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Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
To Be Joyful, To Be Young
What really works to make sustainable changes in diet and lifestyle? It’s probably not what you think. In the past 30 years of conducting clinical research, I (21) (learn) that real keys are pleasure, joy and freedom. Joy of living is sustainable; fear of dying is not.
Why? Because life is to be enjoyed. There’s no point (22) (abandon) something you enjoy unless you get something back that’s even better, and quickly. When people eat more healthfully, (23) (quit) smoking, and manage stress better, they find they feel so much better, so quickly. It reconstructs the reason for making these changes from fear of dying to joy of living. When you exercise and eat right, your brain receives more blood flow and oxygen, so you become smarter, have more energy, and need less sleep. Two studies showed just walking for three hours per week for only three months caused so many neurons(神经细胞) (24) (grow) that it actually increased the size of people’s brains!
Your face receives more blood flow, so your skin glows more and wrinkles less. You look younger and more attractive. In contrast, an unhealthy diet, lasting emotional stress and smoking reduce blood flow to your face (25) you age more quickly. Smoking speeds up aging because nicotine contributes to your blood vessel becoming narrower, (26) decreases blood flow to your face and makes it wrinkle prematurely. This is why smokers look years older than they really are.
One of the most interesting findings was that the mothers’ awareness of stress was more important than (27) was objectively occurring in their lives. (28) (give) a questionnaire, the women were asked to rate on a three-point scale how stressed they felt each day. The women who realized they were under heavy stress had significantly shortened and damaged telomeres(染色体端粒) compared with (29) who felt more relaxed. Contrarily, some of the women who felt relaxed (30) raising a disabled child had more normal-appearing telomeres.
In other words, if you feel stressed, you are stressed. Section B
Directions：After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need. A. uprising B. original C. frequently D. magnificent E. feature F. luxuriously G. captured H. approaches I . inhabited J. matters K. ranks welcome to Windsor Castle Windsor Castle is the oldest and largest occupied castle in the world and the Official Residence of the Queen of Britain. Over a period of nearly 1,000 years it has been 31 _________ continuously, and altered and redecorated by monarchs(君主) one after the other. Some were great builders, strengthening the Castle against 32_________ and rebellion; others, living in more peaceful times, created a grand Royal residence. William the Conqueror chose the site, high above the river Thames and on the edge of a Saxon hunting ground. It was a day’s march from the Tower of London and intended to guard the western 33__________ to the capital. The outer walls fo today’s structure are in the same position as those of the 34_________ castle built by William the Conqueror in the 1070s. The Queen uses the Castle both as a private home, where she usually spends the weekend, ans as a Royal residence at which she undertakes certain formal duties. Windsor Castle is 35________ used by the Queen to host State Visits from overseas 文案大全
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monarchs and presidents. Every year the Queen takes up official residence in Windsor Castle for a month over Easter(March-April).
The Castle is huge, so people tend to head for the most 36___________ bits--the State Apartments, ST. George’s Chapel, the Gallery and the delightful Queen Mary’s Dolls House. Works of art, antique furniture, curiositics and impressive architecture reflect the tastes of many different royal generations. The State Apartments are 37_______ decorated formal rooms still used for state and official functions.
The magnificent and beautiful St. George’s Chapel was started in 1475 by Edward IV and was completed 50 years later by Henry VIII. It 38________ among the finest examples of late medieval architecture in the UK.
The Drawings Gallery 39_________ the exhibition “The Queen: 60 Photographs for 60 Years”. The exhibition
presents portraits of the Queen 40________ in brief moments on both official occasions and at relaxed family gatherings.
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. “Nature and Nurture”
People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behavior are formed. However, it is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is 41 ____.
Social scientists are of course 42_________ interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behavior. There are no clear answers yet, but two43______ schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from each other, and there is a great deal of debated between 44________ of each theory. The controversy(争论)is often conveniently referred to as “nature and nurture” Those who 45 ________ the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are 46_________ determined by biological factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is 47________ to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory states that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our 48 ______.
