高考完形填空解题技巧及分析
一、完形填空要考查的几个方面：
1．根据上下文语境来确定最佳选项 近年来的完形填空试题在选项的设置上越来越淡化语法结构，重在文意的干扰，即把具体的语言知识溶进具体的语言情景中去，考查考生通过上下文的前后提示或暗示，对整体文意进行把握的能力。若单纯从句子或个别段落来分析，或许所给的四个答案在语法和结构上都是正确的，若放在全局，则不一定正确。因此，快速浏览全文，领悟文章主旨，看清上下文，找准定位词充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。这些词有时可能是同义词或反义词并通过上下文的语境来选择答案是解决这类题的关键。
例如：
1) Some parts of the water are very shallow. But in some places it is very very＿＿＿＿＿.
2) A. deep B. high C. cold D. dangerous
3) Mrs O’Neill asked＿＿＿＿＿questions and she didn’t scold us either.
A. no B. certain C. many D. more
分析：
1) 根据转折连词but的提示，所填入的词应与shallow相反，因此答案为A。
2) and是一个并列连词；either为副词，用在否定句或否定词后加强语势，由此可以确定所填的词也应是一个否定意义的词，因此答案是A。
练习1：I climbed the stairs slowly, carrying a big suitcase, my father following with two more. By the time I got to the third floor, I was 1 and the same time feeling lonely. Worse still, Dad 2 a step and fell, sending my new suitcase 3 down the stairs.
1. A. helpless B. lazy C. anxious D. tired
2. A. took B. minded C. missed D. picked
3. A. rolling B. passing C. dropping D. turning
分析：
在把握上文“我提着衣箱缓慢地上楼梯”的情况下，可知1题答案为D，即当我到达三楼时，已经很累了；再从爸爸“提着两只衣箱跟在我后面”以及下文的信息词“fell”可知此句的意思是：爸爸少跨了一步摔倒了，衣箱滚下了楼梯。因此2、3题的答案分别为C、A，尽管其它选项在语法上均无错误。
练习2：But Ella Fant, who was filed with 1 , shouted at the top of her voice, “Look at 2 ! They‘re all out of 3 except my John! Isn’t he the best﹗”
1. A. sadness B. happiness C. surprise D. regret
2. A. them B. those C. that D. him
3. A. sight B. order C. mind D. step
分析：考虑上下文的语境，第一个空的后边既然“是声嘶力竭的喊叫”就不能是A、D项，特别是通过最后一句Isn't he the best!推知母亲此时的感觉是“幸福”的。所以1题的答案选B。2题的答案选A。them是因为其后用了they're。3题通过全篇语境知道此时描述的游行队伍里一个人的步伐与其他人的不同，答案应与“步伐”有关，所以答案选D。
练习3：Are you a man or a mouse? When people ask this question they want to know whether you think you are a 1 person or a coward(懦夫). But you’ll never really know the answer to this question until you are tested in real life. Some people 2 they are brave but when they come face to face with real 3, they act like cowards. Others think of themselves as cowards, but when they meet danger, they act like 4.
1. A. brave B. real C. hard D. certain
2. A. realize B. find C. think D. agree
3. A. life B. question C. mouse D. danger
4. A. soldiers B. mice C. heroes D. cowards
2．根据生活常识及文化背景知识进行逻辑推理NMET完形填空往往以自身的内容提
供完整的语篇信息，其间交织渗透着各类相关的文化背景知识和生活常识，考查考生灵活运用该方面知识的能力。解决这类题目，考生不仅要有广博的知识、丰富的生活经历，还要能够驾驭全文，不仅理解文章的表层意义，而且要弄清文章的深层意义。当对语言的把握不很准确时，可充分利用社会文化知识和生活常识来帮助判断。
例如，了解生活常识，确定相关知识。
Immediately, the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to the＿＿＿＿＿hospital.
A. animal B. biggest C. plant D. nearest
分析：在这样的紧急情况下，人们的第一个反应是到最近的医院就医，因此答案为D。
练习1：It was an early morning in summer. In the streets, sleepy-eyed people were moving quickly, heading towards their 1 . This was the beginning of another 2 day in New York City.
