2012届高考英语二轮专题精品复习资料阅读理解（十七）
1
How to Be a Winner
Sir Steven Redgrave
Winner of 5 Olympic Gold Medals
“In 1997 I was found to have developed diabetes(糖尿病)．Believing my career(职业生涯) was over, I felt extremely low. Then one of the specialists said there was no reason why I should stop training and competing. That was it—the encouragement I needed. I could still be a winner if I believed in myself. I am not saying that it isn’t difficult sometimes. But I wanted to prove to myself that I wasn’t finished yet. Nothing is to stand in my way.”
Karen Pickering
Swimming World Champion
“I swim 4 hours a day, 6 days a week. I manage that sort of workload by putting it on top of my diary. This is the key to suceess—you can’t follow a career in any field without being well
organized. List what you believe you can achieve. Trust
yourself, write down your goals for the day, however small they are, and you’ll be a step closer to achieving them.”
Kirsten Best
Poet & Writer
“When things are getting hard, a voice inside my head tells me that I can’t achieve something. Then，there are other distractions,_such as family or hobbies. The key is to concentrate. When I feel tense, it helps a lot to repeat words such as‘calm’，‘peace’or‘focus’， either out loud or silently in my mind. It makes me feel more in control and increases my confidence. This is a habit that can become second nature quite easily and is a powerful psychological(心理的) tool.”
【文章大意概括】 本文叙述了三位名人在成功的道路上所经历的不同的事情，一是战胜了病痛，一定克服了精力分散的困难，一是通过坚持不懈努力，最后都取得了胜利。
1．What does Sir Steven Redgrave mainly talk about?
A. Difficulties influenced his career.
B. Specialists offered him medical advice.
C. Training helped him defeat his disease.
D. He overcame the shadow of illness to win.
【详解剖析】 推理判断题。第一部分写了Sir Steven得了糖尿病，但最终克服了病痛拿到了金牌，故D项符合题意。
【最佳选项】 D
2．What does Karen Pickering put on top of her diary?
A. Her training schedule.
B. Her daily happenings.
C. Her achievements.
D. Her sports career.
【详解剖析】 事实细节题。第二部分第二句中，it指代前面的句子内容，即她的训练计划。
【最佳选项】 A
3．What does the underlined word“distractions” probably refer to?
A. Ways that help one to focus.
B. Words that help one to feel less tense.
C. Activities that turn one’s attention away.
D. Habits that make it hard for one to relax.
【详解剖析】 猜测词义题。从下文“The key is to concentrate.”可以推出是指分散作家注意力的活动。
【最佳选项】 C
4．According to the passage，what do the three people have in common?
A. Courage. B. Devotion.
C. Hard work. D. Selfconfidence.
【详解剖析】 事实细节题。第一部分中“I could still be a winner if I believed in myself.”，第二部分中“Trust yourself...”及第三部分中“It makes me feel more in control and increases my confidence...”都表明自信是他们三个的共同之处。
【最佳选项】 D
2
People diet to look more attractive. Fish diet to avoid being beaten up, thrown out of their social group, and getting eaten as a result. That is the fascinating conclusion of the latest research into fish behavior by a team of Australian scientists.
The research team have discovered that subordinate fish voluntarily diet to avoid challenging their larger competitors. “In studying gobies we noticed that only the largest two individuals, a male and female ，had breeding(繁殖) rights
within the group, ”explains Marian Wong. “All other group members are non
breeding females, each being 5～10% smaller than its next largest competitor.
We wanted to find out how they maintain this precise size separation.”
The reason for the size difference was easy to see. Once a subordinate fish grows to within 5 10% of the size of its larger competitor，it causes a fight which usually ends in the smaller goby being driven away from the group. More often than not, the_evicted_fish_is then eaten up.
It appeared that the smaller fish were keeping themselves small in order to avoid challenging the boss fish. Whether they did so voluntarily，by restraining how much they ate, was not clear. The research team decided to do an experiment. They tried to fatten up some of the subordinate gobies to see what happened. To their surprise，the gobies simply refused the extra food they were offered，clearly preferring to remain small and avoid fights, over having a feast.
The discovery challenges the traditional scientific view of how boss individuals keep their position in a group. Previously it was thought that large individuals simply used their weight and size to threaten their subordinates and take more of the food for themselves，so keeping their competitors small.
While the habits of gobies may seem a little mysterious, Dr.Wong explains that understanding the relationships between boss and subordinate animals is important to understanding how hierarchical (等级的) societies remain stable.
The research has proved the fact that voluntary dieting is a habit far from exclusive to humans. “As yet, we lack a complete understanding of how widespread the voluntary reduction of food intake is in nature，” the researchers comment. “Data on human dieting suggests that，while humans generally diet to improve health or increase attractiveness, rarely does it improve long
term health and
males regularly prefer females that are fatter than the females’ own ideal.”
【文章大意概括】 人们节食是为了更有魅力。令鱼类专家们惊奇的是有种鱼也要节食。实验发现它们节食可不是为了美，而是为了自我保护。如果身体大小吸引到竞争者的注意，会有被殴打、驱逐，最后被吃掉的危险。
5．When a goby grows to within 5it________.
10% of the size of its larger competitor,
A. faces danger B. has breeding rights
C. eats its competitor D. leaves the group itself
【详解剖析】 推理判断题。从第三段可得知如果身体大小超过权威的规定范围，会有被殴打、驱逐最后被吃掉的危险。
【最佳选项】 A
6．The underlined words “the evicted fish” in Paragraph 3 refer to ________.
A. the fish beaten up B. the fish found out
C. the fish fattened up D. the fish driven away
【详解剖析】 猜测词义题。从本段前文可知，体积超标的鱼会被赶出鱼群。接着说到，不仅如此，这些鱼往往会被吃掉。这些鱼一定是指被驱逐的鱼。
【最佳选项】 D
7．The experiment showed that the smaller fish________.
A. fought over a feast B. went on diet willingly
C. preferred some extra food D. challenged the boss fish
【详解剖析】 事实细节题。从第四段中的试验可得知这些鱼是自愿节食。
【最佳选项】 B
8．What is the text mainly about?
A. Fish dieting and human dieting.
B. Dieting and health.
C. Human dieting.
D. Fish dieting.
【详解剖析】 主旨大意题。文章通篇都是围绕鱼的节食来叙述。故选D。
【最佳选项】 D
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