考研英语二(阅读)模拟试卷59(题后含答案及解析)

考研英语二（阅读）模拟试卷59 (题后含答案及解析)

全部题型 2. 阅读理解

阅读理解

It was once considered extreme, but cosmetic surgery has become normalised. But is a more perfect self always a happier one? “I think people chase compliments and once we start getting those, we want more,” says Dr Frances Prenna Jones, a London-based cosmetic doctor who counts a plenty of magazine beauty editors and celebrities including Davina McCall and Louise Redknapp as clients. “Most women come to me and their concern is that they look ‘tired’. They might not feel tired on the inside but they want the outside to reflect how they feel. Increasingly, I am using vitamin injections to give a natural, fresh-faced radiant appearance. Volume replacement is popular, too, but you need to take into account the naturally changing proportions of the face. If what you see is markedly different to what you expect, then it jars.” “Over a very short period of time, what is considered normal and required practice in terms of ‘routine maintenance’ has changed dramatically,” says ethicist Professor Heather Widdows at Birmingham University, who is researching her book Perfect Me! “The assumption that a beautiful, more perfect self is a happier, more successful self is deep-rooted in popular discourse and the language used is exceptionally value loaded: we are urged to be ‘the best we can be’ and to strive for our ‘best selves’. We should do this because we’re ‘worth it’—the implication being that if we don’t, we are responsible and blameworthy for ‘letting ourselves go’,” she says. Polly Vernon, author of Hot Feminist, believes that women have the right to choose and take ownership of their appearance. “But I would say that at this point in time women are surrendering to cosmetic surgery because they feel a pressure to,” she says. “When we inject our faces with stuff, that doesn’t come from the same place as putting on a colourful lipstick. We are navigating a new world, where we are much more conscious of our image, and we must own it and delight in it, rather than do things because of social pressure. Appearance should be an extension of who you are, not about trying to be someone you think society wants you to be.” “I do hear women talking about the pressure to look good,” says Susan Harmsworth, founder and chairman of beauty company ESPA, who recently celebrated her 70th birthday and proudly claims she is regularly mistaken for a woman in her 50s—without having done anything other than led a healthy lifestyle with regular facial massages and skincare regime. “I know lots of high-profile, successful, intelligent women who have had work done, especially in the City, in banking and law, because they feel they need to look a certain way in the workplace, but once you start messing with your face, you start to look strange.” Psychologist Ros Taylor, author of Confidence at Work, says: “The availability and accessibility of cosmetic procedures, the lack of stigma about

having work done and the rise in women’s disposable income has meant the gateway is clear for this to become normalised. And it is only going to increase. I feel a little like King Canute seeing this wave coming and being unable to stop it.” [A] holds a relatively negative attitude towards cosmetic surgery. [B] criticises those successful women for having cosmetic surgery. [C] thinks that appearance is not supposed to be decided by society but by oneself. [D] reminds people to consider natural changes of the face before having volume replacement [E] reveals that most women feel tired both physically and mentally. [F] explains that women’s increasing income promotes the normalization of cosmetic surgery. [G] indicates that our concept about routine maintenance has undergone huge changes.

1． Frances Prenna Jones

正确答案：D

解析：Frances Prenna Jones出现在文中的第二段。该段倒数第二句中，Dr．Frances Prenna Jones说到容量置换也很受欢迎，但是你得考虑脸部比例的自然变化。D中的natural changes of the face是原文the naturally changing proportions of the face的转述，volume replacement是原词复现，故确定D为本题的正确答案。 知识模块：阅读理解B节

2． Heather Widdows

正确答案：G

解析：Heather Widdows出现在文中的第三段。该段第一句中，Heather Widdows说：“在很短的时期里，正常的外貌以及日常保养的观念有了很大的变化”，G中的routine maintenance是文中的原词复现，has undergone huge changes与原文的has changed dramatically同义，故确定G为本题答案。 知识模块：阅读理解B节

3． Polly Vernon

正确答案：C

解析：Polly Vernon出现在第四段，在该段中，她表示：“我们正在一个新的世界里摸索，我们更注重形象。必须引以为豪，掌握对外貌的自主权，而不是仅仅屈服于社会压力。外貌是你这个人的延伸部分，而不是社会认为你应该有的形象。”意思就是说，我们的外貌应该由自己决定，而不该由社会来决定，不用由于社会压力而去整容。C表达的正是这个意思，故为本题答案。 知识模块：阅读理解B节