1. A. jobs B. homes C. buses D. offices
2. A. working B. hot C. same D. ordinary
分析：从信息词“early morning”和“sleepy-eyed”来判断，B. homes不符合逻辑，按生活经验，他们是去上班。这时有些考生也许会认为，既然上班，就要去“挤公交车”或“去办公室”。但上班的方式也有步行的、骑车的或坐地铁的，也有自己开车去的。人们上班有去农场的、煤矿的，还有去工厂车间的，不一定去办公室。因此，C和D不符
合生活实际。1题只有A才是最合乎逻辑的选项，人们起床后，各自奔向自己的工作岗位。而这种情况是天天发生，是平平常常的，因此2题答案是D。
练习2：Every morning she would give him breakfast 29 bed and bring him the papers to 30 . 29. A. to B. at C. in D. by
30. A. check B. read C. keep D. sign
分析：29题的答案是C，bed的前面应当用介词in。至于30题，就要用到相应的文化背景知识：外国人有早上读报的习惯，句中papers即报纸（newspapers）。这是理解文章细节的关键。有了这些文化背景知识，便可迅速推断出最佳选项B。因为生活中过分溺爱孩子的母亲，让儿子“在床上”吃早饭，“读”早报是很自然的事情，这也正与文章的主旨相吻合。
3．考查根据词语的习惯用法和固定搭配来选择答案注意固定的搭配，包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。 解决这类题目要求考生多读、多记，对所学习短语或固定搭配牢固掌握，并能灵活运用。
例如：
Here’s a fellow who just walked into a bank and helped himself＿＿＿so much money.
A. for B. by C. to D. of
分析：表示“自取，随便拿”这个意义的短语是help oneself to…。故答案为C。
练习1：Mrs. Clark was 38 tea at the time.
38. A. cooking B. making C. burning D. serving
分析：从动词与名词的搭配关系角度考虑，“沏茶”用make tea, “上茶”用serve the tea,这是语言使用过程当中约定俗成的习惯用法，所以该题正确答案是B，考生也不应受汉语思维习惯的影响而误选A。
练习2：The other day I was sitting in a small restaurant 1 a quiet drink and a talk with a few friends when it suddenly 2 me that almost everyone in the restaurant was smoking. It wasn’t long 3 the whole room was filled with smoke.
1. A. have B. had C. having D. have had
2. A. seemed B. struck C. Sank D. showed
3. A. ago B. after C. before D. Now
分析：1题选C，是因为它这里是表伴随。2题选B是因为struck的意思有”使……想到”,其它几个意思不符，搭配也不合理。3题选C，it isn’t long before是一个固定搭配的句型。
练习3：… , what they expected of friends, what they were willing to give in
return, and how satisfied they were 1 the quality of their friendships.
A. about B. of C. with D. by
Unlike other social roles that we are expected to 2 —as citizens, employees, members of professional societies and other organizations.
2. A. keep B. do C. show D. play
4．根据词汇的意义及用法辨析词义从而确定答案完形填空题的考查虽然越来越淡化语法，但对语言点的考查依然存在，不过主要体现在词汇搭配和语义辨析两个方面。要做好这种题目，必须尽量将词语辨析与情节推理和逻辑推理结合起来，从词汇意义入手，抓住情节线索解决问题。例如：
Soon I heard a＿＿＿like that of a door burst in and then a climb of feet.
A. sound B. cry C. voice D. shout
分析：选项中的四个词都表示不同的声音，但B、C、D项的三个词都是指从嗓子里发出的声音，而sound则表示各种各样的声音。因此答案是A。
练习1：Dad taught me a lot about life, especially its hard times. I remembered one of his 1 , one night when I was ready to quit (退出) a political campaign（运动）I was losing, and wrote about it in my diary.
Tired, feeling the months of 2 , I went up to my study to make some notes.
