（此文分三部分：真题试题、答案、听力原文）
一、真题试题
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions : For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of having a sense of family responsibility. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)
【听力试题】
Section A
Conversation 1
1.A) Magazine reporter. B) Fashion designer. C) Website designer. D) Features editors.
2.A) Designing sports clothing. B) Consulting fashion experts. C) Answering daily emails. D) Interview job-seekers. 3.A) It is challenging. B) It is fascinating. C) It is tiresome. D) It is fashionable. 4.A) Her persistence. B) Her experience.
C) Her competence. D) Her confidence.
Conversation 2
5.A) It is enjoyable. B) It is educational.
C) It is divorced from real life. D) It is adapted from a drama.
6.A) All the roles are played by famous actors and actresses.
B) It is based on the real-life experiences of some celebrities. C) Its plots and events reveal a lot about Frankie’s actual life. D) It is written, directed, edited and produced by Frankie himself. 7.A) Go to the theater and enjoy it. B) Recommend it to her friends. C) Watch it with the man. D) Download and watch it.
8.A) It has drawn criticisms from scientists. B) It has been showing for over a decade. C) It is a ridiculous piece of satire. D) It is against common sense.
Section B Passage 1
9.A) They are likely to get hurt when moving too fast. B) They believe in team spirit.
C) They need to keep moving to avoid getting hurt. D) They have to learn how to avoid body contact.
10.A) They do not have many years to live after retirement. B) They tend to live longer with early retirement.
C) They do not start enjoying life until full retirement. D) They keep themselves busy even after retirement. 11.A) It prevents us from worrying. B) It slows down our aging process.
C) It enables us to accomplish in life.
D) It provides us with more chances to learn.
Passage 2
12.A) It tends to dwell upon their joyous experiences. B) It wanders for almost half of their waking time. C) It has trouble concentrating after a brain injury. D) It tends to be affected by their negative feelings. 13.A) To find how happiness relates to daydreaming. B) To observe how one’s mind affects one’s behavior. C) To see why daydreaming impacts what one is doing. D) To study the relation between health and daydreaming. 14.A) It helps them make good decisions. B) It helps them tap their potentials. C) It contributes to their creativity. D) It contributes to their thinking.
15.A) Subjects with clear goals in mind outperformed those without clear goals.
B) The difference in performance between the two groups was insignificant.
C) Non-daydreamers were more confused on their tasks than daydreamers. D) Daydreamers did better than non-daydreamers in task performance.
Section C Recording 1
16.A) They are the oldest buildings in Europe. B) They are part of the Christian tradition. C) They are renovated to attract tourists.
D) They are in worsening condition.
17.A) They have a history of 14 centuries. B) They are 40 metres tall on average. C) They are without foundations. D) They consist of several storeys. 18.A) Wood has harmonious with nature. B) Wooden buildings kept the cold out. C) Timber was abundant in Scandinavia. D) The Vikings liked wooden structures.
Recording 2
19.A) Similarities between human babies and baby animals. B) Cognitive features of different newly born mammals. C) Adults’ influence on children. D) Abilities of human babies.
20.A) They can distinguish a happy tune from a sad one. B) They love happy melodies more than sad ones.
C) They fall asleep easily while listening to music. D) They are already sensitive to beats and rhythms. 21.A) Infants’ facial expressions. B) Babies’ emotions.
C) Babies’ interaction with adult. D) Infants’ behaviors. Recording 3
22.A) It may harm the culture of today’s workplace. B) It may hinder individual career development. C) It may result in unwillingness to take risks. D) It may put too much pressure on team members.
23.A) They can hardly give expression to their original views.
B) They can become less motivated to do projects of their own. C) They may find it hard to get their contributions recognized. D) They may eventually lose their confidence and creativity. 24.A) They can enlarge their professional circle. B) They can get chances to engage in research. C) They can make the best use of their expertise. D) They can complete the project more easily. 25.A) It may cause lots of arguments in a team. B) It may prevent making a timely decision.
C) It may give rise to a lot of unnecessary expense. D) It may deprive a team of business opportunities.
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
【阅读理解试题】 Section A 选词填空
The number of devices you can talk to is multiplying—first it was your phone, then your car, and now you can tell your kitchen appliances what to do. But even without gadgets that understand our spoken commands, research suggests that, as bizarre as it sounds, under certain 26 , people regularly ascribe human traits to everyday objects.
