2021年大学英语四级阅读理解模拟习题及答案(卷十三)

2021年大学英语四级阅读理解模拟习题及答案（卷十三） 题号 得分 一 二 三 四 五 六 总分 Psychologist George Spilich and colleagues at Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland, decided to find out whether, as many smokers say, smoking helps them to “think and concentrate.” Spilich put young non-smokers, active smokers and smokers deprived (被剥夺) of cigarettes through a series of tests. In the first test, each subject (试验对象) sat before a computer screen and pressed a key as soon as he or she recognized a target letter among a grouping of 96. In this simple test, smokers, deprived smokers and nonsmokers performed equally well. The next test was more complex, requiring all to scan sequences of 20 identical letters and respond the instant one of the letters transformed into a different one. Non-smokers were faster， but under the stimulation of nicotine (尼古丁), active smokers were faster than deprived smokers. In the third test of short-term memory, non-smokers made the fewest errors, but deprived smokers committed fewer errors than active smokers. The fourth test required people to read a passage, then answer questions about it. Non-smokers remembered 19 percent more of the most important information than active smokers, and deprived smokers bested those who had smoked a cigarette just before testing. Active smokers tended not only to have poorer memories but al

so had trouble separating important information from insignificant details. “As our tests became more complex.”Sums up Spilich,“non-smokers performed better than smokers by wider and wider margins”He predicts,“smokers might per form adequately at many jobs-until they got complicated. A smoking airline pilot could fly adequately if no problems arose, but if something went wrong, smoking might damage his mental capacity.”

这是一篇说明文，讲的是关于测试吸烟是否有助于思考和集中精力的实验。

1. The purpose of George Spilich's experiments is _______. A) to test whether smoking has a positive effect on the mental capacity of smokers

B) to show how smoking damages people's mental capacity C) to prove that smoking affects people's regular performance D) to find out whether smoking helps people's short-term memory 2. George Spilich's experiment was conducted in such a way as to _______.

A) compel the subjects to separate major information from minor details

B) put the subjects through increasingly complex tests C) check the effectiveness of nicotine on smokers D) register the prompt responses of the subjects

3. The word“bested”(Line 3, Para. 5) most probably means _______.

A) beat B) envied C) caught up with D) made the best of 4. Which of the following statements is true?

A) Active smokers in general performed better than deprived smokers.

B) Active smokers responded more quickly than the other subjects. C) Non-smokers were not better than other subjects in performing simple tasks.

D) Deprived smokers gave the slowest responses to the various tasks.

5. We can infer from the last paragraph that _______. A) smokers should not expect to become airline pilots B) smoking in emergency cases causes mental illness C) no airline pilots smoke during flights

D) smokers may prove unequal to handing emergency cases 参考答案及解析

1、[答案及分析]：[A]事实辨认题，依据是第1段的两句话。 2、[答案及分析]：[B]本题问G有S的实验是以下列哪 种方式进行的。文章第2段说the first test是simple test,第3段开头说第2个实验more complex，最后一段开头说“随着测试逐渐变得复杂，不吸烟的人越来越比吸烟者做得好”，由此可见,George Spilich进行这种

测试时以由易到难的顺序进行的。因而B项正确。

3、[答案及分析]：[A]词义推断题。我们可以看出该被要求推断词 义的词所在的上下文意为：没有被允许吸烟的人忧于那些在测试前片刻吸过烟的人。best在此句中是动词，意思应该是“优于、超过”。而四个选项的意思分别是：beat(击败，战胜)catch up with(赶上)make the best of(充分利用)。可以看出,best和beat意思最为接近。 4、[答案及分析]：[C]根据第2段第2句可知C项正确：另外，根据倒数第2段的后两句、第3段第2句可知A、B、D均不正确。 5、[答案及分析]：[D]与本题有关的信息在最后一段两句：Spilich认为，吸烟者能胜任并不复杂的工作，但不能胜行复杂的任务。一个吸烟的飞行员不出现任何问题时能称职也驾驶飞机飞行。但是一旦出现问题，吸烟就会损害他的大脑工作能力。

There is no denying that students should learn something about how computers work, just as we expect them at least to understand that the internal combustion engine(内燃机) has something to do with burning fuel, expanding gases and pistons (活塞) being driven. For people should have some basic idea of how the things that they use do what they do. Further, students might be helped by a course that considers the computer's impact on society. But that is not what is meant by computer literacy. For computer literacy is not a form of literacy(读写能力);it is a trade skill that should not be taught as a liberal art.