4． Susan Harmsworth

正确答案：A

解析：Susan Harmsworth出现在文中的第五段。该段最后一句中Susan

Harmsworth说到她知道。很多聪明而成功的高层次女性都做过整容，因为她们认为在自己的行业里需要有一种特定的形象。但她认为，一旦给你的面孔动过手脚，你看上去就很怪异了。可见，她对整容的态度是相对否定的，故A为本题答案。 知识模块：阅读理解B节

5． Ros Taylor

正确答案：F

解析：Ros Taylor出现在文中最后一段。该段第一句中，Ros Taylor说到了让整容常态化的一些因素，包括：整容手术的普及、人们对整容没有羞耻感以及女性可支配收入的提高。F中的women’s increasing income对应原文的the rise in women’s disposable income，而normalization是原文normalised的词性转换，cosmetic surgery正是原文该句中this的指代含义，故确定F为本题答案。 知识模块：阅读理解B节

Matthew Breuer has shared the passwords to his computer, email and social media accounts with every girlfriend he’s ever had. “I feel like it’s so much easier to live in a relationship where you know you have nothing to hide and are entirely 100 percent honest about who you are and what you’re doing,” he says. “Times in my life when I’ve realized that something wasn’t working in my relationship coincided with times when I would be worried, ‘Oh, do I really want to say this on Facebook to somebody else?’ It’s such a red flag if there’s something you’re concerned about your partner seeing. That means there’s some fundamental issue with your relationship beyond privacy.” For Jasmine Tobie, a 29-year-old graduate student at the University of Oklahoma in Tulsa, seeing someone else’s misbehaviour via email has saved them from a toxic relationship. After finding some receipts that proved her boyfriend was lying to her about being on a business trip one weekend, she decided to look at his email to be sure before she pulled the plug on the relationship. In most circumstances, psychologists suggest keeping passwords private. “In relationships, we depend on each other for a lot of things, but it’s good and healthy to have some independence too,” says Kelly Campbell, PhD, an Associate Professor of Psychology at California State University. “The more you self-disclose, the happier you are. But the happiest couples have some degree of secrecy and privacy.” Suzy, a 46-year-old mother living in Brooklyn, got into a dangerous situation years ago when her then-boyfriend started reading her emails. She hadn’t given him her password, but one day she forgot to log out and he checked her email. She hadn’t told him that she had created an online dating profile while they were apart. “He went through all my emails, including ones that I had thrown away. He went into every folder. He got really mad and basically attacked me,” she says. “I ended up having to call an ambulance.” Since, she says she’s never even considered sharing passwords with a significant other. “I now have this paranoia where I wouldn’t even share it even if I trusted someone. You never know what’s going to upset someone,” she says. “I don’t know if that makes me less trusting or just wiser.” Still, optimists like Breuer aren’t threatened by such horror stories. “I think sharing passwords honestly ends up

affording you the privacy you want,” Breuer says, pointing to a password manner that has developed between him and his partners in recent years. “Just because you tell somebody your password to things doesn’t mean they actually end up looking through your stuff.” Breuer says he’s never changed his password after a breakup since he’s always trusted and respected those he has dated. But much of the tough negotiating about privacy goes out the door once you have kids. “Sure, a lot of people have found out about their significant other’s indiscretions by looking at the texts on that person’s phone,” says Wiseman. “But once you have children, the constant checking of things with the other person to just get through the day—to get everyone to basketball practice on time—blows all of this privacy stuff out of the water.” [A] holds that independence in relationships has positive effect to some degree. [B] pointed out that refusing to share passwords would create fundamental issue. [C] shows that having children can change people’s attitude toward privacy. [D] thinks that she had better not share passwords even though she trusts someone. [E] told her boyfriend her passwords to strengthen their relationship. [F] intended to end the relationship with her boyfriend after realizing he was lying to her. [G] believes that it is unnecessary to change passwords after a breakup.