Sometimes we see things as human because we are 27 . In one experiment, people who reported feeling isolated were more likely than others to attribute 28 to various gadgets. In turn, feeling close to objects can 29 loneliness. When college students were reminded of a time they had been 30 in a social setting, they compensated by exaggerating their number of friends—unless they were first given tasks that caused them to interact with their phone as if it had human qualities. According to the researchers, the participants' phones 31 substituted for real friends.
At other times, we personify products in an effort to understand them. One study found that three in four respondents yelled at their computer. Further, the more their computer gave them problems, the more likely the respondents were to report that it had its own “beliefs and 32 .”
So how do people assign traits to an object? In part, we rely on looks. On humans, wide faces are 33 with dominance. Similarly, people rated cars, clocks, and watches with wide faces as more dominant-looking than narrow-faced ones, and preferred them—especially in 34 situations. An analysis of car sales in Germany found that cars with gills (护栅) that were upturned like smiles sold best. The purchasers saw this 35 as increasing a car's friendliness.
A) alleviate I) desires B) apparently J) excluded C) arrogant K) feature D) associated L) lonely E) circumstances M) separate F) competitive N) spectacularly G) conceded O) warrant H) consciousness
Section B 段落匹配
[A] The marketing is enticing: Get stronger muscles and healthier bodies with minimal effort by adding protein powder to your morning shake or juice drink. Or grab a protein bar at lunch or for a quick snack. Today, you can find protein supplements everywhere-online, at the pharmacy grocery store, or health food store. They come in powders, pills, and bars. With more than $12 billion in sales this year, the industry is booming and, according to the
market research company, Grand View Research, is on track to sell billions more by 2025. But do we really need all this supplemental protein? It depends. There are pros, cons and some ho-hums to consider.
[B] For starters, protein is critical for every cell in our body. It helps build nails, hair, bones, and muscles. It can also help you feel fuller longer than eating foods without protein. And, unlike nutrients that are found only in a few foods, protein is pretty much ubiquitous. \"The typical American diet is a lot higher in protein than a lot of us think, \"says registered dietitian Angela Pipitone with Johns Hopkins McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine. She
says it's in foods many of us expect, such as beef, chicken, and other types of meat and dairy. But it's also in foods that may not come immediately to mind like vegetables, fruit, beans and grains.
[C] The U.S. government's recommended daily allowance (RDA) for the average adult is 50 to 60 grams of protein a day. This may sound like a lot, but Pipitone says: “We get bits of protein here and there and that really adds up throughout the day. \"Take, for example, breakfast. If you ate two eggs topped with a little bit of cheese and an orange on the side, you already have 22 grams of protein. Each egg gives you 7 grams; the cheese gives you around
6 grams and the orange - about 2 grams. Add a lunch of chicken, rice, and broccoli, and you are already over the recommended 50 grams. \"You can get enough protein and meet the RDA before you even get to dinner, says Pipitone.
[D]So if it's so easy to get your protein in food, why add more in the form of powders, snack bars or a boost at your local juice bar? No need to, says Pipitone because, in fact, most of us already get enough protein in our diet. “Whole foods are
always the best option rather than adding supplements,” she says, noting the FDA does not regulate
supplements as stringently as foods or drugs, so there could be less protein, more sugar, and some additives you wouldn’t expect, such as caffeine and even steroids.
[E]If you are considering a supplement, read the list of ingredients, she says although this is not always foolproof. \"I’ve seen very expensive protein supplements that claim to be high quality but they might not really be beneficial for the average healthy adult,” she says. \"It could just be a waste of money.”
[F]But there are certain situations that do warrant extra protein. \"Anytime you're in an anabolic state or building muscle,” Pipitone says, such as if you're an extreme endurance athlete, training for a marathon, or you're a body builder. If you're moderately exercising for 150 minutes a week, as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends, or less than that, you're probably not an extreme athlete. Extreme athletes expend lots of energy breaking down and repairing and building muscles. Protein can give them the edge they need to speed along that process.
[G] Vegans can benefit from protein supplements since they do not eat animal-based protein sources like meat, dairy, or eggs. And, for someone always on-the-go who may not have time for a meal, a protein snack bar can be a good option for occasional meal replacement. Also, individuals recovering from surgery or an injury can also benefit from extra protein. So, too, can older people. At around age 60, \"muscles really start to break down, \" says Kathryn Starr, an aging researcher at Duke University School of Medicine,\" and because of that, in addition to the fact that as
we get older our body's ability to break down protein is reduced, the protein needs of an older adult actually increases.\"
[H] In fact, along with her colleague Connie Bales, Starr recently conducted a small study that found that adding extra protein foods to the diet of obese older individuals who were trying to lose weight strengthened their muscles.
