英
语
2018.05.03
本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。满分 120 分，考试用时 120 分钟。
第一部分 听力（略）
第二部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分 35 分）
第一节 单项填空（共 15 小题：每题 1 分，满分 15 分）
21. Sometimes it’s hard to accept the truth the lie sounds so much better. A. because B. unless C. though D. until 22.Held inside for too long, regret affect the immune system. A. must B. can C. should D. shall 23. Coming-of-age is a ceremony young people wear traditional costumes to mark the transition from youth to adulthood.
A. that B. what C.as D. where 24.We come from different cultures, and carry with different histories.
A.it B. that C.us D. them 25. The couch of the football team to resign to take responsibility for the failure, but it was rejected.
A. offered B. managed C. needed D. afforded 26.The suspect was released ,as the evidence was and, to some extend, ambiguous. A. clear B. thin C. hard D. negative 27.--Can you put me about the World Cup Football Match? --Sorry. I myself know nothing about it. A.in the air B. on the move C.in the picture D. on the post 28. The selfie has inspired risk-taking behavior, from a skyscraper or posing with live explosives.
A. pushed
B. to push
C. pushing
D. having pushed
, it is easy to understand why new
the boundaries of safety, whether by
hanging
29. As more and more companies extend their global opportunities birth in various locations. A. concern
B. appeal
C. reach
D. consensus
30. Through the use of blogs, shy students who rarely A. advance
B. focus
during class discussions are given a voice. C. compromise
D. contribute
31. The agency will make travel arrangements for you. A. Similarly
B. Furthermore
, you can organize your own transport.
D. Alternatively
C. Instead
32. We watched the harbour and then the coastline A. turn away
B. fade away
into the morning mist. C. wear away
D. break away
33. The banker finds it difficult A. to treat C. to have treated
just as an ordinary human being at home.
B. to be treated D. to have been treated
34. They say at the end of your life, you regret the stuff you didn’t do more than the stuff that you ____. A. do
B. did
C. had done
D. would do
35. --- Hey, can you lend me some money, buddy? I am hard up these days.
-- . The funds I bought came down again yesterday and I don’t have a bean now.
B. No worry
C. No problem
D. Forgive me
A. Forget it
第二节 完型填空（共 20 题：每题 1 分，满分 20 分）
What brought McCoy that Baltimore alley was nothing to be proud of. McCoy was looking for a safe place to do 36 . He had been there for only a minute when something caught his eyes: a brown leather Rioni handbag. Picking it up, he found it had been 37 of everything but an electricity bill. McCoy could 38 all too well. One of his 39 possessions, the sleeping bag, had recently been stolen. Remembering how angered he’d been by his own 40 , he decided to return the purse. He began right away, starting with the 41 on the bill. It was on the other side of the city. On the way, several people asked to buy the purse, but he 42 , “I’m returning this to its owner.”
After traveling much of the day and 43 approaching the address, he was stopped by a woman called Smith. She asked to buy the purse. 44 , McCoy refused, saying he was searching for its owner. “But I am the owner,” the woman said.
At Smith’s 45 . McCoy told her his story. He’d been in charge of a landscaping business until 2012, when he was in a car accident that 46 him addicted to narcotics. Smith, 47 , this stranger had gone to such great strengths to return her bag, asked to do something to help. “I’m a heroin addict,” McCoy 48 . “I’m probably going to let you down.”
Undaunted, Smith gave him her phone number, saying, “If you want to go to rehab, call me.” She 49 his lost sleeping bag with her own, then drove him back and left, thinking that would be the 50 of it. Two days later, she got a call.
Smith realized that McCoy was 51 about getting better; he even gave her the name of a 28-day rehab facility in Florida. So she 52 her saving account and bought McCoy a plane ticket. While there, he would call her. “I heard his 53 over the phone. Every day he would call me, and it went from this scared, 54 voice to a healthy, energetic voice.”
After 28 days there, McCoy is drug-free. His life is back 55 . One crime victim would empathize with another’s loss. 36. A. drugs B. sports C. business D. study 37. A. rid B. removed C. emptied D. cheated 38. A. recall B. relate C. remember D. reflect 39. A. few B. many C. illegal D. original 40. A. loss B. deed C. desire D. response 41. A.name B. date C. number D. address 42. A. added B. declined C. promised D. hesitated 43. A. slowly B. secretly C. finally D. cautiously
44. A. Then 45. A. urging 46. A. kept 47. A. amused 48. A. insisted 49. A. shared 50. A. end 51. A. careful 52. A. went into 53. A. satisfaction 54. A. calm 55. A. at will
B. Actually B. insulting B. left
B. confused B. repeated B. replaced B. start B. casual B. dug into B. expectation B. anxious B. at risk C. Constantly C. approving C. found C. amazed C. declared C. exchanged C. result C. serious C. looked into C. transformation C. pleasant C. on duty D. Again
D. threatening D. saw
D. concerned D. warned D. compared D. cause D. doubtful D. checked into D. determination D. desperate D. on track
第三部分 阅读理解（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）
请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项， 并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
Your Costa Rica tour is fully guided from start to finish --- and all-inclusive --- with all hotels, all meals, and all activities. Join the smart shoppers and experienced travelers who rely on Caravan. Day 8. Explore Manuct Antonio National Park. Hike through the rainforest and along spectacular beach coves. Enjoy a thrilling aerial train adventure. Day 9. Return with wonderful memories, Hasta la vista! --- Caravan Your Costa Rica Tour Itinerary Day 1. Your tour starts in San Jose, Costa Rica. Day 2. Explore Poas Volcano and view inside the active crater. Day 3. Visit to a wildlife rescue center. Day 4. Cruise on the Rio Frio into Cano Negro Wildlife Refuge. Enjoy a relaxing soak in volcanic hot springs. Day 5. Hike on the Hanging Bridges. Continue to Costa Rica’s Pacific Coast. Day 6. Free time at your beach resort. Day 7. Cruise on the Tarcoles River. Enjoy bird watching & crocodile spotting. Continue to your Manuel Antonio hotel, located at the National Park entrance. Choose Your Guided Tour plus tax & fees Guatemala with Tikal 10 days $1395 Costa Rica 9 days $1295 Panama Canal Tour 8 days $1295 Nova Scotia, P.E.I. 10 days $1495 Canadian Rockies 9 days $1795 Grand Canyon, Bryce, Zion 8 days $1495 California Coast, Yosemite 8 days $1595 Mt. Rushmore, Yellowstone 8 days $1395 New England, Fall colors 8 days $1395 “All Hotels Were Excellent! There is no way I would’ve stayed in such superior and sophisticated hotels for the price I paid” --- Client Salinas, CA “Brilliant, Affordable Pricing” --- Arthur Frommer, Travel Editor 56. During the 9-day tour, tourists will have a chance to . A. spend time in volcanic hot springs B. hike in the desert C. feed crocodiles and birds D. camp in a national park
