从近几年的高考英语试题中可发现高考命题非常重视对常用词汇较少使用意义的考查，这一点可以从单项选择和完形填空中均可看出。很多考生因不懂这些熟词的“新含义”而出现思维堵塞的现象，这严重地影响了考生对题干乃至全文的正确理解，给他们造成了不应有的失分。英语中的一词多义现象是普遍存在的。下面举例近几年高考中出现的对这种词汇的考查： 例如：2001年全国卷中第26题：
We didn't plan our art exhibition like that but it_____ very well． A．worked out B．tried out C．went on D．carried on
正确答案为A。此处work out的词义为“（情况）发展……”、“进行……”。
2009年全国卷一：Encourage your children to try new things. But try not to_______them too hard.
A. draw?? B. strike?? C. rush?? D. push(逼迫，敦促) 本来push表示推的意思。
2009年全国卷二：If you leave the club, you will not be _______back in.
A. received? B. admitted(准许进入，准许加入俱乐部，组织等；接收入学)?? C, turned?? D. moved
admit 本来表示承认
山东卷2009：-Do you have enough to _______all your daily expenses? -Oh ,yes, enough and to spare..(闲置的，不用的，闲钱) A. cover (钱足够----之用)? B. spend?? C, fill??? D. offer
2009湖北卷：Some parents are just too protective. They want to _______their kids from every kind of danger, real or imagined.
A. spot?? B. dismiss?? C, shelter( 保护，庇护)? D. distinguish Shelter 本意：居所，住处，遮蔽物，庇护处
2008年山东卷：The fact that she never apologized________a lot about what kind of person she is .
A. says (显示，表明)?? B. talks?? C. appears?? D. declares
2008湖北卷：Though having lived abroad for years , many Chinese still ________the traditional customs.
A. perform? B. possess?? C. observe(遵守规则，法律等)?? D. support 2009年山东卷完型填空41：I can still remember he was always wearing (流露，面带)a smile and willing to help.
（2011浙江）9. The professor could tell by the _____ look in Maria’s eyes that she didn’t understand a single word of his lecture.
? A. cold ??????????????????? B. blank （“茫然的”）????? C. innocent ???????????????? D. fresh A
1．absent(熟义：adj．缺席的)
?? He looked at me in an absent way．(adj．茫然的，恍惚的) 2．abuse(熟义：v．滥用；漫骂)
She is quite a successful career woman，but actually she's much abused at home．(v．虐待) 4．ache(熟义：v．＆n．疼痛)?? He was aching for home．(v．渴望) 5. act(熟义：V．＆n．行动)
? lt takes a couple of minutes for the drug to act．(vi．起作用)
6．address(熟义：n．地址v．写地址)
?? It is said that our headmaster will address the meeting．(vt．向……发表演说； ??? 直接向…,一说话)
8. against(熟义：prep．逆着，反对；倚，靠；碰)?
? The picture looks nice against the white wall．(prep．映衬)? 9. age(熟义：n．年龄)???
? Worry aged him rapidly．(v．(使)变老) 10. air(熟义：n．空气)
? Don’t air your troubles too often．(V．抒发；倾诉；播送) Don't give yourself airs.别摆架子。
?11. alone(熟义：adv．单独地，一个人地)
? She alone was able to answer the question． (adv．仅仅，只有) 12．amount(熟义：n．量)???
? The cost amounted to$200．(v．(to)共计，达到)
? What you have said amounts to a plain refusal．(v．相当于) 13．announce(熟义：宣布)
?? A warm sunshine announces the coming of spring．(vt．显示，预告) 14．appreciate(熟义：v．欣赏；感激；感谢)
?? I appreciate that I may be wrong．(V．意识到(realize))??? 15．attend(熟义：v．出席；参加)???
?? The nurse attended to him day and night．(v．看护；治疗；陪同) 16．accompany(熟义：vt．陪伴；伴奏)
?? Strong winds accompanied the heavy rain．(v．伴随) 17．allow(熟义：v．允许)
?? This chance will allow them to have a better understanding of a foreign culture. 18．approach(熟义：vt．靠近；接近)
?? I approached him about filling the manager's job．(v．接洽；建议；要求) 19. available(熟义：adj．可得到的；可找到的)
??? The worthy professor is now available． (adj．(人)有空的) ????????????????????????????? B 20．become(熟义：v．变得，变成)
Her new hat certainly becomes her．(vt．适于，适合) What has become of him?=What has happened to him? 21．behavior(熟义：n．举止；行为)
The behavior 0f this computer is moderately good．(n．性能，特点) 22．blank(熟义：adj．空白的n．空白)
The stranger returned my greeting with a blank look．(adj．没表情的；空虚的；没兴趣的) I call not think where I've left my umbrella；my mind's a complete blank!(n．记忆中的空白，遗忘)
My mind went blank.