Participants in the study were separated into two groups—one group was asked to eat 30 grams of protein per meal in the form of whole foods. That meant they were eating 90 grams of protein a day. The other group—the control group—was put on a typical low-calorie diet with about 50 to 60 grams of protein a day.
[I]After six months, researchers found the high protein group had significantly improved their muscle function - almost twice as much as the control group. “They were able to walk faster, had improved balance, and were also able to get up out of a chair faster than the control group,” Starr says. All 67 participants were over 60 years of age,
and both groups lost about the same amount of weight. Starr is now looking into whether high-protein diets also improve the quality of the muscle itself in seniors. She's using CT scans to measure muscle size and fat, and comparing seniors on a high-
protein diet to those on regular diets. She says her findings should be available in a couple of months.
[J]In the meantime, 70-year-old Corliss Keith, who was in the high protein group in Starr's latest study, says she feels a big difference. \"I feel excellent, \"she says, \"I feel like I have a different body, I have more energy, I'm stronger.” She says she is able to take Zumba exercise classes three times a week, work out on the treadmill and take
long, brisk walks. Keith also lost more than 15 pounds. \" I'm a fashionable person, so now I'm back in my three-inch heels,” she says.
[K]As people age, researcher Starr says muscle strength is key to helping them stay strong and continue living on their own in their own home. “I feel very much alive now,\"says Keith, \"I feel like I could stay by myself until I'm 100.”
[L]But can people overdo protein? Pipitone says you do have to be careful. Too much protein can cause nausea, cramps, headaches, fatigue, and bloating. Dehydration is also a risk when you eat too much protein. Pipitone says if you increase protein, you also have to increase your fluid intake. “I always tell people to make sure they're drinking
enough fluids,” which for the average person is 60 to 70 ounces a day, which translates into eight 8-ounce glasses of water or liquid per day.
[M]There have been some indications that extra protein makes the kidneys work harder which could be problematic for individuals with a history of kidney disease and for them, the supplements may increase the risk of kidney stones, she says.
[N]Bottom Line: if you think you need more protein in your diet, consider these questions: Are you are an extreme athlete; are you recovering from injury or surgery; or are you are 60 years or older? If so, adding high protein foods like eggs and meat products to your diet can be beneficial. And, if you're not sure, it is always a good idea to check with your primary care provide.
36.It is quite easy for one to take in the recommended amount of protein.
37.Pipitone claims that healthy adults need not spend money on protein supplements. 38.The protein supplement business is found to be thriving. 39.Protein can speed the repairing of damaged muscles.
40.Protein supplements may overburden some internal organ, thus leading to its malfunctioning.
41.Older adults need to take in more protein to keep their muscles strong. 42.Protein is found in more foods than people might realize.
43.Additional protein was found to help strengthen the muscles of overweight seniors seeking weight loss.
44.Pipitone believes that whole foods provide the best source of protein. 45.People are advised to drink more liquid when they take in more protein.
Section C 仔细阅读 Passage one 短文1
Last year, a child was born at a hospital in the UK with her heart outside her body. Few babies survive this rare condition, and those who do must endure numerous operations and are likely to have complex needs. When her mother was interviewed, three weeks after her daughter's birth, she was asked if she was prepared for what might be a daunting(令人生畏的) task caring for her. She answered without hesitation that, as far as she was concerned, this would be a \"privilege\".
Rarely has there been a better example of the power of attitude, one of our most powerful psychological tools.
Our attitudes allow us to turn mistakes into opportunities, and loss into the chance for new beginnings. An attitude is a settled way of thinking, feeling and/ or behaving towards particular objects, people, events or ideologies. We use our
attitudes to filter, interpret and react to the world around us. You weren t born with attitudes; rather they are all learned, and this happens in a number of ways.
The most powerful influences occur during early childhood and include both what happened to you directly, and what those around you did and said in your presence. As you acquire a distinctive identity your attitudes are further refined by the behavior of those with whom you identify—your family, those of your gender and culture, and the people you admire, even though you may not know them personally.Friendships and other important relationships
become increasingly important, particularly during adolescence. About that same time and throughout adulthood, the information you receive, especially when ideas are repeated in association with goals and achievements you find attractive, also refines your attitudes.
