状语从句是英语语法中的常⽤句型语法,那么⼤家是否清楚什么是状语从句呢?下⾯就是⼩编给⼤家带来的初中英语状语从句详细解析,希望能帮助到⼤家!
状语从句详细解析
⼀、什么是状语、状语从句?
状语:是⽤来修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句⽤的。 eg:He works hard! (他努⼒⼯作)中的hard。 状语的位置:
修饰形容词或副词的状语放在被修饰语之前。
eg:The Summer Palace is very beautiful.颐和园⾮常美丽。 (very 为状语,修饰形容词 beautiful,放在 beautiful 之前)。 修饰动词的状语有的放在动词前,有的放在动词之后。 如果动词有宾语,状语⼀般须放在宾语之后。
eg: I He often came here to see me.他经常到这⾥来看我。(often 为状语,修饰动词came,放在前⾯)。
I know him well.我⼗分了解他。(well为状语,修饰动词 know,放在 know 之后)。
状语从句:⽤⼀个(从句)来作另⼀个句⼦(主句)的状语,⽤作状语的句⼦就叫作状语从句。作什么样的状语就叫什么类型的状语从句。例如:条件状语从句就是⽤⼀个句⼦来作条件状语。
⼆、状语从句的分类。 (1)时间状语从句
凡是从句都必须有引导词,引导时间状语从句的词有when,before,after,until,as
soon
as,while 等,具体⽤法如下:
1. when 意为“当……时”,引导时间状语从句,表⽰主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发⽣。 eg: I feel very happy when you come to see me. When you are crossing the street,you must be careful.
when引导的时间状语从句,when的从句可以⽤延续性动词,也可以⽤瞬间动词。 eg:He was working at the table when I went in. 。 Someone knocked at the door when I was sleeping. I will visit my good friend when I have time.
注:when也可以作并列连词,表⽰⼀个动词正在进⾏的时候,突然间发⽣了另外⼀件事。 eg: I was fishing by the river,when someone called for help. We were working in the chemistry lab,when the lights went out.
2. before 意为“在……之前”,引导时间状语从句时,表⽰主句的动作发⽣在从句的动作之前。 eg:We cleaned the classroom before we left school yesterday.
He had been a cook before he went to college .
after 意为“在……之后”,引导时间状语从句时,表⽰主句的动作发⽣在从句的动作之后。 eg: After you use plastic bags,you mustn't throw them about. He called me after he had finished his work.
注:若主句和从句两个动作发⽣的先后顺序⼗分接近,那么也可以不⽤完成时态,如上⾯的 第⼆句可改成:He called me after he finished his work.
3. since引导的时间状语从句,译为“⾃从……”,主句常⽤现在完成时,从句常⽤⼀般过去时。 eg: I have taught English, since I came to Shenzhen.
注:常⽤句型:It is +时间段+since从句 译为:⾃从……有多长时间了。 eg. It is six years since she graduated from the university.
4. until 意为“直到……时”,引导时间状语从句时,表⽰主句的动作发⽣在从句的动作之前。 当主句的谓语动词是持续性动词时,主句常⽤肯定形式;当主句的谓语动词是⾮持续性动词时,从句常⽤否定形式,not…until… 意为“直到……才……”,这时的until可以⽤before 来替换。
eg:I'll stay here until you come back.
我会呆在这⾥,直到你回来。 (stay表⽰的 动作可以持续) He didn't go to bed until he finished his homework. 他直到做完作业才睡觉。(go to bed 表⽰的动作不能持续)
5. as soon as 意为“⼀……就……”,表⽰从句的动作⼀发⽣,主句的动作马上就发⽣。 eg:I'll tell him about it as soon as he comes back.
6. while引导的时间状语从句,常译为“与……同时,在……期间”,while的从句中常⽤延续性动词或表⽰状态的词。
eg. They rushed in while we were discussing problems.
Father was cleaning the car while I was playing computer games. 注:while也可以作并列连词,表转折的关系,相当于but,译为“然⽽”。 eg. I like listening to music,while my brother likes doing sports.
7. till和until引导的时间状语从句,译为“直到……为⽌”,not … till / until引导的时间状语从句,译为“直到……才”。前者强调主句动作的结束,⽤延续性动词,后者强调主句动作的开始,⽤瞬间动词。
eg. I will wait for my friend until / till he comes. 我要⼀直等到我朋友来。 We won't start our discussion until / till he comes. 我们要等到他来了,再开始我们的讨论。 (2)条件状语从句
1.条件状语从句通常由if, unless引导。 eg:What shall we do if it snows tomorrow? Don’t leave the building unless I tell you to.
2.在条件状语从句⾥,谓语动词通常⽤现在时态表⽰将来的动作或状态。(主将从现) eg:I’ll help you with your English if I am free tomorrow. He won’t be late unless he is ill.
3.“祈使句 + and (or)+ 陈述句” 在意思上相当于⼀个带有条件状语从句的复合句。 eg:Hurry up, or you’ll be late.=If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late. Study hard and you will pass the exam. =If you study hard, you will pass the exam. (3) 原因状语从句
1.原因状语从句通常由because, since, as引导。 eg:He didn’t come to school because he was ill. As it is raining, we shall not go the zoo.
Since you can’t answer the question, I’ll ask someone else.
2. because表⽰直接原因,语⽓最强。Because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问题,只能⽤because。As和since语⽓较弱,⼀般⽤来表⽰明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从居多放在句⾸。
eg:------Why aren’t going there? ------Because I don’t want to. As he has no car, he can’t get there easily. 3. because和so不能同⽤在⼀个句⼦⾥。
For 语⽓最弱,它所引导的分句必须放主句后⾯,引补充说明作⽤。 eg:Put on more clothes, for it's cold outside. 注:because, since, as, for 的区别
语⽓ 位置 意义
because 最强 前或后 “原因”;表客观因果关系;回答“” as 较强 前 “由于”;把众⼈所知的事实当作理由 since 较弱 前 “既然”;就对⽅陈述的事实作为理由 for 最弱 后 “理由”;对某⼀事实进⾏推断的理由 (4)地点状语从句
常⽤where(哪⾥)和wherever(⽆论哪⾥)
eg. Where there is a will,there is a way. 有志者,事竟成。
We will go wherever the motherland need us most. 我们要到祖国最需要的地⽅去。
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