6． Jasmine Tobie

正确答案：F

解析：Jasmine Tobie出现在文中第二段。该段第二句讲到，Jasmine Tobie发现一些收据表明她男朋友在某个周末并未出差，而是对她撒了谎时，她决定查一下男朋友的电子邮件确认一下，再结束这段关系。可见，她发现男朋友撒谎时，就打算结束那段关系。F中的end the relationship是对原文pulled the plug on the relationship的同义表述，故确定F为本题答案。 知识模块：阅读理解B节

7． Kelly Campbell

正确答案：A

解析：Kelly Campbell出现在文中第三段。该段第二句中，Kelly Campbell说：“在恋爱关系中，恋人在许多事情上彼此依靠，但是保留一定的独立性是有益的，也是健康的。”A中的independence和in relationships都是文中的原词复现，positive effect是对原文it’s good and healthy的概括，故确定A为本题的正确答案。 知识模块：阅读理解B节

8． Suzy

正确答案：D

解析：Suzy出现在文中的第四段和第五段，解题句在第五段。该段前两句说，在发生被男朋友打那件事之后，Suzy再也不考虑把密码告诉自己的另一半。她还表示，她现在有一种偏执的心理，即使是对信任的人，也不会把密码告诉他们。D中的had better not share passwords正对应了Suzy本人的态度，而even

though she trusts someone是文中even if I trusted someone的同义转述，故确定D为本题答案。 知识模块：阅读理解B节

9． Matthew Breuer

正确答案：G

解析：Matthew Breuer出现在第一段和第六段，解题句在第六段。该段末句提到，Matthew Breuer表示即使分手后他也没有改过自己的密码，因为他一直信任和尊重他曾经的交往对象。也就是说，对Breuer而言，分手后也没必要修改密码。G中的it is unnecessary to…表明了Breuer的态度，change passwords和after a breakup都是文中的原词复现，故确定G为本题答案。 知识模块：阅读理解B节

10． Wiseman

正确答案：C

解析：Wiseman出现在文中最后一段。该段开头说，大多令人紧张的隐私话题会随着孩子们的降生而被抛到九霄云外。末尾引用了Wiseman的话：“一旦你有了孩子，与他人的交流诸如集合所有的人准时练习篮球这样的话题就能将隐私什么的吹得无影无踪。”可以看出，有了孩子会改变人们对隐私的态度，C表达的正是这个意思，故为本题答案。 知识模块：阅读理解B节

With a growing consumer interest in plant-based healthy eating, vegetarian options present a chance for new business and competitive advantage. Jennifer Pardoe, founder of London plant-based food consultancy Zest says businesses are slowly recognising the ‘mega trend’. Recently we have seen brands like Birdseye introduce plant-based meal options and Sainsbury’s create clearer vegetarian product labelling. “With more people becoming plant curious, restaurants and supermarkets are realising they need high quality plant-based food options to satisfy consumer’s demand,” explains Pardoe. This is where plant-based food consultants come in. “Day to day, we can be found helping food producers create and get their products in market, and working with restaurants to create plant-based products that taste great and people want to buy. “As a vegetarian you can live on Coke and crisps if you like, but it’s the job of plant-based food consultants to put more fruit, veggies, grains, legumes, nuts and seed options on the menu.” David Benzaquen, CEO of PlantBased Solutions, a US-based marketing agency, credits the rise of private investors putting millions into food start-ups, and the growing consumer base of “flexitarians” as real drivers for change in the US market. “Consumers being both more aware of big animal agriculture, its impact on the environment and their own health, as well as campaigns such as Meatless Mondays, are key contributing factors to more people trying plant-based foods,” he said. With plant-based cooking on trend, entrepreneurs are seizing the opportunity to create new businesses. One such food developer is Meriel Armitage, founder of vegetarian food pop up, Club Mexicana. After spending seven years living in Melbourne via San Francisco and