Many people assume that our attitudes are internally consistent, that is, the way you think and feel about someone or something predicts your behavior towards them. However, many studies have found that feelings and thoughts don't necessarily predict behavior. In general, your attitudes will be internally consistent only when the behavior is easy, and when those around you hold similar beliefs. That's why, for example, many say they believe in the benefits of recycling or exercise, but don't behave in line with their views, because it takes awareness, effort and
courage to go beyond merely stating that you believe something is a good idea. One of the most effective ways to change an attitude is to start behaving as if you already feel and think the way you'd prefer to. Take some time to reflect on your attitudes, to think about what you believe and why. Is there anything you consider a burden rather than a privilege? If so, start behaving-right now-as if the latter is the case.
46.What do we learn from the passage about attitude? A.It shapes our beliefs and ideologies. B.It improves our psychological wellbeing.
C.It determines how we respond to our immediate environment. D.It changes the way we think, feel and interact with one another.
47.What can contribute to the refinement of one's attitude, according to the passage?
A.Their idols’behaviors. B.Their educational level.
C.Their contact with the opposite gender. D.Their interaction with different cultures.
48.What do many studies find about people's feelings and thoughts? A.They may not suggest how a person is going to behave. B.They are in a way consistent with a person's mentality. C.They may not find expression in interpersonal relations. D.They are in line with a person's behavior no matter what. 49.How come many people don't do what they believe is good? A.They can't afford the time. B.They have no idea how to. C.They are hypocritical. D.They lack willpower.
50.What is proposed as a strategy to change attitude? A.Changing things that require one's immediate attention. B.Starting to act in a way that embodies one's aspirations. C.Adjusting one's behavior gradually over a period of time. D.Considering ways of reducing one's psychological burdens. Passage 2
Industrial fishing for krill(磷虾) in the unspoilt waters around Antarctica is threatening the future of one of the worlds last great wildernesses, according to a new report.
The study by Greenpeace analysed the movements of krill fishing vessels in the region and found they were increasingly operating \"in the immediate vicinity of penguin colonies and whale-feeding grounds\".It also highlights incidents of fishing boats being involved in groundings, oil spills and accidents, which posed a serious threat to the Antarctic ecosystem.
The report, published on Tuesday, comes amid growing concern about the impact of fishing and climate change on the Antarctic. A global campaign has been launched to create a network of ocean sanctuaries to protect the seas in the region and Greenpeace
is calling for an immediate halt to fishing in areas being considered for sanctuary status.
Frida Bengtsson from Greenpeace's Protect the Antarctic campaign said:\"If the krill industry wants to show it's a responsible player, then it should be voluntarily getting out of any area which is being proposed as an ocean sanctuary, and should instead be backing the protection of these huge tracts of the Antarctic.\"
A global campaign has been launched to turn a huge tract of Antarctic seas into ocean sanctuaries protecting wildlife and banning not just krill fishing, but all fishing. One was created in the Ross Sea in 2016, another reserve is being proposed in a vast area of the Weddell Sea, and a third sanctuary is under consideration in the area west of the Antarctic Peninsula--a key krill fishing area.
The Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources(CCAMLR) manages the seas around Antarctica. It will decide on the Weddell Sea sanctuary proposal at a conference in Australia in October, although a decision on the peninsula sanctuary is not expected until later.
Keith Reid, a science manager at CCAMLR, said that the organisation sought\"a balance between protection, conservation and sustainable fishing in the Southern Ocean. He said although more fishing was taking place nearer penguin colonies it was often happening later in the season when these colonies were empty.
The creation of a system of marine protected areas is a key part of ongoing scientific and policy discussions in CCAMLR, \" he added.\"Our long-term operation in the region depends on a healthy and thriving Antarctic marine ecosystem, which is why we have always had an open dialogue with the environmental non-governmental organisations. We strongly intend to continue this dialogue, including talks with Greenpeace, to discuss
improvements based on the latest scientific data. We are not the ones to decide on the establishment of marine
protected areas, but we hope to contribute positivelly with our knowledge and experience.
51.What does Greenpeace's study find about krill fishing? A.It caused a great many penguins and whales to migrate. B.It was depriving penguins and whales of their habitats.
C.It was carried out too close to the habitats of penguins and whales. D.It posed an unprecedented threat to the wildlife around Antarctica. 52.For what purpose has a global campaign been launched? A.To reduce the impact of climate change on Antarctica. B.To establish conservation areas in the Antarctic region. C.To regulate krill fishing operations in the Antarctic seas. D.To publicise the concern about the impact of krill fishing.
