全新版大学英语综合教程第三册 课后参考答案
Unit 1 Changes in the Way We Live
Part II Text A Mr. Doherty Builds His Dream Life
Text Organization
1.
Part One Paras 1-3 The writer views his life in the country as a self-reliant and satisfying one.
Part Two Paras 4-7 Life in the country is good yet sometimes very hard.
Part Three Paras 8-11 After quitting his job, the writer's income was reduced, but he and his family were able to manage to get by.
Part Four Paras 12-15 A tolerance for solitude and a lot of energy have made it possible for the family to enjoy their life in the country.
2.
Happy Moments and Events Hardships
1)growing nearly all their fruits and vegetables 1)working hard both in winter and in summer
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2)canoeing, picnicking, long bicycle rides, etc. 2)harsh environment and weather condition
3)keeping warm inside the house in winter 3)anxious moments after the writer quit his job
4)writing freelance articles 4)cutting back on daily expenses
5)earning enough money while maintaining a happy family life 5)solitude
Vocabulary
I. 1.1) insurance 2) On balance 3) aside from resist 4) cut back 5) resist
6) haul 7) supplemented 8) sprayed 9) wicked 10) illustrated
11) budget 12) digest 13) boundary 14) get by 15) at that point
2. 1) cut back / down 2) pickup 3) get by 4) get through
5) face up to 6) turn in 7) turning out 8) think up
3. 1) While farming, Benneker pursued his mathematical studies and taught himself astronomy.
2) Misused words often generate misleading thoughts.
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3) Lafayette Hotel is patronized by international celebrities drawn to its French food and service.
4) A person who thinks that money will do everything may well be suspected of doing everything for money.
5) A person surely has to face a good many bitter disappointments before he gets through life.
4. 1) Seeing that more and more people are concerned about the quality of their indoor environments, John is considering starting an interior decoration business. It seems certain to earn a profit, but he does not yet have enough money to invest in it.
2) This device is primarily used for the improvement of the sound quality of electronic media. It was invented in the US, but now it is used on a global scale.
3) When the first settlers came to America, their household utensils consisted of a few pots, pans and some bowls stacked in one corner of the house. There wasn't much material temptation around them. They never dined out in a restaurant as we often do nowadays.
II. Confusable Words
1. 1) house 2) Home 3) home, family 4) household
2. 1) doubt 2) suspected 3) doubted 4) suspected 5) suspect
III. Word Formation
1) rise 2) final 3) regular 4) cash 5) hows, whys
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6) upped 7) yellowed 8)bottled 9) lower 10) search
Structure
1.1) when it comes to changing your life
2) when it comes to such matters as keeping the room tidy
3) when it comes to emotional intelligence
4) when it comes to managing minor matters
2. 1) Not everyone agrees on what is right and what is wrong
2) but, unfortunately, money isn't everything
3) not all Americans like them
4) Not all people share the same interests
Comprehensive Exercises
I. Cloze(A) 1. gets by 2.temptation 3. get through 4.picked up
5. improvements 6.aside from 7. suspect 8.supplement
9. profit 10.primarily 1. spraying 12. stacking
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(B) 1. While 2. escape 3. begin 4.Because/As 5 quit 6. start
7. on 8.but (also) 9. be 10.close 11.have 12.cutting
13. cook/prepare 14.cities 15.however 16.family
II. Translation
A decade ago, Nancy did what so many Americans dream about. She quit an executive position and opened / set up a household equipment store in her neighborhood. People like Nancy made the decision primarily because of/owing to/due to their desire to improve the quality of their lives.
But, to run a small business is by no means an easy job. Without her steady income, Nancy had to cut back on her daily expenses. Sometimes she did not even have the money to pay the premiums for the various kinds of insurance she needed. Once she could not even pick up the phone bill and had to ask her parents to loan her some money.
Fortunately, through her own hard work, she has now got through the most difficult time. She is determined to continue pursuing her vision of a better life.
Part III Text B
Comprehension Check
l. a 2. c 3.d 4. b 5. a 6. c
Language Practice
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1. In addition 2. roast 3. percentage 4. entertainment 5.cable
6. at one time 7. get along 8. missed out on 9. whip up 10. as a result
11.commute 12. rent 13.taken over 14. make sense 15.mushroomed
16. go with 17. fried 18. dizzy 19. array 20. gasped
Part IV Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks
Model paper
Recent Changes in Chinese Family Life
Great changes have taken place in Chinese family life in the past twenty years. In my parents' words, the difference between their childhood and mine is as vast as that between heaven and earth.