Learning how to use a computer and learning how to program one are two distinct activities, A case might be made that the competent citizens of tomorrow should free themselves from their fear of computers. But this is quite different from saying that all ought to know how to program one. Leave that to people who have c hosen programming as a career. While programming can be lots of fun, and while our society needs some people who are experts at it, the same is true of auto repair and violin making.

Learning how to use a computer is not that difficult, and it gets easier all the time as programs become more“user?friendly”. Let us assume that in the future everyone is going to have to know how to use a computer to be a competent citizen. What does the phrase “learning to use a computer”mean? It sounds like “learning to drive a car”, that is, it sounds as if there is some set of definite skills that, once acquired, enable one to use a computer.

In fact,“learning to use a computer”is much more like“learning to play a game”, but learning the rules of one game may not help you play a second game, whose rules may not be the same. There is no such a thing as teaching someone how to use a computer. One can only teach people to use this or that program and generally that is easily accomplished. 这是篇议论文，主要讨论了掌握计算机技能的问题。

1. To be the competent citizens of tomorrow, people should

_______.

A) try to lay a solid foundation in computer science B) be aware of how the things that they use do what they do C) learn to use a computer by acquiring a certain set of skills D) understand that programming a computer is more essential than repairing a car

2. In the second paragraph “violin?making”is mentioned to show that _______ .

A) programming a computer is as interesting as making a violin B) our society needs experts in different fields

C) violin making requires as much skill as computer programming D) people who can use a computer don't necessarily have to know computer program-ming

3. Learning to use a computer is getting easier all the time because _______ .

A) programs are becoming less complicated B) programs are designed to be convenient to users C) programming is becoming easier and easier

D) programs are becoming readily available to computer users 4. According to the author,the phrase“learning to use a computer”(Lines3,4,Para.3)means learning _______.

A) a set of rules B) the fundamentals of computer science

C) specific programs D) general principles of programming 5. The author's purpose in writing this passage is _______. A) to stress the impact of the computer on society B) to explain the concept of computer literacy

C) to illustrate the requirements for being competent citizens of tomorrow

D) to emphasize that computer programming is an interesting and challenging job 参考答案及解析

1、[答案及分析]：[C]是文章第2段的意思：学习使用计算机并非学习编制计算机程序。必须使得将来的合格的公民对学习计算机不再有畏惧感。这并不是要求人们都应该懂得如何编程，那是以编制序为职业的人的事。

2、[答案及分析]：[D]第2段的意思是：尽管编制程序可能很有趣味，尽管社会需要有人精通编程，如同需要有人精通修理汽车和制造小提琴。但是，学习计算机并非要求大家都学会编程，正如我们只需会开车就行，不必懂得修理汽车;只需会使用小提琴，而不必了解如何制作小提琴。故而D项正确。

3、[答案及分析]：[B]依据为第3段第1句话。

4、[答案及分析]：[C]该题具有一定难度，关键在于对第3段最后两句话的正确理解：何谓“学习使用计算机”?“学习使用计算机”听起来(sound like)跟“学习开车”一样，似乎(as if)只要掌握了一些确

定的技巧就能学会使用它。在第4段，作者又说：其实(in fact)，“学习使用计算机”更像“学习玩游戏”，掌握了一种游戏的规则并不能使你会玩另一种游戏，因为两种游戏的规则不同……。只能教一个人使用这种或那种程序，而这一般都能比较容易地做到。