53.What is Greenpeace's recommendation to the krill industry? A) Opting to operate away from the suggested
conservation areas. B) olunteering to protect the endangered species in the Antarctic. C) Refraining from krill fishing
throughout the breeding season. D) Showing its sense of responsibility by leading the global campaign.
A.Opting to operate away from the suggested conservation areas. B.olunteering to protect the endangered species in the Antarctic. C.Refraining from krill fishing throughout the breeding season. D.Showing its sense of responsibility by leading the global campaign. 54.What did CCAMLR aim to do according to its science manager? A.Raise public awareness of the vulnerability of Antarctic species. B.Ban all commercial fishing operations in the Southern Ocean. C.Keep the penguin colonies from all fishing interference. D.Sustain fishing without damaging the Antarctic ecosystem.
55.How does ccamlr define its role in the conservation of the Antarctic environment?
A.A coordinator in policy discussions. B.An authority on big data analysis. C.A provider of the needed expertise. D.An initiator of marine sanctuaries.
Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
荷花（lotus flower）是中国的名花之一，深受人们喜爱。中国许多地方的湖泊和池塘都适宜荷花生长。荷花 色彩鲜艳，夏日清晨绽放，夜晚闭合。花期长达两三个月，吸引来自各地的游客前往观赏。荷花具有多种功 能，既能绿化水面，又能美化庭园，还可净化水质、减少污染、改善环境。荷花迎骄阳而不惧，出污泥而不 染，象征纯洁、高雅，常常用来比喻人的高尚品德，历来是诗人画家创作的重要题材。荷花盛开的地方也是 许多摄影爱好者经常光顾之地。
二、答案
【写作答案】参考范文
The Importance of Having a Sense of Family Responsibility
Home is a warm harbor for every family member. It brings us warmth, and gives us strength over the long course of our lives. While enjoying the benefits of the family,
everyone should have a sense of family responsibility and contribute to the happiness of the family life.
To begin with, as a member of the family, everyone is obliged to take on family responsibilities. Secondly, by taking family responsibilities, the relationship between family members can be strengthened, thus a harmonious family can be created, which can make each family member feel a sense of belonging. A good growing environment will influence one’s psychological development and ultimately one’s personal development. More than that, each person with a good sense of family responsibility will develop a good sense of social responsibility, which will do good to our society.
To sum up, it is of great importance for everyone to have a sense of family responsibility, not only in that it strengthens family bond, thus do good to one’s personal development, but that it is beneficial to the social development. So, my dear friends, please take an active part in your family responsibilities!
【听力答案】 Section A: 1-8
1. D) Features editor. 2. C) Answering daily emails. 3. B) It is fascinating. 4. A) Her persistence. 5. A) It is enjoyable.
6. D) It is written, directed, edited and produced by Frankie himself. 7. D) Download and watch it.
8. B) It has been showing for over a decade. Section B: 9-15
9. C) They need to keep moving to avoid getting hurt. 10. A) They do not have many years to live after retirement. 11. A) It prevents us from worrying.
12. B) It wanders for almost half of their waking time. 13. A) To find how happiness relates to daydreaming. 14. C) It contributes to their creativity
15. D) Daydreamers did better than non-daydreamers in task performance. Section C: 16-25
16. D) They are in worsening condition. 17. C) They are without foundations. 18. C) Timber was abundant in Scandinavia. 19. D) Abilities of human babies.
20. A) They can distinguish a happy tune from a sad one. 21. B) Babies emotions.
22. B) It may hinder individual career advancement.
23. C) They may find it hard to get their contributions recognized. 24. A) They can enlarge their professional circle. 25. B) It may prevent making a timely decision. 【阅读理解-答案】
Section A：The number of开头 26-30 ELHAJ 31-35 BIDFK
26. E) circumstances 27. L) lonely 28. H) consciousness 29. A) alleviate 30. J) excluded 31. B) apparently 32. I) desires 33. D) associated 34. F) competitive 35. K) feature
Section B 段落匹配
How much protein do you really want? 36-45 CEAFM GBHDL
Section C 仔细阅读
Passage One—Last year开头（态度的重要性） 46-50 CAADB
46. C) It determines how we respond to our immediate environment. 47. A) Their idols’ behaviors.
48. A) They may not suggest how a person is going to behave. 49. D) They lack willpower.
50. B) Starting to act in a way that embodies one’s aspirations. Passage Two——Industrial fishing for krill开头 51-55 CBADC
51. C) It was carried out too close to the habitats of penguins and whales 52. B) To establish conservation areas in the Antarctic region.