When my parents were young, there was no TV, no computers nor any other electronic appliances in their home. Their food was simple and their clothing plain. What is unbelievable to young people today is that they seldom dined out in a restaurant, or traveled to a scenic spot for a holiday.
In contrast to family life one generation ago, each family in China today has at least one TV set and many have been equipped with telephones, computers, even cars. While the senior members of a family watch films on TV at home, the younger members like to play computer games or talk to their friends who may live thousands of miles from them.
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The changes in Chinese family life mirror the economic development of our country. Without the prosperity of the whole country, our family life would probably be just the same as before. Times have changed, and changed, most would surely agree with me, for the better.
Unit Two Civil Rights Heroes
Part II Text A THE FREEDOM GIVERS
Text Organization
1.Part One Paras 1-5
It is high time to honor the heroes who helped liberate slaves by forging the Underground Railroad in the early civil-rights struggles in America.
Part Two Paras 6-23
By citing examples the author praises the exploits of civil-rights heroes who helped slaves travel the Underground Railroad to freedom.
2. Story 1 (Paras 6-10): After winning his own freedom from slavery, John Parker helped other slaves to escape north to Canada to get freedom.
Story 2 (Paras 11-15): Supported by a strong religious conviction, the white man Levi Coffin helped black slaves to escape at huge risk to himself.
Story 3 (Paras 16-23): By traveling the Underground Railroad, Josiah Henson reached his
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desti¬nation and became free at last.
Vocabulary
I. 1. 1) decades 2) historic 3) imposed 4) racial 5) slender 6) closing in on
7) settlement 8) site 9) mission 10) authorized 11) terminal 12) make the best of
13) exploits 14) religious 15) on the side
2. 1) pass for 2) stood up for 3) laid down 4) take on 5) let (us) down 6) draw on
7) come up 8) given up
3. 1) The Europeans are fully confident that the Americans will not be able to justify their measures to protect the struggling American steel industry.
2)Clinton is, in the eyes of Joe Klein, staff writer of the New Yorker and author of The Natural, the most talented politician of his generation and the most compelling.
3) There's not much you can do if people are really intent on destroying themselves with drugs.
4)A different experience of the world could forge a completely different approach to life.
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5) It is our conviction that cloning of human beings is bound to cause many ethical and social problems in the long run.
4. 1) As for the protection of these endangered species, many countries do not compel fishermen to report accidental capture of small cetaceans (鲸目动物) in their nets, so significant catches may go unnoticed for years. To deal with this problem, animal protectionists have forged an international alliance. On the other hand they have urged the United Nations to lay down more specific laws to save these animals.
2) It was reported that food supplies would soon run out and most of the victims of the earthquake would starve to death. At huge risk, a group of volunteers from the Red Cross took on the mission to transport food, clothes and medicine to the most seriously hit areas.
3) A rally was going to be held in honor of the 16th US President Abraham Lincoln who abolished slavery in 1863 and liberated the slaves in the South. In the eyes of many African-Americans, Lincoln was America's greatest president thanks to his outstanding exploits.
II. Words with Multiple Meanings
1.I'll tell you about my research project in a minute, but first let's hear about your French trip.
2.Most McDonald's look almost the same on the outside, but actually there are about 16 different basic designs.
3.Loaning money from the banks is but one of the methods we can use to get through a financial crisis.
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4.This second-hand car has been nothing but trouble; it's always breaking down.
5.In your resume you've mentioned everything but one vital point.
6.Our technicians have discovered a simple but effective solution to the problem.
7.I am sorry, but I think you shouldn't have delayed your homework.
8.The bankruptcy of the company was not caused by evil, but by simple ignorance.
III. Usage
1. lonely 2. friendly 3. weekly, monthly 4.lovely 5. cowardly
6.kindly / saintly 7. lively 8. motherly
Structure
1.1) A letter posted today will probably reach him the day after tomorrow.
2)Thus encouraged, we made a still bolder plan for the next year.
3)Our government has banned imports of cosmetics containing animal products from 18 countries, mostly in Europe, for fear that they could cause mad cow disease.
4)Having graduated from St. Mary's College, Joyce applied to the University of California at Los Angeles.
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2.1) Often it is in overcoming hardships that we come to appreciate the value of life.
2)Some scientists believe that people will come to like genetically modified crops someday since they can increase yields and farmers' incomes, reduce prices and help combat hunger and disease in the developing countries.
3)With repeated hackers' attacks on our system, we have come to realize the necessity of hiring a computer-security expert.