23．blue(熟义：adj．＆n．蓝色)
His songs always make me feel blue．(adj．忧伤的) 24. bare(adj．熟义：裸露的)??
He likes to bare his heart／soul with his close friends．(vt．向某人袒露心声)
25．bear(熟义：vt．忍受；容忍)
??? He was badly wounded in the war and still bears the sears．(v．显示；带有) ?? These columns bear the weight of the roof. 这些柱子支承着屋顶的重量。 bear sth in mind记住...
26．bound(熟义：a由．一定会)
??? I don't like being desk-bound all day．(adj．受…约束的)
Although the study is bound to attract public attention, caution is needed. 虽然研究必定很吸引公众注目，但谨慎是必要的。 ?????????????????????? C 27． cause(熟义：v．致使)?
??? We are struggling for revolutionary cause．(n．事业) 28．celebrate(熟义：vt．庆祝)?
??? He celebrated her for her courage．(vt．称颂，赞扬) 29．climate(熟义：n．气候)
??? The cultural climate here is somehow a little upsetting．(n．风气；思潮；倾向) 30．cloudy(熟义：adj．阴的，多云的)???
??? Who did it still remains cloudy．(adj．不明朗的，不清晰的) 31．coach(熟义：n．教练)???
??? She coached me in English．(v．辅导，指导) 32．count(熟义：n．&v．计算，数)
??? (1)There are 10 people in the classroom counting two teachers．(vt．包括)
??? (2)It is not how much you read but what you read that counts．(vt．有价值，重要) ??? (3)She was counted among the greatest dancers．(vt．以为，视为)? 33．couple(熟义：n．一对，一双；一对夫妇或情侣)
??? The dining car was coupled onto the last coach(车厢)．(v．联合，连接) 34．course(熟义：n．课程；过程)
??? The main course was a vegetable stew．(n．一道菜) 35．cross(熟义：v．跨越，横穿n．十字)
?Don't be cross with him——after all，he meant to help．(adj．生气的) 36．case(熟义：n．情况；状况)
??? There are three cases of fever in school．(n．病例；案例) 37．casual(熟义：adj．偶然的；随意的)???
??? He was employed as a casual laborer．(adj．临时的) 38．cater(熟义：v．为社交活动提供饮食；承办酒席)?
??? TV must cater for many different tastes．(v．满足需要；迎合) 39．challenge(熟义：v．挑战)
??? I challenged him to a game of chess (v．强烈建议某人干某事) 40．chance(熟义：n．机会)???
??? She chanced to be in when he called．(V．碰巧) 41．charge(熟义：v．索价，收费；指控；控告;充电) 42．clean(熟义：adj．干净的)
? ??I clean forgot about it.(adv．彻底地；完全地) 43．consume(熟义：vt．消耗；消费)???
??? The fire soon consumed the old wooden buildings in the neighborhood．(Vt．烧毁；毁灭) 44.Cloud vt.?
Tears clouded his eyes.
?????????????????????????????????? ?D 44．damage(熟义：v．&n．损坏)???
??? He claimed $7000 damages from the taxi company．(n．赔偿金(复数)=compensation) 45．dawn(熟义：n拂晓v．破晓，天亮)
??? The truth began to dawn on him．(v．开始明白) 46．desert(熟义：n．沙漠)
??? He deserted his wife and children and went abroad．(V．抛弃，离弃) ?47．develop(熟义：v．发展；开发；研制) ??? Did you have the films developed?(v：冲印) ?? ?develop a disease／a habit(v．逐渐形成)
??? sure enough，most of the plants developed the disease(vt．患病；出现问题) ?48．difficult(熟义：adj．困难的) ? (adj.难以取悦的，不易满足的)
?49．dismiss．(熟义：v．解雇，开除)???