Supporters of the “nurture” theory, or , as they are often called, 49 ________, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorists’ s view of the human being is quite mechanistic. They state that, like machines, humans respond to 51________ stimuli(刺激) as the basis of their behavior.
Socially and politically, the consequences of these two theories are 52 _______. In the US, for example, blacks often score below white on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some “nature” supporters to conclude that blacks are genetically lower in status than whites are. Behaviorists, 53________ ,say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same 54 ________that whites do.
Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. As a matter of fact, it is quite 55_______ that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes and that the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.
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41. A. sensitive B. productive C. competitive D. aggressive 42. A. moderately B. extremely C.reluctantly D. scarcely 43. A. distinct B. reliable C. relevant D. equal 44. A. objectors B. operators C. opponents D. advocates 45. A. claim B. support C. resolve D. inherit 46. A. completely B. largely C. thoroughly D. merely 47. A. sensitive B. open C. central D. subject 48. A. abilities B. capacities C. personalities D. instinct 49. A. experts B. scientists C. environmentalist D. behaviorists 50. A. shaped B. prioritized C. oppressed D. restricted
51. A. environmental B. biological C. genetic D. psychological 52. A. temporary B. slight C. fatal D. far-reaching 53. A. on the contrary B. as a whole C. after all D. for instance 54. A . habits B. responses C. characteristics D. advantages 55. A. necessary B. impossible C. unreasonable D. likely
Section B
Directions：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
（A）
I’m a student in my fourth year of a biomedical science degree at Robert Gordon University in Aberdeen, but I also work 38 hours a week at Sainsbury’s to make ends meet. I do three night shifts a week, plus overtime if I can get it. Monday is the most occupied day for me -- I work from 10 pm until 8 am on Saturday and Sunday nights, earning just over £100 a night, and then I have to be at my first lecture at 9 am on Monday. By the time I finish lectures, at 2 pm, I’m exhausted, but I know I have to be back at work by 10 pm.
I constantly have to force myself to stay awake, and to be alert, whatever it takes. A packet of Skittles and a Red Bull usually helps. The work I do at Sainsbury’s is very physical like stacking shelves. I’m lucky because I’m an active person and the amount I lift at work is nothing compared with the weights I lift in the gym. I know I have the strength to bear it.
I’m originally from Nigeria. I came here when I was seven, growing up in Croydon, south London. Money was tight. My parents gave me everything I needed, but there was no money to spend on luxuries. I worked hard at school though and, with the help of GT Scholars, I got some of the best A-level grades in my class.
Unfortunately, though I had applied for “settled” British residential status when very young, the Home Office waited until I was in sixth form to approve my application. That meant I wasn’t eligible for a student loan. The only way I could afford to go to university was that if I got a job that would pay for all my living costs and my parents, who work in market research, paid for my tuition fees. In Scotland, that’s about £7,000 a year.
I don’t have much time to socialize because of my job. Ideally, I would also like to have more time to study so I can excel at my course. Yes, I have a lot on my plate, but working hard isn’t new to me. Growing up, my parents and my mentors in the church and at GT Scholars cultivated in me the importance of working hard for what I want in life.
My dream is to do an MA in physiotherapy next year and then get a job working for the NHS. But right now, I’m just focused on trying to get the best grades I can. Whenever I find life hard, I tell myself
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this is about my future. I don’t need much, but I would like to worry less about money and have more free time. That is what I look forward to the most.
56. Why does the author work long hours and sometimes overtime every week?
A. To help his parents pay off the debts. B. To pay for his tuition fees.
C. To prove his ability to earn money. D. To pay for his own living expenses. 57. The underlined word “eligible” in the passage can be replaced by ________.
A. responsible B. qualified C. feasible D. anxious 58. According to the passage, which of the following words can NOT be used to describe the author? A. Sociable. B. Diligent. C. Ambitious. D. Persistent.
59. Which of the following proverbs can best summarize the passage?
A. A penny saved is a penny earned. B. Actions speak louder than words.
C. God helps those who help themselves. D. Where there is life, there is hope.
（B）
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Design RESTful Ruby on Rails web applications with MongoDB database integration. 60. In which column of a newspaper can we most probably find this passage?