53. A) Opting to operate away from the suggested conservation areas. 54. D) Sustain fishing without damaging the Antarctic ecosystem. 55. C) A provider of the needed expertise. 【翻译答案】参考译文 -荷花
Lotus is one of the best-known flowers in China which people love deeply. Many lakes and ponds in China are suitable for lotus’ growth. Lotus features bright colors, blossoming in the morning and closing in the evening with a long flowering period of two to three months, attracting tourists across the country to appreciate it. Lotus has a variety of functions, which can not only green waters and beautify courtyards but also purify water, reduce pollution and improve environment. Lotus symbolizes purity and elegance and represents people's noble morals as it does not fear the strong sunshine and keeps clean in the mud. Therefore, the flower has become an important creation theme for poets and painters throughout the Chinese history, and the place where the lotus blooms is also frequented by many photography lovers.
三、听力原文
Conversation 1
M: Today our guest is Rosie Mullender who works as a FeaturesEditor for Fashion magazine.
Hi Rosie, youre Features editor at one of the most widely readwomens magazines in the U.K.
What kind of responsibilities does that job entail? ?
W: We spend our days looking at ideas from journalists, writingcopy for the magazine and website, and editing.
We do random things like asking people in the street questions andtesting sports clothing.
We also do less tangible things like understanding what our readerswant. Its certainly varied and sometimes bizarre.
M: During your working day, what kind of work might you typicallydo? ? W: My day mainly incorporates responding to emails, writing andediting stories and coming up with new feature ideas.
M: How does the job of Features editor differ from that of Fashioneditor or
other editorial positions? ?
W: The Features team deals with articles such as careers,
reports,confidence and confessions everything except fashion and beauty. ---
M: A lot of people believe that working at a magazine is aglamorous job. Is this an accurate representation of what you do? ?
W: Id say its glamorous to an extent, but not in the way itsportrayed in films.
We do have our moments, such as interviewing celebrities andattending parties, which is a huge thrill.
Ultimately though, were the same as our readers, but working in ajob were all very lucky to have.
M: Did you have to overcome any difficulties to reach this point inyour career? ?
How did you manage to do this? ?
W: I had to be really persistent and it was very hard work.
After three years of working in a petrol station and doing unpaidwork, I still hadnt managed to get an entry-level job.
I was lucky that my last desperate attempt led to a job.
I told myself that all experiences make you a better journalist inthe long runand luckily I was right. ---
1 What is the womans profession? ?
2 What is one of the womans main responsibilities? ? 3 What do many people think about the womans job? ? 4 What helped the woman to get her current position? ?
Conversation 2
W: Are you watching any good shows these days? ?
M: Actually, yes. Im watching a great satire called Frankie. Ithink youd like it. ,
W: Really? Whats it about? ??
M: Its about a real guy named Frankie.
He is a famous comedian in New York and shows a mixture of comedyand drama loosely depicting his life.
W: Im sorry, do you mean to say, its a real-life series about a realperson? ?
Its non-fiction, is it? ?
M: No... Not really, no. Its fiction, as what happens in everyepisode is made up.
However, the lead role is a comedian by the name of Frankie, and heplays himself.
So Frankie, in both real life and in the TV show, lives in New YorkCity. Hes a comic, is divorced, and has two little daughters.
All those things are true, but aside from him, all his friends andfamily are played by actors.
And the plots and the events that take place are also invented. W: Oh, I think I see now. That sounds like a very original concept. M: Yes, it is. In fact, the whole show is written, directed, editedand produced by him, and is very funny and has won many awards. , W: Thats cool. I will try to download it. Im watching a comedy called The Big Bang Theory. Its a huge hit around the world.
M: Oh yes. Ive heard of it, but never actually watched it. , W: Well, then you should check it out. Its also very funny. Its about four male scientists and a female waitress. The men are very socially awkward but very bright.
And this is contrasted by the ladys social skills and common sense. The show has been running for over ten years, and some of theactors are practically global super stars.
Now that they are such famous celebrities.
5 What does the man think of the satire Frankie he recentlywatched? ? 6 What does the man say is special about the satire Frankie? ?
7 What does the woman say she is going to do with the satireFrankie? 8 What does the woman say about the comedy The Big Bang Theory?
Section B
Passage 1
Related to the use it or lose it law is the keep moving principle. We learn about stagnation from nature. A river that stops moving gets smelly.
The same thing happens to people who stop moving, either mentallyor physically.
Those who play contact sports know that the player who usually getshurt the most is the one who is standing still.