??? He just laughed and dismissed my suggestion as unrealistic．? (v．拒绝考虑(某观点等)) ?50．drive(熟义：v．驾驶)
??? Hunger drove her to steal．(V．迫使某人(做不好或不快的事)) 51．divorce(熟义：v．与某人离婚)
??? You cann’t divorce science from ethical questions．(v．使分离；使脱离) 52．draw(熟义：v．画；拖；拉)
??? What moral are we to draw from the story?(v．获得，取得，推断出) ???????????????? ??????E 53．engage(熟义：、rt．从事)
??? A personal computer engages his interest now．(vt吸引) 54．excuse(熟义：n．借口v．原谅)
He was excused from piano practice．(v．免除某人的职责) 55．express(熟义：v．表达)
?? His express wish was that you should come here by air．(adj．明确的) ?? Is there an express from Nanjing to Shahgllai?(n．快车) ? express mail快递
56．encourage(熟义:vt．鼓励；激励)
??? Good health encourages clear thinking．(v．促进，助长，刺激) 57．escape(熟义：v．逃跑；逃脱)?
His name escapes me for the moment．(v．被忘掉；被忽视) 58．explode(熟义：v．爆炸爆裂)
???? I'm about to explode!He broke my violin．(v．勃然大怒；大发雷霆)? 59．exploit(熟义:V．开发；开采；剥削)
???? You must exploit every opportunity to learn new things．(v．利用) ?????????????????????????? F 60．fail(熟义：v．失败)
???? Our water supply failed．(v．不足；缺乏)
???? He is failing in health．／His health is failing．(v．衰退，衰弱) ???? He failed to lend her a hand．(v．未能) ???? Words failed him．(vt．使失望；有负于)?? 61．fill(熟义：v．填满)
???? His answer did not fill our need．(vt．满足) 62．fine(熟义：adj．美好的，很棒的，晴朗的)
???? There's a fine distinction between the meanings of the two words．(adj．微妙的)? ’ ???? The man will get a fine if he parks the car there．(n．罚款) 63．fond(熟义：adj.自由的，喜欢的；慈爱的；深情的) ??? Fond parents will spoil their child．(adj．溺爱的) 64．force(熟义：vt．强迫)??
??? The policeman forced the knife from the criminal's hand．(vt．夺取) 65．foreign(熟义：adj．外国的；外交的)
??? The subject is foreign to me．(adj．不熟悉的)
??? Telling lies is foreign to her nature．(adj．和……格格不人) 66．form．(熟义：vt．形成)
??? I cannot form an opinion about it．(vt．想出) 67．freeze(熟义：v．结冰，凝固)
??? Freeze!Or I'll shoot．(v．不许动)???
68．fly(熟义：v．飞；飞翔；飞彤n．苍蝇)
??? The children flew to meet their mother．(v．疾驰；疾行) 69．fresh(熟义：adj．新鲜的)
??? She is quite fresh to office work．(adj．无经验的) ????????????????????????????????????? G 70．gain(熟义：v．获得；赢得)
??? Don't worry．My watch gains．We still have time．(v．(钟表)快) ??? The ear gained speed gradually．(vt．增加(速度，重量)) 71．ground(熟义：n．地面)??v.以...为基础
??? He has strong grounds for more money．(n．理由) ???? His arguments are grounded in facts. 72．glare(熟义：v．怒目而视)
??? The sun glared out of? the blue sky．(v．发出刺眼的光)??? 73．govern(熟义：v．管理；控制)??
??? The law of supply and demand governs the prices of goods．(vt．影响；支配) 74．Grow up(熟义：长大；成熟)???
??? A warm friendship grew up between the two men．(逐渐发展；形成) ??????????????????????????? H 75．hit(熟义：v。击中，打击)???
?? The film Hero by Zhang Yimou is quite a hit of this year．(n．成功；红极一时的人或事) 76．hold(熟义：vt．握住，抓住；抱住)
?? His promise still holds．(vi：适用，有效)?? ?? hold true?有效；适用于（hold true for...） ? Many people hold that...?????? 认为... ??????????????????????????????? ?I
77．ill(熟义：adj．生病的)??
?? It's no good speaking ill of others．(adj．&adv．坏的／地)??? 78. industry(熟义：n．工业；产业)
?? His Success was due to industry．(n．努力；勤勉) 79．interest(熟义：n．兴趣)?
