短文填空解题技巧

高考短文填空解题技巧

1.通读全文，弄清短文大意。

这一步是做好此类试题的根本，我们没有掌握短文的意思就不能写出正确答案。解答此类试题时我们应该先越过空格，通读全文，通过我们掌握的基本常识和逻辑思维了解文章的大意，理清文章的脉络，同时还要注意某些与空格有关的关键信息，为填写空格打好基础。例如：

This week, my family tried to save electricity. We never left the lights on when leaving the rooms. We switched off the TV when was watching it. Mum only used cold water in the washing machine.

通过阅读，我们知道：我家第一周计划节电，离开屋子时关灯； 时关掉电视；洗衣机里使用凉水。显然通过常识我们可以断定：我们关掉电视是在“没人”看电视的情况下，因此该空答案应该是:nobody。再如：

Mum used to us to school, but now my sister and I have started riding our bikes to school. It’s hard work but good exercise! This week dad and a few of the people he works with also started to go to work together in one car and share the cost. This should help greenhouse gases. My friend and I became volunteers at school. We help make our school more earth-friendly.

阅读此段，我们知道：母亲过去常常 我们去学校，但现在我和妹妹开始骑自行车上学，父亲也和很多人乘一辆车上班。通过短文的两处暗示：骑自行车、父亲和很多人乘一辆车上班，

我们可以判断妈妈过去是开车送我们去上学，因此答案是drive。该段最后一句的空格则可以根据以上的描述判断这样做的目的是减少(reduce)温室气体。

2.复读短文，运用技巧，前后照应，确定答案。

掌握了短文的大意，答案就有了把握，然后就是根据一定的技巧和前后信息，确定正确的答案。 ①根据句子的语法结构判断所填词是什么词类。

②根据上下文判断所填写的单词用什么形式（动词涉及时态、语态、非谓语动词等；形容词和副词涉及比较急等；名词涉及单复数；数词分基数词和序数词等等）。

③注意同义词语、形容词与副词等之间的区别。

④还要注意某些特殊的语法要求和结构。例如：

We started recycling this week. We tried to write on both sides of our paper, not just no one side. We also divided our rubbish into bags for bottles, cars, paper and food. Mum kept the plastic shopping bags from the supermarket to use them as rubbish bags. These are great ways to help our environment.

We stopped taking long baths and had short showers . We flushed the toilet with used water. When mum and dad made tea or coffee, they used water in the kettle(水壶). My sister and I didn’t leave the tap running when we brushed our teeth.

阅读此段文章第一空后面是名词，说明空格处是形容词，根据上下文我们可以填写different，如果我们不考虑这些，而填写了differently等就不会得满分。再譬如第四个空，我们要注意用little

的比较级形式less。就如上面的例子中的第一个空，used to后要求跟动词原形，用错就会丢分。

3.复读检验，消除疏漏。

答案基本确定后，我们还要再次阅读全文，认真检查是否存在疏漏，意义是否连贯，语法是否正确，是否符合逻辑，是否存在拼写错误等。由于考试时间有限，很多同学做题时比较快，往往做完后不进行仔细检查，于是会出现不应该发生的错误，这样的丢分非常可惜。

高考短文填空专项训练

Passage 1

根据短文内容，在空格处填上一个恰当地词，使短文完整、通顺。

About three years ago, I felt very lonely. I didn’t like my classmates, my parents or anyone else. My classmates didn’t want to talk 1 me and my parents were always saying that other kids were better than me. I thought I was the 2 unlucky person in the world.

One day I had a big fight with one of my classmates. I was so angry 3 I hit him in the face. Just at that moment, a boy stood up and 4 the fight. He was monitor of our class.

After that, he often helped me and we became good 5 . Whenever I got angry or sad, he would help 6 to cool down. My life began to change because of the boy, my best friend. We spent a lot of interesting days together. As 7 goes by, I have

become happier with people and things. And it 8 that people around me have changed, too. My parents don’t shout at me 9 more and my classmates become friendly to me.