5、[答案及分析]：[B]主旨题。文章的主旨应能恰如其分地概括文中所阐述的内容，面不能太窄，即：不足以概括全部内容;但是面也不能太宽，即：包含了文中没有阐述的内容。根据这一原则，只有B项才能概括全文要说明的问题。A、C、D都是作者在讨论computer literacy这一问题时所涉及的几个方面，而并非中心内容，故可排除。 American society is not nap (午睡) friendly. In fact, says David Dinges, a sleep specialist at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. \"There's even a prohibition against admitting we need sleep\". Nobody wants to be caught napping or found asleep at work. To quote a proverb: \"Some sleep five hours, nature requires seven, laziness nine and wickedness eleven. \" Wrong. The way not to fall asleep at work is to take naps when you need them. \" We have to totally change our attitude toward napping\says Dr. William Dement of Stanford University, the godfather of sleep research. ? Last year a national commission led by Dement identified an \"American sleep debt\" which one member said was as important as the national debt, The commission was concerned about the dangers of sleepiness: people causing industrial accidents or falling asleep while driving. This may be why we have a new sleep policy

in the White House. According to recent reports, president Clinton is trying to take a half?hour snooze (打瞌睡) every afternoon. ? About 60 percent of American adults nap when given the opportunity. We seem to have \"a midafternoon quiet phase\"also called\"a secondary sleep gate. \"Sleeping 15 minutes to two hours in the early afternoon can reduce stress and make us refreshed. Clearly, we were born to nap. ? We Superstars of Snooze don't nap to replace lost shut?eye or to prepare for a night shift. Rather, we\"snack\"on sleep, whenever, wherever and at whatever time we feel like it. I myself have napped in buses, cars, planes and on boats; on floors and beds; and in libraries, offices and museums. 这是一篇说明文，讨论了nap(小睡，打盹)及睡眠充足的积极意义。这是一个被人们忽视或误解已久的问题，作者试图在文中纠正人们的错误观点。

1. It is commonly accepted in American society that too much sleep is ______ .

A) unreasonable B) criminal C) harmful D) costly

2. The research done by the Dement commission shows that Americans ______ .

A) don't like to take naps

B) are terribly worried about their national debt C) sleep less than is good for them

D) have caused many industrial and traffic accidents

3. The purpose of this article is to ______ . A) warn us of the wickedness of napping B) explain the danger of sleepiness C) discuss the side effects of napping

D) convince the reader of the necessity of napping

4. The \"American sleep debt\"( Line 1, Para. 3) is the result of ______ .

A) the traditional misconception the Americans have about sleep B) the new sleep policy of the Clinton Administration C) the rapid development of American industry D) the Americans' worry about the danger of sleepiness

5. The second sentence of the last paragraph tells us that it is ______ .

A) preferable to have a sound sleep before a night shift B) good practice to eat something light before we go to bed C) essential to make up for cost sleep

D) natural to take a nap whenever we feel the need for it 参考答案及解析

1、[答案及分析]：[A]事实辨认题。美国社会中被普遍接受的观点是过多的睡眠具有下列哪个特征。A项意为“不合理的”，B项意为“有罪的”，C项意为“有害的”，D项意为“代价高的”。根据第一段第一句和最后一句可知A恰当。因为美国人认为“nature

requires seven”(生物本能需要7个小时)。

2、 [答案及分析]：[C]事实辨认题。问Dement Commission所做的研究表明了下列哪项事实。第三段说：去年，一个由Dement领导的国际委员会认为存在“美国人的睡眠欠债”，其中一个委员会成员认为该欠债跟国债一样重大。委员会很关注睡眠不足的危险……。显而易见C项正确。

