resources etc…
2. 如果你想在经济学方面有所发展，那万万是离不开统计学的. 经济学在很大程度上依赖于统计学，国民收入帐户对于经济学家和管理者来说是具有多重目的性的指标，统计学是建立这些帐户的基础. 在经济学的研究中统计学方法被用来收集、分析数据，并作出检验假设. 统计学的方法可以用来研究供求关系，进出口，通货膨胀，人均收入等等问题的研究都离不开统计学.
(2) In Economics:
Statistics play an important role in economics. Economics largely depends upon statistics. National income accounts are multipurpose indicators for the economists and administrators. Statistical methods are used for preparation of these accounts. In economics research statistical methods are used for collecting and analysis the data and testing hypothesis. The relationship between supply and demands is studies by statistical methods, the imports and exports, the inflation rate, the per capita income are the problems which require good knowledge of statistics.
3.如果您想在数学领域有所发展，请务必学好统计学. 统计学与数学密不可分，他们的很多东西都是互通的. 所以想要学好数学也得要学好统计学.
(3) In Mathematics:
Statistical plays a central role in almost all natural and social sciences. The methods of natural sciences
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are most reliable but conclusions draw from them are only probable, because they are based on incomplete evidence. Statistical helps in describing these measurements more precisely. Statistics is branch of applied mathematics. The large number of statistical methods like probability averages, dispersions, estimation etc… is used in mathematics and different techniques of pure mathematics like integration, differentiation and algebra are used in statistics.
4. 如果您将来想入银行业，那么你就离不开统计学. 因为银行在很多的方面必须要用到统计学的方法.
(4) In Banking: Statistics play an important role in banking. The banks make use of statistics for a number of purposes. The banks work on the principle that all the people who deposit their money with the banks do not withdraw it at the same time. The bank earns profits out of these deposits by lending to others on interest. The bankers use statistical approaches based on probability to estimate the numbers of depositors and their claims for a certain day.
5. 如果您将来想成为一名管理人才，那么缺乏统计学知识是简直是不可想象的事情. 许多的国家政策的制定都基于统计数据，统计数据是被广泛用于管理决策.
(5) In State Management (Administration):
Statistics is essential for a country. Different policies of the government are based on statistics. Statistical data are now widely used in taking all administrative decisions. Suppose if the government
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wants to revise the pay scales of employees in view of an increase in the living cost, statistical methods will be used to determine the rise in the cost of living. Preparation of federal and provincial government budgets mainly depends upon statistics because it helps in estimating the expected expenditures and revenue from different sources. So statistics are the eyes of administration of the state.
6. 统计学在会计和审计中运用相当广泛. 想学会计与审计的同学统计学知识是必不可少的.
(6) In Accounting and Auditing:
Accounting is impossible without exactness. But for decision making purpose, so much precision is not essential the decision may be taken on the basis of approximation, know as statistics. The correction of the values of current asserts is made on the basis of the purchasing power of money or the current value of it.
In auditing sampling techniques are commonly used. An auditor determines the sample size of the book to be audited on the basis of error.
7. 统计学在几乎所有的自然科学和社会科学中都不可或缺. 统计方法被广泛用来分析实验结果，检验显著性，比如生物、物理、化学等等.
(7) In Natural and Social Sciences: Statistics plays a vital role in almost all the natural and social sciences. Statistical methods are commonly used for analyzing the experiments results, testing their significance in Biology, Physics, Chemistry,
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Mathematics, Meteorology, Research chambers of commerce, Sociology, Business, Public Administration, Communication and Information Technology etc…
8. 如果您有志成为天文学方面的人才，你得学好统计学才行.
(8) In Astronomy:
Astronomy is one of the oldest branch of statistical study, it deals with the measurement of distance, sizes, masses and densities of heavenly bodies by means of observations. During these measurements errors are unavoidable so most probable measurements are founded by using statistical methods.
Example: This distance of moon from the earth is measured. Since old days the astronomers have been statistical methods like method of least squares for finding the movements of stars.
大学大多数学科将会涉及统计学（下面只是其中一些直接以统计为基础的学科，还有很多专业或学科也是跟统计学相关的）：
Statistics is the mathematical science involving the collection, analysis and interpretation of data. A number of specialties have evolved to apply statistical theory and methods to various disciplines. Certain topics have \"statistical\" in their name but relate to manipulations of probability distributions rather than to statistical analysis.
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（精算）Actuarial science is the discipline that applies mathematical and statistical methods to assess risk in the insurance and finance industries.