New York, Meriel returned to London inspired to create food that vegetarians could love. “The attitude towards plant-based foods in all three cities is very progressive, they’re a couple of years ahead of London in that respect. The vegetarian restaurants were packed because they were creating really exciting food.” Another young plant-based entrepreneur is two-time world freerunning champion, Tim Shieff who has worked with celebrity chef Jamie Oliver to create vegetarian recipes for Oliver’s FoodTube channel. Shieff regularly makes his own YouTube videos promoting healthy vegetarian living and recently showed his 100,000 channel subscribers how to eat vegetarian food in grilled chicken restaurant, Nandos. Shieff claims his vegetarian diet has increased his energy for freerunning training, and indeed more and more people are turning to a plant-based diet. As Pardoe explains, “If you look at all the food retailers competing for the lunchtime eating out market, all the main players are promoting a ‘healthy option’. As plant-based food consultants, we are responsible for helping restaurants design healthy vegetarian products people want to eat regardless of their overall dietary choice.” After the success of Club Mexicana, Armitage has expanded the concept to launch a fine dining version of the pop-up in collaboration with a chef who although isn’t vegetarian, approached her with the idea because he loves cooking with plant-based ingredients. “If this isn’t proof of changing attitudes in the food world, I don’t know what is,” she says. [A] criticizes that businesses are slow in response to the trend of vegetarian food. [B] cooperates with a freerunning champion to design vegetarian recipes. [C] points out that people’s concern with health partly arouses their interest in plant-based food. [D] asserts that his vegetarian diet has a positive effect on freerunning training. [E] explains that some businesses are aware of the need of high quality vegetarian food. [F] suggests that New York precedes London in terms of people’s attitude towards plant-based food. [G] helps a celebrity chef make YouTube videos about healthy living.

11． Jennifer Pardoe

正确答案：E

解析：Jennifer Pardoe出现在第二段、第三段及倒数第二段，解题句在第三段。该段中，Jennifer Pardoe说，“越来越多的人开始对素食产生好奇，餐厅和超市也意识到他们需要提供高质量的素食食品以满足消费者的需求”。E中的aware of、high quality vegetarian food分别与文中的realising、high quality plant-based food options同义，而the need of．．．则是对文中they need…to satisfy consumer’s demand的同义转述，故确定E为本题答案。 知识模块：阅读理解B节

12． David Benzaquen

正确答案：C

解析：David Benzaquen出现在第六段。该段最后一句中，David指出促使越来越多的消费者尝试素食的三个因素，其中一个就是人们关注自身的健康。C中

的concern with health对应原文的aware of its impact on…their own health，而their interest in plant-based food则是对文中more people trying plant-based foods的同义转述，故确定C为答案。 知识模块：阅读理解B节

13． Meriel Armitage

正确答案：F

解析：Meriel Armitage出现在文中的第八段及最后一段，解题句在第八段。该段末尾，Meriel Armitage说：“那三个城市对素食食品的态度都非常前卫，领先了伦敦好几年……”从上一句可知这三座城市分别指Melbourne、San Francisco和New York。F复现了文中原词attitude towards plant-based food、New York和London，而precedes则与文中的are…ahead of同义，故确定F为本题答案。 知识模块：阅读理解B节

14． Jamie Oliver

正确答案：B

解析：Jamie Oliver出现在倒数第三段。该段的第一句说，Tim Shieff与大厨Jamie Oliver一起合作，为Oliver’s FoodTube频道创造素食菜品。B中的cooperates with是原文worked with的同义转述，与Jamie Oliver合作的Tim Shieff就是自由飞跃大赛的冠军(freerunning champion)，而design vegetarian recipes与create vegetarian recipes同义，故确定B为本题的正确答案。 知识模块：阅读理解B节

15． Tim Shieff

正确答案：D

解析：Tim Shieff出现在文中最后两段，解题句在倒数第二段。该段第一句讲到，Shieff称，素食饮食为他在自由飞跃的训练中增加了能量。D中的vegetarian diet和freerunning training是文中的原词复现，has a positive effect是对原文的has increased his energy的概括，故确定D为本题答案。 知识模块：阅读理解B节

Students at the University of Cambridge have started a petition against the university’s tradition of publicly displaying their end-of-year exam results. The petition calls on the university to seek students’ permission before it publicly displays their results. It is gaining momentum. More than 700 students had signed it on Wednesday morning, three days after it was launched. Under the current system, students receive their class marks privately online, before they are published on noticeboards outside Senate House and in university publications. The petition, set up by the student campaign group Our Grade, Our Choice, calls on the university to give students a clear way to opt out of appearing on public class lists. Students who signed the petition are concerned that the public distribution of results ignores students’ welfare and right to privacy. They say that the current practice “promotes a culture of grade shaming”, that those with mental health issues may not want to be