3、[答案及分析]：[D]主旨题。问这篇文章的目的是什么。本文的主要内容是阐述napping的重要性，必要性。

4、[答案及分析]：[A]归纳事实题。问“美国人的睡眠欠债”是由下列何种原因造成的。文章在第一段开头就回答了这个问题：美国社会对napping持反对态度。第二段直接明了地对此作出评价：wrong.所以，毫无疑问正确答案为A。

5、[答案及分析]：[D]归纳事实题。问最后一段第二句话告诉了我们什么。最后一段第二句的意思是：不论是什么时候，什么地方，只要我们觉得有必要，就可以小寐片刻。D意为：当我们觉得需要小睡片刻是很自然的事。与文章原意吻合，所以D项正确。

Violin prodigies (神童), I learned, have come in distinct waves from distinct regions. Most of the great performers if the late 19th and early 20th centuries were born and brought up in Russia and Eastern Europe. I asked Isaac Stern, one of the world's greatest violinists the reason for this phenomenon. \"It is very clear,\" he told me. \"They were all Jews(犹太人) and Jews at the time were severely oppressed and ill treated in that part

of the world. They were not allowed into the professional fields, but they were allowed to achieve excellence on a concert stage. \" As a result, every Jewish parent's dream was to have a child in the music school because it was a passport to the West. ?

Another element in the emergence of prodigies, I found, is a society that values

excellence in a certain field to nurture (培育) talent. Nowadays, the most nurturing societies seem to be in the Far East. \"In Japan, a most competitive society, with stronger discipline than ours. \" says Isaac Stem, children are ready to test their limits every day in many fields, including music. When Western music came to Japan after World War Ⅱ, that music not only became part of their daily lives, but it became a discipline as well. The Koreans and Chinese as we know, are just as highly motivated as the Japanese. ?

That's a good thing, because even prodigies must work hard. Next to hard work,

biological inheritance plays an important role in the making of a prodigy. J. S. Bach, for example, was the top of several generations of musicians, and four of his sons had significant careers in music. 这是一篇说明文，以演奏小提琴的神童为何在19世纪末和20世纪初的俄国和东欧出现和最多为例，说明了导致神童产生的原因。 1.Jewish parents in Eastern Europe longed for their children to

attend music school because ______ .

A) it would allow them access to a better life in the West B) Jewish children are born with excellent musical talent C) they wanted their children to enter into the professional field D) it would enable the family to get better treatment in their own country

2.Nurturing societies as mentioned in the passage refer to societies that ______ .

A) enforce strong discipline on students who want to achieve excellence

B) treasure talent and provide opportunities for its full development C) encourage people to compete with each other D) promise talented children high positions

3.Japan is described in the passage as a country that attaches importance to ______ .

A) all-round development. B) the learning of Western music C) strict training of children D) variety in academic studies

4.Which of the following contributes to the emergence of musical prodigies according to the passage?

A) A natural gift. B) Extensive knowledge of music. C) Very early training. D) A prejudice-free society.

5.Which of the following titles best summarises the main idea of the passage?

A) Jewish Contribution to Music. B) Training of Musicians in the World C) Music and Society D) The Making of Prodigies 参考答案及解析

1、[答案及分析]：[A]事实辨认题。问为什么在东欧的犹太父母希望他们的孩子进音乐学校文章第一段对此作了明确回答：那时候犹太人在那些地方受到压迫和歧视。他们不被允许进入诸如医生、律师等职业领域，但允许在音乐舞台表现出色。因此，每个犹太父母都梦想让孩子进入音乐学校，因为那是通往西方的护照。理解了这些内容后，显而易见答案为A项。

2、[答案及分析]：[B]句意理解题。问文章中提到的nurturing societies指的是一种什么样的社会。文章中论及nurturing societies(培养天才的社会)的内容在第二段。第二段第一句就是nurturing society的定义：a society that values excellence in a certain field and is able to nurture talent.A项意思与此相同，不过是换了一种提法而已。 3、[答案及分析]：[C]归纳事实题。问文中认为日本是一个重视下列哪项事情的国家。A项意为“全方位发展”。B项表示“学习西方音乐”。C项是“对孩子的严格训练”。D项意为“学术研究的丰富多样性”。文章第二段说：“In Japan,a most competitive society with stronger discipline than ours,children are ready to test their limits every day in many fields.”据此不难判断出C正确。