1. A. classes B. advice C. lessons D. talks
2. A. struggle B. working C. battle D. defence
分析：class（课；班级；阶级）；advice（忠告，建议，不可数名词）；lesson（课程；教训）；talk（谈话；讲演）。根据短文中提供的信息，应该是作者准备退出一场失败了的政治活动时，父亲“教训”了他一顿，所以1题的答案是C。2题的选项B. working（工作；劳动）, D. defence（防卫；辩护）明显不合乎逻辑；struggle意为“斗争；战争”；battle是指大型战役中的小规模“战斗”。作者在这次政治活动中经历了数月的艰辛，为争取某种权利而进行了艰苦的“斗争”，根据文章的情节线索我们可以确定最佳选项是A。这两个题的解决都借助了词义的辨析，同时也离不开对短文情节发展的把握。
练习2：She noticed how nervous he was and suggested he should stand near the stage where he could watch and follow the play. It was a good 1 of getting rid of his nervousness, she said. She was right, it seemed to 2 .
A. idea B. way C. path D. plan
A. do B. win C. work D. act
分析：句中“她”注意到“他”很紧张，建议“他”观看表演以消除紧张。显然，“她”所建议的是一种消除紧张的“方法”。1题的四个选项：idea（想法，意见）；way（路线；方法）；path（小路；路线）；plan（计划，规划） 中只有B选项有此含义，无疑是最佳答案。紧接下来的一句话是“她说得对，这个方法似乎有效。”2 题的四个选项：do（做；尽力）；win（获胜；夺得）；work（工作；起作用）；act（行动；表演）中只有C选项有
“奏效”这个含义，自然应该是最佳答案。这两个题的解答也是在考虑上下文的前提下，从词汇意义入手的。
5．考查学生根据语篇结构判断推理前后关系——寻求上下逻辑，从容确定关系
It has been many years since I was last in London ______ I still remember something that happened during that visit.
A. and B. for C. but D. as
分析：根据句前的many years和句后的still remember答案应选表示转折的连词but。
练习1：…Plenty of books show children how to deal with money matters. 2 , parents may also consider having children present when they pay bills. Children learn by example.
2. A. Therefore B. Besides C. However D. Instead
As a teenager, I felt I was always letting people down. I was rebellious(反判的) on the outside, 3 on the inside, I wanted people to like me.
3. A. and B. but C. as D. for
练习2：… All he wanted in life was to be safe and healthy. 4 , on January 15th, 2002, a plane crashed into the Potomac River in Washington. …
4. A. So B. Therefore C. Then D. Actually
练习3：…all my friends and teachers were listening to her 3 she was a great heroine. I was proud of my grandma and hoped she would never know that I had been ashamed of her.
3. A. and then B. even if C. so that 二、完型填空考查综合运用语言的能力：
1) 词语辨析能力
2) 语法结构分析能力
3) 语篇理解能力
4) 逻辑推理能力
5) 文化背景透析能力
6) 作者意图剖析能力
7) 生活常识综合运用能力
三、总结----解此类题主要从以下四步做起：
D. as if
第一步：重视首句，把握开篇。完形填空一般无标题，首句一般不留空白，是完整的一句，
全文信息从此开始。细读首句，可判断文章体裁，预测全文大意和主旨。
第二步：速读全文，掌握大意。速读全文要一气呵成，尽管有空格、生词或不明白的地方， 词， 度
仍要快速读下去。读时要注意找出关键词、中心词，划出某些代表人物和情节的以便于形成思路。要注意不要在未掌握大意的基础上，边阅读，边做题，这样速
慢、准确率低。
第三步：瞻前顾后，灵活答题。“瞻前顾后”，即先读所填词的句子，回顾上一句，兼顾下一 时试填，
句。如果一句中有两个空白待填，在初定答案时要“双管齐下”，在两处同然后通读全句，确定答案。
答题方法：1）择优法：根据文章及结构边读边填，如果能够立刻判定最佳答案的，
不必再去逐个考证其余答案。
2）排除法：如答案一时难以确定，可按空格位置，从语法结构、词语搭配、上下
文语境、习惯用法、词义辨析等方面，对选项逐项分析试填。排除干扰项，从而确定正确答案。
第四步：复核全文，调整答案。把填好的短文通读一遍，进行核查同时注意以下三点：
1．上下文的一致性：即时态语态的一致；代词、名词、单复数的一致。
2．从语法和惯用法及习惯搭配、甚至语感入手，看是否符合上下文的逻辑。
3．段与段、句与句之间的衔接是否连贯。
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