?? Our family has an interest in the business．(n．利益；股份)?? 80．invent(熟义：v．发明)
?? He invented an excuse for his being late．(y．捏造，虚构) 81．invite(熟义：v．邀请)
?? Don't leave the window open—it's inviting thieves to enter．(V．吸引) ?? The dishes are really inviting．(adj．诱人的) 82．inspire(熟义：v：激励；鼓舞)
??? His best music was inspired by the memory of his mother．(V．启发) ????????????????????????????????? J 83．jam(熟义：n．果酱)
?? He jammed four apples in his pocket．(Vt．塞进)
?? The accident jammed the main road for2 hours。(vt．堵塞) ?? There are traffic jams every day on this road．? (n．．堵塞) 84．jump(熟义：v．＆n．跳)
?? Last week the? price of goods jumped．(n．／v．大幅度上涨) 85．just(熟义：adv．正好；恰好)? ? You are a just person．(adj．公正的) ??????????????????????????????? K 86．kid(熟义：n．小孩)
? Take it easy．I'm just kidding．(v．开玩笑；欺骗)??? 87．kill(熟义：v．杀掉；害死)
? That guy hangs? around all day long，killing time．(V．消磨(时间)) ????????????????????????? L
88．late(熟义：adj．迟到的／地；晚的／地)
?? She missed her late husband very much．(adj．已故的) 89. lecture(熟义：v．／n．讲课；演讲)?? ?? Do stop lecturing me．(V．训斥；教训) 90．lift(熟义：v．拾高)
? Can yougive me a lift?(n．搭便车) ?? His report gave us a lift．(n．鼓舞) 91．lose(熟义：V．失去；丢掉)???
??? Please hurry!My watch loses 10 minutes．(vi．(钟表)慢(与gain相对)) 92．lot(熟义：n．量，批)???
??? It is difficult for us to find a parking lot outside some shopping centrbs．(n．作某种用途的场地)
93. lay(熟义：vt．放置；产卵；下蛋)
The foundations of? the house are being laid today．(v．铺；铺设) lay stress/emphasis /a ban on sth 94．1ast(熟义：adj．最后的)??
??? He is the last man I want to see。他是我最不想见的人。(adj．最不...的) ????????????????????????? ????M?
95. marry(熟义：v．结婚，与某人结婚)
??? This poem marries theme and style well．(V．使紧密结合，使混为一体) 96. mean(熟义：v．意思是，意味着)
??? It's mean of you to eat up all the apples．(adj．自私的，卑鄙的，吝啬的) 97. mend(熟义：v．修理；修补)??
??? The patient is still mending slowly after the operation．(v．痊愈；改善) 98. message(熟义：n．信息，口信)
??? I'd like to see a film with a message．(n.教益，寓意)． 99．might(熟义：modal v．或许)
??? I use all my might to open the door．(n．力量，权威) 100．multiply(熟义：乘；v．乘以；繁殖)
???? We can multiply our chances of success．(v．成倍增加；迅速增加) ?? ??????????????????????N 101．note(熟义：n．笔记)???
??? Learn the notes by heart．(n．台词)
??? I noted that her hands were dirty．(v．注意，特别指出，提及) ?? compare notes 交流思想 ??????????????????????????O
102. open(熟义：v．开aaj．开着，打开的)
???? They left the matter open．(adj．(问题，议事等)未解决的)， 103. operate(熟义：Vi．机器运转工作；做手术) ???? The medicine operated quickly．(vi．起作用)? 104. otherwise(熟义：adv．否则；要不然)
???? (adv．在其他方面)? unless otherwise stated 除非另有说明， ?? I?think?he?intends?otherwise.? ?? 我认为他另有打算。
???????????????????????????????? P 105. part(熟义：n．部分；零件，角色)
In order to raise money，he had to part with some of his most treasured possessions．(v.分手；放弃；卖掉)??
106．position(熟义：n．位置；职位)．???
??? What’s your position on the problem?(n．立场；观点) 107．promise(熟义：v．＆n．许诺)
??? The dark clouds promise rain．(v．有…的希望；使…有可能) 108．pronounce(熟义：v．发音)
The judge pronounced against her appeal．(v．宣称；宣布；判决) 109. put up(熟义：建设；张贴)
Could you put me up for the night?(留某人住宿)
110. pick up(熟义：拾起，捡起；偶然发现；弄到手；听到，得到(情报，知识)；康复， 增加(速度)??
Trains picked up the timber workers working in the forest farm every day．(用车接某人) 111. possess(熟义：拥有)
A violent anger possessed him．(vt．(感情，情绪等)支配；控制) ???????????????????????? R
112．rate(熟义：n．比率，速度)?
??? These potatoes rate among the best．(v．对……作出评价；被认为，被评价为) 113．read(熟义：v．阅读)
??? I didn't read mother's thouglts at that time．(v．理解；领会) 114. reflect(熟义：v．映出；反射；表现)?