Of course, youll need some time to catch your breath every sooften, but the essential massage is keep moving, extending and learning. Ships last a lot longer when they go to sea than when they stay inthe harbor.
The same is true for airplanes.
You dont preserve an airplane by keeping it on the ground. You preserve it by keeping it in service.
We also get to live a long healthy life by staying in service.
Longevity statistics reveal that the average person doesnt lastvery long after retirement.
The more well hear is dont retire.
If a fellow says Im 94 years old and I worked all my life, :94
we need to realize, that is how he got to be 94, by stayinginvolved. 94 George Bernard Shaw won a Nobel Prize when he was nearly 70. 70
Benjamin Franklin produced some of his best writings at the age of84, 84 and Pablo Picasso put brush to canvas right through his eighties. 80 Isnt the issue how old we think we are? ?
A bonus with the keep moving principle is that while we keepmoving, we dont have a chance to worry.
Hence, we avoid the dreaded paralysis by analysis.
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard. 9 What does the speaker say about players of contact sports? ? 10 What do longevity statistics reveal about the average person? ? 11 What bonus does the keep moving principle bring us according tothe speaker? ?
Passage 2
In 2014, one in 16 Americans visited the hospital emergency roomfor home injuries. 201416
One of the main causes of these accidents? A wandering mind! ?!
By one estimate, people daydream through nearly half of theirwaking hours. Psychologists have recently focused on the tendency to think aboutsomething other than the task one is doing.
For one experiment, researchers developed an app to analyze therelationship between daydreaming and happiness.
They found that the average persons mind wandered most frequently(about 65% of the time) during personal activities, such as brushing theirteeth and combing their hair. (65%)
Respondents minds tended to wander more when they felt upset ratherthan happy.
They were more likely to wander toward pleasant topics thanunpleasant ones. How do daydreams affect daydreamers? ?
A wandering mind leaves us vulnerable when driving.
In one study, researchers interview 955 people involved in trafficaccidents. 955
The majority of them reported having daydream just before theaccident. Yet other research suggests that daydreaming has benefits.
Researchers have found that it gives us a chance to think about ourgoals and it also seems to increase creativity.
In one experiment, 145 undergraduates completed four unusual usestasks, 145 each requiring them to list as many uses as possible for everydayobject. After the first pair of tasks was completed,
one group of participants was assigned an undemanding activityintended to cause their minds to wander.
When all the participants proceeded to the second pair of tasks,the daydreamers performed 40 percent better than the others. 40% Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard. 12 What does the passage say about peoples mind? ?
13 For what purpose did the researchers develop the new app? ?
14 How does daydreaming benefit people according to someresearchers? ? 15 What was the finding of the experiment with 145 undergraduates? 145?
Section C
Recording 1
Dating from as far back as the 12th century, they are claimed to bethe rarest historic buildings in western Europe. 12
These buildings offer vital insights into Scandinavias Viking past. But now, with only 30 wooden churches remaining and their conditiondeteriorating, 30
experts are working to preserve the structures for futuregenerations. Some of these spectacular churches are no more than smallbuildings, barely four meters wide and six meters tall. Others are much larger structures.
They soar up to 40 meters into the cold air. 40
Most consist of timber frames that rest on stone blocks. This means that they have no foundations.
Although many of the churches appear from the outside to be complexstructures,
they normally feature only a single storey but numerous different rooflevels.
Staff from the Norwegian government have carried out conservationwork on 10 of the churches over the past two years. 10
Most of these churches date from between the 12th and 14thcenturies. 1214 Other churches were conserved in previous years.
So far, specialists have worked to add preservative materials tothe churches exteriors.
They also replaced rotting roots and halted the sinking of thechurches into the ground.
In two cases, huge machines have been used to lift the buildings upto 30 centimeters into the air. 30
This was accomplished so that the team could examine and repair thechurches original medieval stone blocks.
The team plans to return to around a dozen of the buildings toassess progress and consider further action. 12
The earliest free-standing wooden church was probably built inNorway in around 1080. 1080
However, the largest known wooden churches were built from the1130s onwards. 1130
This period was one of inter-elite rivalry in which
nobles sought to increase their influence by funding theconstruction of churches and other buildings.
The reason for constructing the buildings from wood is probablythat ideally proportioned straight and slender timber was available inlarge quantities in Scandinavias vast pine forests.
As wood was so plentiful, it was cheaper to use than the stone usedin the buildings of other European cultures.
The areas ship-building tradition, partly established by theVikings, also meant that sophisticated carpentry was a major aspect of thelocal culture.
