Unit 1 Past and present
1. change
①v. 改变 You have changed a lot.
②n. 变化（可数）There are many changes in my hometown. 找零（不可数）Here is your change. 2. use
①v. 使用
②n. 用途 be in use = be in service
短语：used to do sth be used to doing sth be used for be used to do（被动） 3. by + 交通工具 = on / in / take + a + 交通工具
如：by bus = take / on a bus by car = in a car by bike = on a bike 4. interview
①v. 采访；会谈 interview sb
②n. 面试；访谈 give an interview to sb have an interview with sb 5. in the northern part of town
east/west/south/north + ern → adj. 6. marry
v. 嫁，娶，与…结婚 marry sb marry sb to sb be/get married to sb n. marriage 7. move
v. 移动 move to搬到 move away搬走 move out of从…搬出 adj. moving 感人的 moved感动的 8. over the years = during the years 9. turn
①v. turn on开 turn off关 turn up调高 turn down调低 turn to sb for help向某人寻求帮助 turn into变成 ②n.依次、轮流 take one’s turn to do sth
n. turning 转弯处 10. put
put into放入 put up举起；张贴 put down放下 put off推迟 put away收好、放好 put on穿上 put out熄灭 11. take action to do sth采取措施做
12. improve the situation改善现状 n. improvement
13. in some ways在某些方面，某种程度上 in the way阻碍 on one’s way to在去…的路上 by the way顺便说一下 14. as often as before和以前一样频繁 15. feel a bit lonely
lonely孤独的；偏僻的 alone单独、独自 a bit = a little“一点儿”（修饰v./adj./adv./比较级） a bit of = a little 修饰n.
not a bit = not at all一点都不许 not a little = very(much) 很、非常
16. from time to time = at times = sometimes有时
▲语法：现在完成时定义、结构（过去分词的构成）
Unit 2 Travelling
1. join / join in / take part in / attend
join 加入党派、团体、社会组织 join the Party/army
join in 和某人一起做某事，常用于口语 join sb in sth join sb in doing sth take part in 参加活动
attend 出席（正式场合的会议）
2. miss 错过；思念 missing (adj.) = gone = lost丢失的、不见的 3. spend/cost/take/pay区别
4. have fun = have a good/great time = enjoy oneself
fun ①n. 乐趣（不可数） ②adj.有趣的 funny滑稽搞笑的 5. through / across / over / past区别 6. hurry to 赶往… hurry up快点
7. run after追赶 run across偶然遇到 run away跑掉 run out of 从…跑出 rush out 冲出 run v. 跑；运转
8. can’t stop doing = can’t help doing 情不自禁做
can’t help to do 不能帮助做 can’t wait to do 迫不及待做 9. 感官动词smell/look/sound/taste
10. do some shopping购物 do some washing/cleaning洗衣、做清洁 11. a couple of 几个、一些 couple 对、夫妇
12. at the end/beginning of in the end/beginning in the end = finally = at last 13. watch/see/look区别
14. in front of/in the front of区别
▲语法：have been to / have gone to / have been in 区别 ； for / since区别
Unit 3 Online tours
1. search for information搜索信息 look for寻找
2. send and receive emails收发邮件 send…to…发送 receive收到 3. at the top of / on the top of on侧重“面”，at侧重“点” →（反义） at the bottom of 4. Asia→Asian Africa→African Europe→European America→American 5. at the southern end of 在…的南端 6. further on再向前，更远处
7. thousands of成千上万的，数以千计的（不确定的数thousand加s） three thousand students（特定的数无s） 8. on New Year’s Eve 在除夕
9. the early / late twentieth century 在二十世纪早/晚期 10. hear of = hear about 听说 hear from收到来信 11. mean
v. mean to do sth打算做 mean doing sth意味着
n. meaning意思 adj. meaningful有意义的 meaningless无意义的 ▲语法：现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
Unit 4 A good read
1. decide to do 决定做 make (a decision) / decisions to do 2. reach vt. 够到，到达 arrive vi.arrive at/in到达 get to到达
3. as far as I know据我所知 as far as和…一样远；剧…所知；尽…可能as far as…possible 4. by the time到…时间
5. be tired out筋疲力尽 be tired of对…感到厌倦
6. fall down跌倒 fall off从…跌落 fall over 被…绊倒 7. on the beach在海滩 8. wake up醒 9. rise/raise区别
rise vi.升起 raise vt. 举起；抚养
10. be tired to 束缚于 be tied with/by被…捆绑 11. move up向前移动
12. look down 向下看 look down upon鄙视 look up向上看 look up to尊敬 13. as + adj. /adv. + as = the same + n. + as 和…一样 14. talk to /with sb about sth和某人谈论某事
15. manage to do 设法做成某事 = succeed in doing ▲语法：特殊疑问词+不定式；must/ have to区别
Unit 5 Good manners
1. be old enough to do sth足够大去做某事
enough放在adj./adv.的后面 ，n.的前面，如enough money be not …enough to do = be too…to do = so…that从句
如：I’m not old enough to go to school. 我太小而不能去上学。 =I’m too young to go to school.