（生物统计学）Biostatistics is a branch of （生物）biology that studies biological phenomena and observations by means of statistical analysis, and includes （医学统计）medical statistics. （商业分析）Business analytics is a rapidly developing business process that applies statistical methods to data sets (often very large) to develop new insights and understanding of business performance & opportunities （化学统计学）Chemometrics is the science of relating measurements made on a chemical system or process to the state of the system via application of mathematical or statistical methods.
（人口统计学）Demography is the statistical study of all populations. It can be a very general science that can be applied to any kind of dynamic population, that is, one that changes over time or space.
（计量经济学）Econometrics is a branch of economics that applies statistical methods to the empirical study of economic theories and relationships.
（环境统计学）Environmental statistics is the application of statistical methods to
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environmental science. Weather, climate, air and water quality are included, as are studies of plant and animal populations.
（流行病学）Epidemiology is the study of factors affecting the health and illness of populations, and serves as the foundation and logic of interventions made in the interest of public health and preventive medicine.
（统计地质学）Geostatistics is a branch of geography that deals with the analysis of data from disciplines such as petroleum geology, hydrogeology, hydrology, meteorology, oceanography, geochemistry, geography.
（运筹学）Operations research (or Operational Research) is an interdisciplinary branch of applied mathematics and formal science that uses methods such as mathematical modeling, statistics, and algorithms to arrive at optimal or near optimal solutions to complex problems. （种群生态学）Population ecology is a sub-field of ecology that deals with the dynamics of species populations and how these populations interact with the environment.
（心理测验学）Psychometrics is the theory and technique of educational and psychological measurement of knowledge, abilities, attitudes, and personality traits.
（质量控制）Quality control reviews the factors involved in manufacturing and production; it can
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make use of statistical sampling of product items to aid decisions in process control or in accepting deliveries.
（数理心理学）Quantitative psychology is the science of statistically explaining and changing mental processes and behaviors in humans. （可靠性工程学）Reliability Engineering is the study of the ability of a system or component to perform its required functions under stated conditions for a specified period of time （统计金融）Statistical finance, an area of econophysics, is an empirical attempt to shift finance from its normative roots to a positivist framework using exemplars from statistical physics with an emphasis on emergent or collective properties of financial markets.
（统计力学）Statistical mechanics is the application of probability theory, which includes mathematical tools for dealing with large populations, to the field of mechanics, which is concerned with the motion of particles or objects when subjected to a force.
（统计物理学）Statistical physics is one of the fundamental theories of physics, and uses methods of probability theory in solving physical problems.
（统计热力学）Statistical thermodynamics is the study of the microscopic behaviors of thermodynamic systems using probability theory
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and provides a molecular level interpretation of thermodynamic quantities such as work, heat, free energy, and entropy.
美国大学统计专业排名
1 Stanford University斯坦福大学
2 University of California Berkeley加州大学伯克利分校
3 Harvard University哈佛大学
3 University of Washington华盛顿大学 5 Johns Hopkins University约翰霍普金斯大学 6 The University of Chicago芝加哥大学 9 Carnegie Mellon University卡内基美隆大学 10 Duke University杜克大学
12 North Carolina State University北卡罗来纳州立大学
12 Texas A&M University德州A&M大学
12 University of Michigan Ann Arbor密西根大学-安娜堡分校
12 University of Pennsylvania宾夕法尼亚大学
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17 University of California Berkeley加州大学伯克利分校
17 University of Minnesota Twin Cities明尼苏达大学Twin Cities分校
20 Iowa State University爱荷华州立大学
20 Pennsylvania State University宾夕法尼亚州立大学
22 Columbia University哥伦比亚大学 22 Cornell University康乃尔大学
22 Purdue University,West Lafayette普渡大学西拉法叶校区
22 The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校
27 Ohio State University俄亥俄州立大学
27 University of California Los Angeles加州大学洛杉机分校
27 University of Florida佛罗里达大学
27 University of Wisconsin Madison威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校
31 University of California Davis加州大学戴维斯分校
33 University of Illinois Urbana Champaign伊利诺伊大学厄本那―香槟分校
33 The University of Iowa爱荷华大学
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33 Yale University耶鲁大学
37 Rutgers University New Brunswick罗格斯大学新伯朗士威校区
38 Emory University埃默里大学 38 Rice University莱斯大学
40 Colorado State University科罗拉多州立大学 40 Florida State University佛罗里达州立大学 40 University of Connecticut康涅狄格大学 40 The University of Iowa爱荷华大学 44 Michigan State University密歇根州立大学 45 BOSTON University波士顿大学 45 University of Pittsburgh匹兹堡大学
48 The George Washington University乔治华盛顿大学
48 Northwestern University西北大学
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