4、[答案及分析]：[A]事实辨认题。问文章认为下列哪项有助于音乐神童的出现。文章第三段说：“Next to hard work,biological inheritance plays an important role in the making of a prodigy(除了勤奋，遗传因素在天才的成长中起着重要作用)”。A natural gift的意思跟biological inheritance相同，所以A正确。

5、[答案及分析]：[D]主旨题。问下列哪个标题最能概括本文的主要思想。全文主要讲的是形成天才的因素，所以D项合适。 Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.

As war spreads to many comers of the globe, Children sadly have been drawn into the center of conflicts. In Afghanistan, Bosnia, and Colombia, however, groups of children have been taking part in peace education 47 .The children, after learning to resolve conflicts, took on the 48 of peacemakers. The Children’s Movement for peacemakers was even nominated(提名) or the Nobel peace prize in 1998. Groups of children 49 is peacemakers studied human rights an poverty issues in Colombia, eventually forming a group with five other schools in Bogota known a The Schools of Peace.

The classroom 50 opportunities for children to replace angry, violent behaviors with 51 ,peaceful ones. It is in the classroom that caring and respect for each person empowers children to take a step 52 toward becoming peacemakers. Fortunately, educators have access to many online resources that are 53 useful when helping children along

the path to peace. The Young Peacemakers Club, started in 1992, provides a Website with resources for teachers and 54 on staring a Kindness Campaign. The World Centers of Compassion for Children International call attention to children’s rights and how to help the 55 of war. Starting a Peacemakers’ Club is a praiseworthy venture for a class an one that could spread to other classrooms an ideally affect the culture of the 56 school.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 A) acting I) information B) assuming J) offers

C) comprehensive K) projects D) cooperative L) respectively E) entire M) role F) especially N) technology G) forward O) victims H) images

答案Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in depth) 47. K. projects 48. M. role 49. A. acting 50. J. offers 51. D. cooperative52. G. forward 53. F. especially 54. I. Information 55. O. victims 56. E. entire. 第二页

Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.

Years ago, doctors often said that pain was a normal part of life. In particular, when older patients __47__ of pain, they were told it was a natural part of aging and they would have to learn to live with it. Times have changed. Today, we take pain __48__. Indeed, pain is

now considered the fifth vital sign, as important as blood pressure, temperature, breathing rate and pulse in __49__ a person’s well-being. We know that chronic (慢性的) pain can disrupt (扰乱) a person’s life, causing problems that __50__ from missed work to depression. That’s why a growing number of hospitals now depend upon physicians who __51__ in pain medicine. Not only do we evaluate the cause of the pain, which can help us treat the pain better, but we also help provide comprehensive therapy for depression and other psychological and social __52__ related to chronic pain. Such comprehensive therapy often __53__ the work of social workers, psychiatrists (心理医生) and psychologists, as well as specialists in pain medicine.

This modern __54__ for pain management has led to a wealth of innovative treatments which are more effective and with fewer side effects than ever before. Decades ago, there were only a __55__ number of drugs available, and many of them caused __56__ side effects in older people, including dizziness and fatigue. This created a double-edged sword: the medications helped relieve the pain but caused other problems that could be worse than the pain itself. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答

A) result I) determining B) involves J) limited C) significant K) gravely D) range L) complained E) relieved M) respect F) issues N)

prompting

G) seriously O) specialize H) magnificent

答案Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in depth) 47. L 48. G 49. I 50. D 51. O 52. F 53. B 54. M 55. J 56. C 第一题

A bookless life is an incomplete life. Books influence the depth and breadth of life. They meet the natural______47_____for freedom, for expression, for creativity and beauty of life. Learners, therefore, must have books, and the right type of book, for the satisfaction of their need. Readers turn______48_____ to books because their curiosity concerning all manners of things, their eagerness to share in the experiences of others and their need to ____49 _____ from their own limited environment lead them to find in books food for the mind and the spirit. Through their reading they find a deeper significance to life as books acquaint them with life in the world as it was and it is now. They are presented with a __50 _____ of human experiences and come to ___51 ____ other ways of thought and living. And while ____52 ____ their own relationships and responses to life , the readers often find that the ___53__ in their stories are going through similar adjustments, which help to clarify and give significance to their own.