??? I need time to reflect on your offer．(v．沉思；思考(on／upon)) 115．round(熟义：prep．＆adv．环绕，围着adj．圆形的)
??? We are losing the game in the last round due t0 our complacency．(n．回合；局；轮；) 116．recover(熟义：v．恢复健康；痊愈)
He almost fell, but succeeded in recovering himself．(v．恢复；重新控制) 117．refresh(熟义：vt．使恢复精力)
??? Her words refreshed my memory．(、rt．提醒；提示；使想起；重新斟满；刷新) 118．relate(熟义：v．与一有关；相关)?
??? I related my adventure to my family．(v．讲述) 119．remote(熟义：adj偏远的；偏僻的)
??? He is a remote relative of mine．(adj．关系较远的；远亲的) 120．repair(熟义v．／n．修理)???
??? How can I repair the damage I have caused?(v．补救；弥补) 121．respect(熟义：vt。／n尊敬；敬意)
??? He has no respect for the feelings of others．(五重视；尊重；维护) 122．review(熟义：vt．复习)
??? She reviewed what had happened．(vt．回顾) s
123．safe(熟义：adj．安全的)
??? He is a safe man。You can count on him．(adj．谨慎的；不冒险的) 124．say(熟义：vt．说)
??? Say that war breaks out，what will you do?(vt．假定，显示，表明) 125．see(熟义：vL看到)???
??? This century has seen two world wars．(vt．有--的经验，经历，体验) 126．shoulder(熟义：n．肩膀)
??? Young people should learn to shoulder the duty／blame．(v．承担) 127．sound(熟义：n．声音)
??? It is important to have a sound body．(adj．健全的) My wife is a sound sleeper．(adj．酣睡的) Your idea is very sound.中肯的，合理的
128. spare(熟义：adj.多余的；备用的；空余的v：吝惜；拨出，抽出) He spared the thief．(v．饶恕；放过)??? 129. spring(熟义：n．春天；泉水)???
Fast food restaurants are spring up all over the city.(v．猛然跳起；涌出) 130. steal(熟义：v．偷)
??? He stole a glance of her in the mirror．(v．快速或偷偷地取得) 131. strength(熟义：n．力气)
??? Maths is not my strength．(n．强项,优点，优势)??? 132. succeed(熟义：v．成功) ? (v．继承)??? (v．继任)
134. surprise(熟义： V．&t使惊讶，惊奇)
??? Our troops surprised the enemy in the midnight．(v．出奇不意地袭击或发现) 135. sympathy(熟义：n.同情)
??? Annie's sympathies lie firmly with the workers．(n．(p1．)赞同，支持) 136．satisfy(熟义：v．使满意；使满足)
??? She satisfied her hunger with an apple．(v．满足要求或需要等)? 、 137．subject(熟义：n．话题)
The child is subjected? to colds．(adj．易遭受…的) subject sb to sth=expose sb to sth 使遭受，使经历 systematic 蓄意的
???????????????????????????????? T 138．tie(熟义：vt．栓，系)
??? They tied with the visiting team in the game．(vi．打成平手) 139．twist(熟义：v．使弯曲变形)(v．(道路，河流等)曲折；蜿蜒) 140．travel(熟义：v．／n／旅行)
??? The? news traveled? fast.(v．以某速度传播) ????????????????????????????? U
141．undertake(熟义：v．承担；从事)???
??? I can't undertake that you will make a profit．(v．承诺；允诺；答应) ????????????????????????????? V
?142．vote(熟义：n．&v．投票，表决) ??? I vote that we go home．(V．(口语)建议)
143．vain(熟义：adj．徒然的；徒劳的；无结果的)
??? She is vain of her beauty．(adj．自负的；自视过高的) ????????????????????????????? W
144．walk(熟义：v．&n．行走；步行)
??? This society welcomes people from all walks 0f life．(n．行业(walk of life)) ???? He is walking his dog.(vt.溜)
145. wander(熟义：v．漫游；游荡；漫步)
??? Don't wander from the point．(v．离开原处或正道)
??? Her thoughts wandered back to her youth．(V．走神；神志恍惚；思想开小差) 146．wear(熟义：vt．穿戴)
???? The girl always wears a happy smile．(vt．表露，流露，面带等) 147．weight(熟义：v．称……的重量；重达)
?? ??Please weigh the advantages and disadvantages of doing this!(v：权衡；斟酌) 148．weight(熟义：n．重量)
How much weight will be attached to his decision?(n．分量，重要性) 149．will(熟义：modal v．表将来或意愿)
??? He showed great strength of will．(n．意志力；意愿) ??? Where there is a will,there is a way. (n．意志力；意愿) Will 还可以作为“遗嘱”
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