A. Arts B. Science-technology C. Courses D. Business
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61. Which of the following is TURE according to the passage?
A. Front and back-end developers both are responsible for such tasks as applications and databases. B. Fewer candidates apply for the position of being web developers due to high demand for skills. C. The job prospect for web developer isn’t promising in the long run.
D. You can’t start to learn the course of being a full stack web developer unless you have some experience beforehand.
62. What is the main purposes of this passage?
A. To advertise for full stack web developers
B. To inform people of what is required to be a full stack web developer.
C. To persuade people to take the courses which help to become a full stack web developer. D. To help people to explore the full stack web developer career guide.
（C）
The haunting paintings of Helene Schjerfbeck, on show in the final leg of a travelling tour that has already attracted thousands of visitors in Hamburg and The Hague, may come as a surprise to many. Few outside the Nordic world would recognise the work of this Finnish artist who died in 1946. More people should. The 120 works have at their core 20 self-portraits, half the number she painted in all. The first, dated 1880, is of a wide-eyed teenager eager to absorb everything. The last is a sighting of the artist’s ghost-to-be.
Precociously gifted, Schjerfbeck was 11 when she entered the Finnish Art Society’s drawing school. \"The Wounded Warrior in the Snow\and won her a state travel grant when she was 17. Schjerfbeck studied in Paris, went on to Pont-Aven, Brittany, where she painted for a year, then to Tuscany, Cornwall and St Petersburg. During her 1887 visit to St Ives, Cornwall, Schjerfbeck painted \"The Convalescent\". A child wrapped in a blanket sits propped up in a large wicker(柳条编制的) chair, toying with a sprig（小纸条）. The picture won a bronze medal at the 1889 Paris World Fair and was bought by the Finnish Art Society. To a modern eye it seems almost sentimental（感伤） and is redeemed only by the somewhat stunned, melancholy expression on the child’s face, which may have been inspired by Schjerfbeck’s early experiences. At four, she fell down a flight of steps and never fully recovered.
In 1890, Schjerfbeck settled in Finland. Teaching exhausted her, she did not like the work of other local painters, and she was further isolated when she took on the care of her mother (who lived until 1923). \"If I allow myself the freedom to live a secluded life\because it has to be that way.\" In 1902, Schjerfbeck and her mother settled in the small, industrial town of Hyvinkaa, 50 kilometres north of Helsinki. Isolation had one desired effect for it was there that Schjerfbeck became a modern painter. She produced still lives and landscapes but above all moody yet incisive portraits of her mother, local school girls, women workers in town。
\"I have always searched for the dense depths of the soul, that have not yet discovered themselves\discoveries.\" She experimented with different kinds of underpainting, scraped and rubbed, made bright rosy red spots; doing whatever had to be done to capture the subconscious-her own and that of her models. In 1913, Schjerfbeck was rediscovered by an art dealer and journalist, Gosta Stenman. Once again she was a success.
64. Schjerfbeck’s paintings may come as a surprise to many because_____. A. her paintings are rarely known outside the Nordic world
B. her paintings have never been on show out of the Nordic world
C. her paintings have the power to haunt people whoever have seen them
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D. her paintings focus on supernatural elements such as ghosts
65. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. \"The Convalescent\" is in fact a portrait of Schjerbeck in her childhood. B.\"The Convalescent\" is a reflection of Schejerbeck’s sentimental childhood.
C. \"The Convalescent\" is made as a result of an accident in Schejerbeck’s childhood. D. \"The Convalescent\" is featured by the child’s stunned, melancholy expression.