Books provide ___54 ____ material for readers’ imagination to

grow. Imagination is a valuable quality and a motivating power, and stimulates achievement. While enriching their imagination, books __55 ____their outlook, develop a fact-finding attitude and train them to use leisure ___56 ___. The social and educational significance of the readers’ books cannot be overestimated in an academic library. A. Abundant B. Characters C. Communicating D. Completely E. Derive F. Desire G. Diversity H. Escape I. Establishing J. Narrow K. Naturally L. Personnel M. Properly N. Respect O. Widen

答案Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in depth) 47. F/ desire 48. K/ naturally 49. H/ escape 50. G/ diversity 51. N/ respect 52. I/ establishing 53. B/ characters 54. A/ abundant 55. O/ widen 56. M/ properly 第二题

Some years ago I was offered a writing assignment that would require three months of travel through Europe. I had been abroad a couple of times, but I could hardly _47_ to know my way around the continent. Moreover, my knowledge of foreign languages was _48_ to a little college French.

I hesitated. How would I, unable to speak the language, _49_ unfamiliar with local geography or transportation systems, set up _50_ and do research? It seemed impossible, and with considerable _51_ I sat

down to write a letter begging off. Halfway through, a thought can through my mind: you can learn if you don’t try. So I accepted the assignment.

There were some bad _52_. But by the time I had finished the trip I was an experienced traveler. And ever since, I have never hesitated to head for even the most remote of places, without guiders or even _53_ bookings, confident that somehow I will manage.

The point is that the new, the different, is almost by definition _54_. But each time you try something, you learn, and as the learning piles up, the world opens to you.

I’ve learned to ski at 40, and flown up the Rhine River in a _55_. And I know I’ll go on doing such things. It’s not because I’m braver or more daring than others. I’m not. But I’ll accept anxiety as another name for challenge and I believe I can _56_ wonders. A) accomplish B) advanced C) balloon D) claim E) constantly F) declare G) interviews H)limited I) manufacture J) moments K) news L) reduced M) regret N) scary O) totally

答案Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in depth) 47. D) claim 48. H) limited 49. O) totally 50. G) interviews 51. M) regret 52. J) moments 53. B) advanced 54. N) scary 55. C) balloon 56. A) accomplish

Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.

In families with two working parents, fathers may have more impact on a child’s language development than mothers, a new study suggests. Researchers 47 92 families form 11 child care centers before their children were a year old, interviewing each to establish income, level of education and child care arrangements. Overall, it was a group of well-class families, with married parents both living in the home. When the children were 2, researchers videotaped them at home in free-play sessions with both parents, 48 all of their speech. The study will appear in the November issue of The Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology.

The scientists measured the 49 number of utterance (话语) of the parents, the number of different words they used, the complexity of their sentences and other 50 of their speech. On average, fathers spoke less than mothers did, but they did not differ in the length of utterances or proportion of questions asked.

Finally, the researchers 51 the children’s speech at age 3, using a standardized language test. The only predictors of high scores on the test were the mother’s level of education, the 52 of child care and the number of different words the father used.

The researchers are 53 why the father’s speech, and not the mother’s, had an effect.