4)Having conducted some surveys in Chinese kindergartens, Howard Gardner came to understand that the Chinese preferred \"teaching by holding the hand\".
Comprehensive Exercises
I. Cloze
(A) 1. Underground 2. forged 3. stand up 4. transport 5. compelled 6. convictions
7. liberating 8. mission 9. abolish 10. intent on 11. risk
(B) 1. who 2. the 3.along 4. in 5.that 6. through 7.not 8. as
9.referred 10. escape 11.where 12. If 13.in 14. even 15.until 16. instead 17.as
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II. Translation
Henson's painful life as a slave strengthened his determination to struggle for freedom. Shortly after he achieved freedom he became a member of an organization that assisted fugitive slaves. He secretly returned to the United States from Canada several times to help others to travel the Underground Railroad to freedom. Once some slave catchers closed in on the escaping slaves and Henson when they were on the run. He disguised them and successfully avoided capture. In addition, later he built a small settlement in Dresden in Canada for escaped slaves, setting up a chapel and a school where they could learn useful ways of making a living. He held to the conviction that slavery would be abolished, all the slaves would be liberated, and the day was bound to come when racial discrimination no longer existed.
Part III Text B
Comprehension Check 1. a 2. d 3. c 4. d 5. b 6. b
Language Practice
1. remarkable 2. commitment 3. flourish 4. resulted from 5. grave
6. In the midst of 7. enforce 8. recovery 9. guarantee 10. remedy
11. discriminate 12. with each passing day 13. unlike 14. subjected to
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15. at best 16. plays up 17. come a long way 18. do well
19. against all the odds 20. In this context
Part IV Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks
Model paper
The Civil-Rights Movement in the U.S.
Black Africans were first brought as slaves to what was to become the United States in the seventeenth century. Slavery was strongest in the South, where large plantations grew cotton, tobacco, and other crops. Towards the end of the eighteenth century, a growing demand for cotton led to an increase in the demand for slaves in the region. Slavery was less profitable in the North, however, and much of the opposition to slavery came from the northern states. The tension between the North and the South over the issue of slavery led to the Civil War in 1861.
With the victory of the North, slavery was abolished. Discrimination, however, did not end. Black Americans were treated as second class citizens, especially in the South. Dissatisfaction with unfair treatment eventually led to the civil rights protests of the 1950s and 1960s that brought about government action aimed at reducing discrimination.
As a result, African Americans have come a long way in the last fifty years, but they still find themselves at a disadvantage in comparison with Americans of European descent. Only 17 per cent of the black population are able to finish higher education, in contrast to 28 per cent of whites. Incomes for the average white family were just over $44,000 in 1999. For an average black family, however, the figure was in the region of $25,000. Not one of the chief executive officers of the top
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500 companies is black.
Anyway, the civil-rights movement in the U.S. still has a long way to go.
Unit Three Security
Text A THE LAND OF THE LOCK
Text Organization
1. 1) Doors are not left unlocked either in cities or in rural areas. Dead-bolt locks, security chains, electronic alarm systems and trip wires are widely in use.
2) Suburban families have steel bars built in sliding glass doors.
3) Small notices warning against burglary are commonly seen pasted on the windows of the most pleasant of homes.
4) Access cards are required of those who work with medium to large-size companies.
5) Airport security uses electronic X-ray equipment to guard against terrorism.
6) Businessmen employ new machines linked up to their telephone to help determine whether the caller is telling lies or not.
7) Suburban housewives wear rape whistles on their key chains.
Vocabulary
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1.1) tranquil 2) analyze 3) by a small margin 4)civilize 5) rural 6)closed up
7) era 8)paste 9) without so much as 10)sideways 11) barricaded 12)hook up to
13) error 14)chart 15) Bathed in
2. 1) bring about 2) looked back on 3) cut off 4) fit into 5) wear (the other) down 6) lies in 7) put up 8) stand for
3. 1) A certain gene which is likely to make people vulnerable to asthma has been found by researchers at the Department of Clinical Medicine in Oxford.
2) A wardrobe with mirrored doors had to be built in so as to make their small bedroom look larger.
3) The NBC show's opening shots feature the space shuttle Challenger blowing up in January 1986—killing all seven crew.
4) Colds can be held at bay by increasing your intake of fruit and vegetables which are both low in calories and rich in Vitamin C.
5) Energy difficulties are a major barrier to the country's economic growth due to the fact that imported oil has absorbed 40% of its foreign exchange / because imported oil has absorbed 40% of its foreign exchange.