included, and that it could “trigger an episode” in vulnerable individuals. The campaigners also say the system may harm “those who do not wish to be identified by the name the university has on record, particularly within the trans community”. Nadia Ayed, 21, a psychology student at Cambridge who signed the petition, says the practice fosters a competitive attitude towards education. “Many individuals will find it distressing, and it can induce negative psychological effects, such as lower self-esteem, shame and anxiety, which hugely affect wellbe-ing.” Ayed says the system also encourages competitiveness, “with people not wanting to share their notes, and an ‘in it to win it’ attitude among students”. Louis Reynolds, 23, who is studying for an MPhil in sociology at Cambridge, says: “I had my grades published in public last year and found the whole experience both bizarre and outdated. The examiners are not allowed to know our names, so why should the general public? People take photos of the grades and post them all across social media and tag people in them—this is the typical example of grade shaming, irrelevant of the actual marks that somebody received and their thoughts on them.” Helen Hoogewerf-McComb, president of Cambridge University’s student union (CUSU), says: “While the university does have a right to publish examination results without gaining students’ prior consent, it also has a duty to provide an appropriate mechanism for students to opt out, particularly where publication may cause distress or harm.” In the past, Cambridge students’ results would be publicly displayed before they received them privately, but this was changed in 2010. The University of Oxford stopped making exam results public in October 2009 because around 40% of students had previously opted out of having their names published on public exam results lists through the Data Protection Act, according to a university spokeswoman. A spokesman for the University of Cambridge says: “This is an age-old tradition. If any student feels uncomfortable and wants their name to not be published they can ask their senior tutor for exemption.” [A] thinks that publication of students’ exam results has bad psychological effects. [B] points out university’s right and duty about public display of exam results. [C] holds that publicly displaying student’s exam results leads to grade shaming. [D] justifies students’ action to protect their name from public display. [E] suggests that it is university’s duty to publish students’ exam results. [F] sets up the petition requiring an option for students to avoid display of their results. [G] believes that it is necessary to encourage competitiveness in university.

16． Our Grade, Our Choice

正确答案：F

解析：Our Grade，Our Choice出现在第三段。该段说，学生运动组织Our Grade，Our Choice呼吁剑桥大学提供明确方案，让学生可以选择不让自己的成绩出现在学科的公开排名里。F中的…sets up the petition是文中The petition，set up by…的语态转换，requiring an option for students对应原文的calls on…to give students a clear way，而to avoid display of their results则是原文中to opt out of

appearing on public class lists的同义转述，故F为本题答案。 知识模块：阅读理解B节

17． Nadia Ayed

正确答案：A

解析：Nadia Ayed出现在第六段。该段第二句中，Nadia Ayed表示：“很多人会为此感到痛苦，这会引发消极的心理作用，例如缺乏自尊、感到羞耻和焦躁，这些都会严重影响身心健康”。A中的publication of students’exam results即文中it指代的内容，bad psychological effects与原文的negative psychological effects同义，故确定A为本题答案。 知识模块：阅读理解B节

18． Louis Reynolds

正确答案：C

解析：Louis Reynolds出现在文中的第七段。该段末尾直接引用了Louis Reynolds的话：“人们拍下成绩单的照片，全都发布在社交媒体上，还在上面加标签——这是典型的成绩羞辱……”可见，他也认为公布成绩会导致出现“成绩羞辱”这种现象，C正表达了这个意思，故为本题答案。 知识模块：阅读理解B节

19． Helen Hoogewerf-McComb

正确答案：B

解析：Helen Hoogewerf-McComb出现在第八段。该段中Helen Hoogewerf-McComb说：“虽然大学的确有权公开考试成绩，且事先无须征得学生同意，但是大学也有责任提供一种适当的机制，让学生可以选择退出……”这段话指出了在公布成绩这件事上，大学的权利(have a right to…)和义务(has a duty to…)。B中的right和duty均是文中关键词的复现，故确定B为本题答案。 知识模块：阅读理解B节

20． Data Protection Act

正确答案：D

解析：Data Protection Act出现在文中倒数第二段。该段说，牛津大学约有40％的学生事先通过Data Protection Act(数据保护法)选择退出，让自己的名字免于出现在公开的考试成绩单里。可见，Data Protection Act是一个可以帮助学生保护自身信息隐私权的法案，即依据这个法案，学生选择不公开自己考试成绩的行为具有了正当性。D正表达了这个意思，其中protect their nallle from public display是对原文opted out of having their names published on public exam results的同义转述，故确定D为本题答案。 知识模块：阅读理解B节