“It’s well 54 that the mother’s language does have an impact,” said Nadya Pancsofar, the lead author of the study. It could be that the high-functioning mothers in the study had 55 had a strong influence on their children’s speech development, Ms. Pancsofar said, “or it may be that mothers are 56 in a way we didn’t measure in the study.” 注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。 A) already B) analyzed C) aspects D) characters E) contributing F) describing G) established H) quality I) quoted J) recording K) recruited L) total M) unconscious N) unsure O) yet

答案Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in depth) 47.【快速解题】动词辨义题。

K【火眼金睛】本句缺少谓语，根据句中before引导的时间状语从句中的过去时态，可以断定谓语动词应使用过去时。根据句意，备选动词中recruited符合题意。此外备选词中analyzed是强干扰项，但其实并不合适，因为“研究者们分析了92个家庭……，并且逐一询问了他们的收入、受教育状况、孩子的照顾情况。”其中“分析”与“逐一询问”在逻辑意义上不符。 48.【快速解题】动词辨义题。

J【火眼金睛】空格处在with短语中，且应该作宾语parents 的补足语。根据句意可知此处应为“研究人员将他们与父母双方在家自由玩耍的情景录制下来，并记录他们所有的谈话。”可以看出此处需

填一个动名词，并含有“记录”的意思，备选动词中recording 符合题意。

49.【快速解题】动词辨义题。

L【火眼金睛】空格位于the 与number之间，可知此处需填入一个形容词作定语。备选形容词中total 符合题意，意为“父母亲话语总的数量”。

50.【快速解题】名词辨义题。

C【火眼金睛】空格位于other 之后，可知此处需填入名词，备选名词只有aspects符合题意，意为“科学家们测量了父母亲话语总的数量，使用不同词汇的数量，他们的语句的复杂程度以及他们语言的其他方面。”

51.【快速解题】动词辨义题。

B【火眼金睛】空格在主语the researchers之后，可知此处应填入谓语动词的过去时态。剩余的备选动词中analyzed 符合题意，意为“最后，当孩子们三岁时，研究者们对孩子进行了标准化的语言测试，并对他们的语言进行了分析。” 52.【快速解题】名词辨义题。

H【火眼金睛】空格处前后分别为 the 与of，可知此处需填入名词，根据上下文可知该句意为“测试中，预测高分的指标包括母亲受教育的程度，养育孩子的质量，父亲使用不同词汇的数量。”备选名词中quality 符合题意。

53.【快速解题】形容词辨义题。

N【火眼金睛】空格位于be动词与why 从句之间，可知需填入形容词或过去分词，以构成系表结构。动词中的剩余词汇，均不能使句意通顺。备选形容词中unsure可使句意通顺，意为“令研究者们疑惑的是为什么父亲而非母亲的语言对孩子有影响。” 54.【快速解题】动词辨义题。

G【火眼金睛】空格处在is well和that从句之间，此处需要填入过去分词。备选动词中established 符合题意, 其中it is well established that…，意为“大家公认……”。 55.【快速解题】副词辨义题。

A【火眼金睛】本句结构完整，空格处需填入一个副词。空格前后的had并不相同，前面的had是构成过去完成时态的助动词，后面的had是短语have a strong influence on…，结合句意，备选副词中already符合题意。

56.【快速解题】动词辨义题。

E【火眼金睛】纵观全句，空格处应填入现在分词，与are构成现在进行时态。根据句意“最终对于整个学校的文化氛围都会产生有益的影响”。备选动词中contributing符合题意, 意为“可能母亲起作用的方式在研究中我们没有测量。”

Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.

Every year in the first week of my English class, some students inform me that writhing is too hard. They never write, unless assignments 47 it . They fine the writing process 48 and difficult.

How awful to be able to speak in a language but not to write in it- 49 English , with its rich vocabulary . Being able to speak but not write is like living in an 50 mansion(豪宅) and never leaving one small room . When I meet students who think they can’t write, I know as a teacher my 51 is to show them the rest of the rooms . My task is to build fluency while providing the opportunity inherent in any writing activity to 52 the moral and emotional development of my students . One great way to do this is by having students write in a journal in class every day.