The complex style of the medieval wooden church carvings, and theskills used to make them,
almost certainly derive from the ancient Viking tradition.
16 What does the speaker say about the Viking wooden churches? ? 17 What is special about most of the Viking wooden churches? ? 18 Why were the Viking churches constructed from wood? ?
Recording 2
In last weeks lecture, we discussed the characteristics of thenewly born offspring of several mammals.
You probably remember that human infants are less developedphysically than other mammals of the same age.
But in todays lecture, well look at three very interesting studiesthat hint at the surprising abilities of human babies.
In the first study, 3-year-olds watch two videos shown side byside,
each featuring a different researcher, one of whom theyd met once,two years earlier.
The children spent longer watching the video showing the researcherthey hadnt met.
This is consistent with young childrens usual tendency to looklonger at things that arent familiar. And really this is amazing! !
It suggests the children remembered the researcher theyd met justone time when they were only one-year-olds.
Of course, as most of us forget memories from our first few yearsas we grow older,
these early long-term memories will likely be lost in subsequentyears. Our second study is about music.
For this study researchers played music to babies through speakerslocated on either side of a human face.
They waited until the babies got bored and inverted their gaze fromthe face. And then they changed the mood of the musiceither from sad tohappy, or the other way around. ---
This mood switch made no difference to the 3-month-olds, 3
but for the 9-month-olds it was enough to renew their interest andthey started looking again in the direction of the face. 9
This suggests that babies of that age can tell the differencebetween a happy melody and a sad tune.
Our final study is from 1980, but its still relevant today. 1980
In fact, its one of the most famous pieces of research about infantemotion ever published.
The study involved ordinary adults watching video clips of babies9-month or younger. 9
In the video clips, the babies made various facial expressions inresponse to real life events,
including playful interactions and painful ones.
The adult observers were able to reliably discern an assortment ofemotions on the babies faces.
These emotions included interest, joy, surprise, sadness, anger,disgust, contempt, and fear.
Next week, well be looking at this last study more closely.
In fact, we will be viewing some of the video clips from thatstudy. And together, see how well we do in discerning the babies emotions.
19 What are the three interesting studies about? ?
20 What does the second study find about 9-month-old babies? 9? 21 What is the 1980 study about? 1980?
Recording 3
Today Id like to talk about the dangers of being too collaborative. Being a good team player is a central skill in our modernworkplace. The ability to work well with others and collaborate on projects isa sought-after ability in nearly every position.
However, placing too much emphasis on being a good team player cannegatively affect your career growth. Dont be overly focused on gaining consensus. Dont be too concerned with the opinions of others. This can hinder your ability to make decisions,
speak up and gain recognition for your individual skills andstrengths. Some people are too subordinate to others opinions,
too focused on decision consensus, too silent about their own pointof view, too agreeable to take things on when they dont have time or energy. This leads to building a brand of underconfident, submissive,low-impact non-leaders and hampers their growth and career advancement.
Collaboration certainly makes your individual competencies andcontributions more difficult for outsiders to identify.
Collaborative projects mean youre sharing the spotlight withothers. Outsiders may then find it difficult to determine yourcontributions and strengths.
This may end up costing you opportunities for promotions or payraises. You certainly shouldnt ditch teamwork, but how can you avoid thehazards of being an over-collaborator? ?
Working in a team can have huge benefits.
Your team may have repeated successes and often gain recognition.
You then have more opportunities to expand your professionalnetwork than if you worked alone.
However, finding a balance between team efforts and individualprojects that give you independent recognition is important for making aname for yourself and providing opportunities for advancement. Be selective in who you work with.
This will maximize the benefits and minimize the downsides of beinga team player.
Collaborate with people who have complementary expertise. Select projects where theres potential for mutual benefit.
Perhaps youre bringing your unique knowledge and gaining access tosomeone elses professional network.
Or maybe youre able to learn a new skill by working with someone.
Seek out your teammates purposefully rather than jumping on everynew group project opportunity.
When were too collaborative, we want everyone to agree with adecision before we proceed.
This can create unnecessary delays as you hold meetings trying toachieve
consensus.
Its fine to be collaborative when seeking input,
but put a deadline on the input stage and arrive at a decision, even if its a decision that doesnt have consensus.
22 What does the speaker say about being over collaborative? ? 23 What does the speaker say about people engaged in collaborativeprojects? ?
24 How do people benefit from working in a team? ?
25 Why is it undesirable to spend too much time trying to reachconsensus? ?
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