66．Schejerbeck chose to live a secluded life mainly because of ____. A. she was exhausted by her teaching job
B. her personality prefers this kind of style
C. she could not appreciate the work of the other local painters
D. her mother’s health condition required her to adopt such a life style.
67. We can infer from the passage that the most outstanding characteristics of Schjerfbeck’s paintings is_____.
A. her vivid characterization of common people B. her capture of the characters’ soul
C. the sorrowly expression of the characters
D. her unconscious sense of some mysterious elements Section C
Directions：Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentences can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. A. An effective way that I have found to deepen my own patience is to create actual practice periods. B. You are more easily annoyed and bothered. C. It is generally believed that the quality of being patient is very difficult to develop. D. Becoming more patient involves opening your heart to the present moment, even if you don’t like it. E. Without patience, you will see the same scene as an emergency complete with yelling, frustration, hurt feelings. E. If you lack patience, you are destined to fail in what you are pursuing. The quality of patience goes a long way toward your goal of creating a more peaceful and loving self. The more patient you are, the more accepting you will be of what life is, rather than insisting that life be exactly as you would like it to be. Without patience, life is extremely frustrating. 67_______. Patience adds a dimension of ease and acceptance to your life. It’s important for inner peace.
68_______ If you are stuck in a traffic jam, late for an appointment, being patient would mean keeping yourself from building a mental snowball before your thinking get out of hand and gently reminding yourself to relax. It might also be a good time to breathe as well as an opportunity to remind yourself that, in the bigger scheme of things, being late is “small stuff”.
Patience is a quality of heart that can be greatly enhanced with deliberate practice. 69 _____They are the periods of time that I set up in my mind to practice the art of patience. Life itself becomes a classroom, and the curriculum is patience. You can start with as little as five minutes and build up your capacity for patience over time. What you’ll discover is truly amazing. Your intention to be patient, especially if you know it’s only for a short while, immediately strengthens your capacity for patience. Patience is one of those special qualities where success feeds on itself. Once you reach little milestone(里程碑)-five minutes of successful patience-you’ll begin to see that you do indeed have the capacity to be patient, even for longer periods of time. Over time, you may even become a patient person.
Being patient will help you to keep your perspective. You’ll see even a difficult situation, say
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your present challenge, isn’t “life or death” but simply a minor obstacle that must be dealt with. 70 _____
Ⅳ. Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
A remarkable variety of insects live in this planet More species of insects exist than all other animal species together. Insects have survived on earth for more than 300 million years, and may possess the ability to survive for millions more.Insects can be found almost everywhere -- on the highest mountains and on the bottom of rushing streams, in the cold South Pole and in bubbling hot springs. They dig through the ground, jump and sing in the trees,and run and dance in the air. They come in many different colors and various shapes.
There are many reasons why insects are so successful at surviving. Their amazing ability to adapt permits them to live in extreme ranges of temperatures and environments. The one place they have not yet been found to any major extent is in the open oceans. Insects can survive on a wide range, of natural and artificial foods—paint, pepper, glue, books, grain, cotton，other insects, plants and animals Because they are small they can hide in tiny spaces.
Also, insects have an enormous reproductive capacity: An African ant queen can lay as many as 43,000 eggs a day.
Another reason for their success is the strategy of protective color. An insect may be right before our eyes, but nearly invisible because it is cleverly disguised like a green leaf, lump of brown soil, gray lichen (青苔),a seed or some other natural object Some insects use bright, bold colors to send warning signalsthat they taste bad,sting or are poison.Others have wing patterns that look like the eyes of a huge predator, bitter-tasting insects; hungry enemies are fooled into avoiding them.
Ⅴ. Translation
1. 一股诱人的味道唤起了我们遥远的记忆。（remind） 2. 每个人应当牢记：己所不欲，勿施于人。（mind）
3. 他如此醉心于古文化研究，这几年一直以健康为代价坚持工作着。（so）
4. 不久之后，地铁5号线奉贤段即将通车，这让翘首以盼的丰县人民激动不已。（before）
Ⅵ. Guided Writing
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the picture below.
当你走进教室，发现黑板上画着一幅形象丑陋的漫画，旁边还写着你的名字。你当时是愤怒谴责还是一笑了之?请你写一篇短文，内容包括：
根据你的想象简述漫画的内容及此漫画的心情；
你当时是选择上述哪一种解决方式并比较说明你选择这种解决方式的理由。
在你看过的电影，电视或书中，肯定有许多场景历历在目，请你描述令你印象深刻的一个场景，并谈谈为什么。你的文章必须包括：
描述你影响深刻的一个场景 说明你对此印象深刻的理由。
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