Writing ability is like strength training. Writing needs to be done 53 , just like exercise ; just as muscles grow stronger with exercise , writing skills improve quickly with writing practice. I often see a rise in student confidence and 54 after only a few weeks of journal writing .

Expressing oneself in writing is one of the most important skills I teach to strengthen the whole student. When my students practice journal writing, they are practicing for their future academic, political, and 55 lives . They build skills so that some day they might write a great novel, a piece of sorely needed legislation, or the perfect love letter. Every day that they write in their journals puts them a step 56 to fluency , eloquence (雄辩), and command of language . A) closer I) painful B) daily J) performance

C) emotional K) profession D) enhance L) remarkably E) enormous M) require F) especially N) sensitive G) hinder O) urge H) mission 答案Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in depth) 47. M require 48. I painful 49.F especially 50. E enormous 51.H mission 52. D enhance 53. B daily 54.J performance 55. K profession 56 A daily

Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.

What determines the kind of person you are? What factors make you more or less bold, intelligent, or able to read a map? All of these are influenced by the interaction of your genes and the environment in which you were 47 . The study of how genes and environment interact to influence 48 activity is known as behavioral genetics. Behavioral genetics has made important 49 to the biological revolution, providing information about the extent to which biology influences mind, brain and behavior.

Any research that suggests that 50 to perform certain behaviors are based in biology is controversial. Who wants to be told that there are limitations to what you can 51 based on something that is beyond your

control, such as your genes? It is easy to accept that genes control physical characteristics such as sex, race and eye color. But can genes also determine whether people will get divorced, how 52 they are, or what career they are likely to choose? A concern of psychological scientists is the 53 to which all of these characteristics are influenced by nature and nurture(养育), by genetic makeup and the environment. Increasingly, science 54 that genes lay the groundwork for many human traits. From this perspective, people are born 55 like undeveloped photographs: The image is already captured, but the way it 56 appears can vary based on the development process. However, the basic picture is there from the beginning.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 [A] abilities [I] extent [B] achieve [J] indicates [C] appeal [K] proceeds [D] complaints [L] psychological [E] contributions [M] raised [F] displayed [N] smart [G] essentially [O] standard [H] eventually

答案Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in depth)

47. M) raised 48. L) psychological 49. E) contributions 50. A) abilities

51. B) achieve 52. N) smart 53. I) extent 54. J) indicates 55. G) essentially 56. H) eventually

Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.

When we think of green buildings, we tend to think of new ones – the kind of high-tech, solar-paneled masterpieces that make the covers of architecture magazines. But the U.S. has more than 100 million existing homes, and it would be __47__ wasteful to tear them all down and __48__ them with greener versions. An enormous amount of energy and resources went into the construction of those houses. And it would take an average of 65 years for the __49__ carbon emissions from a new energy-efficient home to make up for the resources lost by destroying an old one. So in the broadest __50__, the greenest home is the one that has already been built. But at the same time, nearly half of U. S. carbon

emissions come from heating, cooling and __51__ our homes, offices and other buildings. \"You can't deal with climate change without dealing with existing buildings,\" says Richard Moe, the president of the National Trust.

With some __52__, the oldest homes tend to be the least energy-efficient. Houses built before 1939 use about 50% more energy per square foot than those built after 2000, mainly due to the tiny cracks and gaps that __53__ over time and let in more outside air.

Fortunately, there are a __54__ number of relatively simple changes that can green older homes, from __55__ ones like Lincoln's Cottage to your own postwar home. And efficiency upgrades (升级) can save more than just the earth; they can help __56__ property owners from rising power costs.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

A) accommodations B) clumsy C) doubtful D) exceptions E) expand F) historic G) incredibly H) powering I) protect J) reduced K) replace L) sense M) shifted N) supplying O) vast

答案Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in depth)

47. G incredibly 48. K replace 49. J reduced 50. L sense 51. H powering

52. D exceptions 53. E expand 54. O vast 55. F historic 56. I

protect