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4. 1) Jacob looked back on his summer holidays spent on the Big Island of Hawaii with its
beautiful landscape and tranquil atmosphere as a rare escape from the madness of urban life.
2) I was puzzled by the word \"e-mail\" when I came across it for the first time years ago. \"What is an e-mail? What on earth does the letter 'e' here stand for?\" I asked myself. Later, I got to know that e-mail is a system for communicating messages by electronic rather than physical means
3) Mr. Smith has, over the years, established his name as a successful used-car dealer in the minds of local people. He places regular though small advertisements in newspapers featuring affordable second-hand cars, vans and trucks. At the back of his premises he owns a used-car lot (停车场) which faces a deserted street.
II. Collocation
1. away 2.inside/in 3. forward/through 4.back 5. off 6.home 7. back, down 8.in, out
III. Usage
1. Internet is not such an unusual word as it used to be.
2. Most men do not look unattractive in them.
3. Wealthy as she is, she is not unconcerned by her sudden unemployment.
4. This claim is not unrealistic in view of a sharp decrease in the city's violent crimes.
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5. His poor health is not unrelated to his unhealthy way of life.
Structure
1.1) It never occurred to me to ask him what was intended by that remark. I thought he was just joking.
2) It occurred to me that the names of their children—Rose, Lily and Daisy—were the names of flowers.
3) When he heard her say so, it occurred to him that for convenience he also could contact the local travel agency and ask them to take care of everything.
4) Has it never occurred to you that the problems in the Middle East are complicated and difficult to solve?
2.1) If they don't agree to work extra hours for no extra pay, chances are that they will be dismissed.
2) Research is being carried out on the disease and progress is being made at present. Chances are that there will be a cure within the next ten years.
3) If you are eating lots of fatty food, chances are that you'll put on several pounds in a matter of weeks.
4) He left his office an hour ago but hasn't got home yet. Chances are that he's got stuck in a traffic jam.
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Comprehensive Exercises
I. Cloze
(A)1. Statistics 2. rural 3. era 4. stood for 5. on the latch 6. vulnerable
7. barriers 8. at bay 9. electronic 10. reflection 11. puzzle 12. civilized
(B)1. worse / scarier 2. tougher / harder 3. Yes / True 4.
barricading 5. from 6. not7. every 8. However
9. say 10. back / at bay 11. chances 12. Therefore 13. when 14. leave 15. Don't 16. head/brains
II. Translation
A burglary is reported every 15 seconds in the United States. Statistics show burglars entered more than 2 million homes last year. Actually it is almost impossible to keep a determined burglar out. All you can do is discourage him for a few minutes, thus exposing him to police patrols or those wandering around. Common sense tells us that lighting is a barrier to criminal activity. A light should be fixed in the doorway and switched on at night. Believe it or not, some people, particularly children who happen to be the last to come in, leave their doors on the latch at night. Doors of hollow core, even when locked, are vulnerable to break-ins. Thus doors of solid core or steel are much preferred as they make it difficult for the burglar to pry open. If you decide to buy an alarm device, be sure to ask for its signs and put them up on both windows and doors. Finally, a word of warning—when you travel, make sure that you have a trusted neighbor collect and keep all the
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deliveries of newspapers and mail until you return. This is because a collection of newspapers and mail on the front doorstep or in your mailbox is an advertisement that no one is home.
Part III TextB
Comprehension Check 1. b 2. b 3. b 4. d 5. a 6. d
Language Practice
1. impact 2. inflicted 3. draw the line at 4. recommend 5. circumstance 6. break into 7. take the plunge 8. conclude / have concluded 9. aggressive 10. confirm
11. advocated 12. insure 13. departed 14. in our favor 15. target 16. count on
17. head for 18. Under no circumstances 19. on the line 20. aimed at
Part IV Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks
Model paper Why We Are against Gun Control
Should Americans oppose gun control? Of course we should. The gun is the great equalizer. It does not matter whether you are a big tough man or a small frail woman. With a gun in your hand you stand at the same height.What's more, it is the foundation of our nation. Without it there would be no Republic as it is, for we would never have been able to drive the Indians off the land without shooting so many of them down. Nor would the West have been won. Who would have dared
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venture into lands unprotected by the law if they had not been able to protect themselves with a gun? The spirit of our nation thrives on aggressive individuals who are ready to stand up for themselves and to fight for their rights. Look at our films. What do we enjoy watching? People shooting one another. True, children occasionally get hold of guns and slaughter their classmates. But if only their classmates had been properly armed, they could have fought back. It was gun control that left them defenceless.
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