非谓语动词的形式变化：
不定式 主 动 被 动
一 般 to write to be written
进 行 完 成 完成进行 现 在 分 词 一 般 完 成 过去分词 一般 动名词 一般 to be writing
to have written to have been written
to have been writing
主 动 被 动
writing being written
having written having been written 主动 被 动
written
主动 被 动
writing being written
完成 having written having been written
●动 词 不 定 式：
动词不定式是由 to + 动词原形构成，在句中起名词，形容词和副词的作用，可以担任除谓语以外的其它任何成分。
1. 动词不定式作主语：
To teach English is my favorite. It's my pleasure to help you.
动词不定式作主语时可以放在后面，而用 it 作形式主语放在原主语的位置上。
It's very kind of you to have given us much help.
，
你给了我们那么多的帮助真是太好了。
It's necessary to find the witness. 有必要找到目击者。
2. 动词不定式作宾语：
某些及物动词可以用动词不定式作宾语，这些动词有decide, begin, help, begin, want, wish, like, forget, learn, ask.
3. 动词不定式作宾语补语 。
We expect you to be with us. 我们希望你和我们在一起。
Please ask him to come here quickly.请叫他快过来。
4. 动词不定式作表语 ：
What I should do is to finish the task soon. 我应该做的是赶快完成任务。
The most urgent thing is to find the boy immediately. 当务之急是马上去找孩子。
5. 动词不定式作定语：
There are many ways to solve the problem. 有许多方法能解决这个问题。
I have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事情要告诉你。
6. 不定式作状语：
We went to the hospital to see our teacher. 我们去医院看了我们的老师。
She is making a test to get a kind of useful medicine from a Tibet flower.
她在做试验，从一种西藏花中提取某种有用的药物。
动词不定式的否定形式：
not + to + 动词原形
The teacher told us not to swim in that river.
[
老师告诉我们不要在那条河里游泳。
It's unfair not to tell us. 没告诉我们真是不公平。
带疑问词的不定式：
疑问词who, what,which,when, where, how, why 可以加在不定式的前面，构成不定式短语，使含义更加具体。
Where to go is not known yet.去什么地方还不知道。
I don't know when to begin. 我不知道什么时间开始。
Can you tell me where to get the battery.
你能告诉我哪儿能买到电池吗
Do you know how to get to the station. 你知道怎样去车站吗
带逻辑主语的不定式：
》
动词不定式可以带有自己的逻辑主语，构成方法是： for + 逻辑主语 + 不定式。
注意：逻辑主语用宾格形式， for 本身无实际意义，它只表明后面的主语从逻辑上分析是不定式的主语。
It's necessary for us to help each other. 我们互相帮忙是必要的。
There are much work for me to finish, 有许多工作要我去完成。
动词不定式的被动形式： 表示不定式动词同所修饰的名词是被动关系 。
He is the man to be examined. 他是受检查的人。
There are much work to be done. 有好多工作要做。
● 动 名 词
动名词是由动词原形 + ing 构成，同现在分词形式一样，在句中可作主语， 宾语，表语和定语。
1) 动名词作主语：
;
Talking like that is not polite. Learning from others is important .
（注：动名词可以象动词不定式一样，用 it 先行祠代替， 而把动名词写在后面。
It's no use waiting here, let's go home. It's very difficult climbing this mountain.
2) 动名词作表语
The nurse's job is looking after the patients. Seeing is believing.
3) 动名词作宾语
有些动词须用动名词来作宾语,是begin, mind, suggest, finish, stop, need, enjoy, miss, keep.
Please stop smoking in the house. I like reading in the forest.
4）动名词作定语 She is studying in the reading room. He slept in the sleeping bag.
（动名词的否定形式：not + 动名词
》
He pretend not knowing it at all. 他假装全然不知。
We considered not doing it now. 我们考虑现在不做这件事 。
动名词的被动形式 ： （当动名词和它的逻辑主语是被动关系时，用动名词的被动形式来表
His being looked down upon made him sick. I can't really stand being treated like that.
.分 词
分词是由动词 +ing 或 动词 + ed 构成，它在句中起形容词或副词的作用，可以作定语，表语，状语。 working worked washing washed
分词可分为现在分词和过去分词两种，现在分词的形式同动名词一样，在动词后面加 ing 。 而过去分词的形式则在动词后面加 ed. 分词在句中可作定语，状语或表语。
1.分词作定语 China is a developing country. 2.分词作状语 Being a student, he likes to help others. 3.分词作表语 The story is interesting .
4.分词作宾语补足语 可以跟宾语补足语的谓语动词有 see, watch, hear, set, keep, find, have, get 等词。 I saw him walking in the street.
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