But now I can’t often see my best friend because he is seriously 10 and is staying in hospital. How I miss the days when we were together! I hope he will be all right and come back to school soon.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Passage 2

根据短文内容，在空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。

Tang Ling often smoked cigarettes in his school’s washing room. He started smoking 1

the age of 14. One day he learnt that the NBA star Yao Ming, an ambassador(大使) to the Chinese Association on Tobacco Control(中国控烟协会), asked people not to smoke. Yao Ming wan Tang’s favorite star, 2 his words meant a lot him. He decided to 3 up smoking.

According to the Chinese Association on Tobacco Control, about 350 million Chinese

smoke. Among 4 , 50 million are teenagers. Sun Jiang of Beijing University said, “Teenagers can get cigarettes 5 , especially when their parents smoke or shops 6 cigarettes to them. It’s very important 7 parents to help their children stop smoking.

A 15-year-old boy named Li Kun from Beijing said his 8 didn’t smoke. Because they thought smoking could make people feel badly ill, they only allowed him to play with friends without smoking. Living in such a good family helped Li say 9 to cigarettes. Some of his smoking classmates once told Li that smoking made boys look 10 , but Li disagreed. He said, “Smoking is unhealthy and it’s not cool at all. Please stop smoking now!”

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Passage 3

根据短文内容，在空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。

What can you do keep healthy? Perhaps for children, healthy eating is one of the most important things. Here are some ideas about 1 to eat healthily.

Having breakfast

A good breakfast is very important to children. It’s necessary to have it in the

2 .But some children often go to school 3 breakfast, just because they want to sleep a little longer. Remember that a good breakfast will help you study better.

Having milk

“My dream is that all the Chinese children can get half a kilogram of milk a day.” The Chinese Premier(总理) Wen Jiabao said this during his 4 to milk farm. Milk is also very important to children’s health. It makes children grow stronger. It’s better for you to 5 a glass of warm milk 6 going to bed. That will help you have a good sleep.

Having healthy food

Having healthy food is the most important. That means eating lots of different 7 of food, especially fruits and vegetables. Don’t eat too much chocolate 8 ice-cream. Some children 9 eating fast food, but in fact it is not good for their health. Try to eat healthy food as much as 10 .

Have healthy eating habits, and you will have a strong body.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Passage 4

根据短文内容，在空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文意思完整、通顺。

Earthquakes are hard to predict, but do you know what to do before, 1 and after an earthquake? Here is some advice:

Before an earthquake

It’s necessary to prepare 2 and your family. All family members should know how to turn off gas, water and electricity and 3 useful telephone numbers(doctors, hospital, police, 119, etc.). 4 put heavy things over beds.

During an earthquake

It’s important for each of you to stay calm. If you are indoors, quickly move to a safe place in the room such as under 5 table. The purpose is to protect yourself from objects. Stay away from windows, large mirrors, heavy furniture and so on. If you’re 6 , turn off the gas. If you’re 7 , move to an open area like a playground. Move away from buildings, bridges and trees. If you are driving, stop the car as soon as 8 , stay away from bridges and tall buildings. Stay in your car.

After an earthquake

Once the shaking has stopped, DO NOT run out of the building at once. It’s better to wait and leave when it’s safe. Check around you and help the people who are in 9 . If your building is badly broken, leave it. If you smell or hear a gas, get everyone outside and open windows and doors. If you can do it 10 , turn off the gas. Report

it to the gas company.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Passage 5

根据短文内容，在空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。

We have always been interested in the moon. 2000 years ago people already knew it moved 1 the earth and where it would be in the sky at different times of the year. At that time, everything

about the moon was learned by 2 it carefully in the sky.

When scientists could use telescopes to study the moon more 3 , their ideas began to

change. They could see the moon was 4 of rocks. Most scientists thought moon rocks wo-

uld be 5 from those on the earth. This was because they believed the moon had once been

a planet that had been 6 in the earth’s gravity millions of year earlier.

In 1969 moon rocks were finally brought to the earth and studied. Much to their 7 ,

scientists found that, except for water , the moon and the earth were made of the same thing. Once

again new ideas were needed for this new information.

After years of study, most 8 now think that the moon was once part of the earth. They

believe very early in its history, maybe 4 million years ago, 9 about the size of Mars hit

the earth. This sent billions of rocks into space around our planet. These rocks slowly joined tog-

ether and after many years 10 the moon.

In the future, even though our ideas about the moon may change again, we will still be interested in it.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.