=I’m so young that I can’t go to school. 2. share sth with sb和某人分享某物
3. cut in 打断 interrupt打断 disturb打扰 4. You’re never too old to learn.活到老学到老。 5. drop litter everywhere到处丢垃圾
垃圾：litter rubbish waste everywhere = here and there
6. leave the tap running leave表“使处于…的状态” leave sth + 地点“把某物落在某地” 7. keep / stay quiet / silent 系表结构“保持…”
8. pick flowers 摘花 pick up 捡起；搭便车；偶然学会 9. obey / follow traffic rules 遵守交通规则
10. queue = stand in line排队 jump a queue插队 11. keep the library clean ( V + O + OC )
12. invite sb to sp 邀请某人去某地 invite sb to do sth邀请某人做某事（常考被动） 13. shake one’s hand 挥手
14. for the first time 第一次 at frist 首先
15. greet people with a kiss以亲吻的方式和人打招呼 16. relatives and close friends 亲朋好友 17. avoid doing避免做…
18. weigh v.重达 weight n.重量
19. behave politely 举止礼貌 bravely widely rudely 20. push in before others插队 21. bump into撞到 22. as well = too 也
23. all the time一直、总是
24. loudly / aloud loudly adv. 强调“大声” aloud adv.强调“出声” 25. be helpful to sb对某人有帮助 helpless无助的、没用的 26. just as the saying goes俗话说得好
27. When in Rome, do as the Romans do.入乡随俗 ▲语法：enough to / too …to句型
Unit 6 Sunshine for all
1. volunteer
v. / n.志愿（者） adj.voluntary志愿的
2. some more food更多的食物 数字+ more = another + 数字
3. own on one’s own = by oneself单独、独自 of one’s own某人自己的 4. 提供provide sb sth = provide sth for sb offer sb sth = offer sth to sb 5. show sth to sb 向某人展示某物 6. include v. 包括 including prep. 7. be similar to 和…相似
be familiar to 为…所熟悉 be familiar with对…熟悉
8. give up放弃 give away赠送 give out泄露 give off发出烟、光、热
9. make the event a great success ( V + O + OC) success n. successful adj. succeed v. 10. feel like doing 想要做 = would like to do
11. achieve their dreams 实现梦想 achievement n.成就 ▲语法：It is + adj. ( for / of sb ) + to do sth用法
Unit 7 International charities
1. donate…to… 捐赠… donation n.捐赠物 2. have a big lunch吃大餐
3. basic education基础教育 base n. 基础 educational adj.教育的 4. poor areas 贫困地区 equal rights 平等权利 5. prevent / keep / stop sb from doing 阻止某人做 6. operate
①vt.操作，运转 n. Operator操作工 ②vi.做手术 operate on sb n.手术operation(s) 7. hope to do 希望做 hope sb.+ that从句 / will do 8. can’t afford to do支付不起
9. be proud(adj.) to = take pride(n.) in 骄傲
10. improve their lives改善生活 improvement n. 改善、提高 11. carry on = go on 继续 carry out 执行 ▲语法：一般现在、一般过去时的被动
Unit 8 A green world
1. be serious about = take sth seriously 严肃对待 a serious illness 一个严重的病 2. care about 关心，在乎 care for照顾，喜欢 take care = be careful小心 take care of = look after 照顾 3. present
n. ①礼物 ②现在 at present = at the moment = now v. ①呈现；介绍；颁发 ②n. Presentation 4. live
①adj. 生动活泼的；现场直播的 ②vt. 过…的生活 live a green life ③vi. 居住，生存 live in Nanjing 5. reduce （反义词） increase 6. take shorter showers 洗更短的澡
7. by recycling waste by prep.通过 8. wise wisdom n.明智
9. cause / lead to cause导致（不好的方面） lead to导致（中性词） cause / reason / excuse cause起因、直接原因 the cause of reason解释的理由 the reason for excuse借口 10. be separated into被分成
11. be sold out被卖完 sell well 卖得好
12. allow doing sth 允许做 allow sb to do 允许某人做 13. depend on 依靠
14. produce v.生产 product n.（工业）产品 production n. 产品、作品、产量（抽象名词） producer n.生产商
15. make a difference 有影响、起作用 16. run out of （vt.主动）“用完 ” run out（vi.被动）“被用完” ▲语法：一般将来时的被动 .
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