57. Which promotion strategy does the tour agency employ?
A. Revealing others’ shortcomings. B. Reducing its original price. C. Presenting tourists’ comments. D. Giving away free activities.
B
Humanity has begun wrestling with the dangers of global threats such as climate change. But few authorities are planning for catastrophic solar storms-huge eruptions of mass and energy from the sun that destroy Earth’s magnetic field. In a recent paper, two Harvard University scientists estimate the potential economic damage from such an event will increase in the future and could equal the current U.S. GDP-about $20 trillion-150years from now.
This kind of storm has happened before. The so-called Carrington Event in 1859, the most intense magnetic storm ever recorded on Earth, caused auroras (极光) in the atmosphere and even delivered electric shocks to telegraph operators. But a Carrington-scale storm today would cause far more harm because society now depends so heavily on electrical power grids, communications satellites and GPS.
In an effort to quantify that threat, astrophysicists Abraham Loeb and Manasvi Lingam of the Harvard- Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics developed a mathematical model that assumes society’s vulnerability (脆弱性) to solar storms will grow with technological advances. Under this model, during the next 50 years the potential for economic damage will depend primarily on the rising odds of a strong solar storm over time. Beyond 50 years our vulnerability will increase dramatically with technological progress until the latter levels off.
Some scientists question the model’s predictions. “Estimating the economic impact is challenging now, let alone in over a century,’’ says Edward Oughton, a research associate at the University of Cambridge’s Center for Risk Studies. Yet he warns that uncertainty should not stop us from practical preparations, such as making power grids stronger and improving early-warning systems.
Loeb and Lingam think up a much wider strategy: a $100-billion magnetic deflector shield (导流板), positioned between Earth and the sun. This idea seems “pretty preposterous,” however, given that solar particles arrive at Earth from all directions, says Daniel Baker, director of the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics at the University of Colorado Boulder.
A better understanding of “space weather”-the changing condition in Earth’s outer space environment, including solar radiation and particles-could help find the best strategies for confronting a dangerous solar storm, says Stracey Worman, a senior analyst at consulting firm Abt Associates. “This is a challenging but important question,” Worman says, “that we need more eyes on.”
58. According to Edward Oughton, which of the following about solar storms is right?
A. They will become much stronger in 150 years. B. Technology makes their potential damage grow.
C. It’s difficult to predict their possible economic damage. D. Space weather forecast can effectively help deal with them. 59. The underlined word “preposterous” in Paragraph 5 means A. unreasonable
B. practical
. . D. inflexible
C. innovative
60. The author writes the passage mainly to A. report the damage of solar storms
B. remind people to guard against solar storms C. introduce the characteristics of solar storms D. analyze the possible cause of solar storms
C
There are plenty of good reasons for a young person to choose to go to university: intellectual growth, career opportunities, having fun. Around half of school-leavers in the rich world now do so, and the share is rising in poorer countries, too.
Governments are keen on higher education, seeing it as a means to increase social mobility and economic growth. But they tend to overestimate the benefits and ignore the costs of expanding university education. Often, public money just feeds the arms race for qualifications.
As more young people seek degrees, the returns both to them and to governments are lower. Employers demand degrees for jobs that never required them in the past and have not become more demanding since. In a desperate attempt to stand out, students are studying even longer, and delaying work, to obtain master’s degrees.
Spending on universities is usually justified by the “graduate premium” — the increase in earnings that graduates enjoy over non-graduates. These individual gains, the thinking goes, add up to an economic increase for society as a whole. But the graduate premium is a flawed unit of calculating. Part of the usefulness of a degree is that it gives a graduate jobseeker an advantage at the expense of non-graduates. It is also a signal to employers of general qualities, such as intelligence and diligence, that someone already has in order to get into a university. Some professions require qualifications. But a degree is not always the best measure of the skills and knowledge needed for a job. With degrees so common, recruiters are using them as a simple way to evaluate applicants. Non-graduates are thus increasingly locked out of nice work.
In any case, the premium counts only the winners and not the losers. Across the rich world, a third of university students never graduate. It is the weakest students who are drawn in as higher education expands and who are most likely to drop out. They pay fees and sacrifice earnings to study, but see little increase in their future incomes. When dropouts are included, the expected financial return to starting a degree for the weakest students shrinks to almost nothing. Many school-leavers are being misled about the probable value
of university.
Governments need to offer the young a wider range of options after school. They should start by rethinking their own hiring practices. Most insist on degrees for public-sector jobs that used to be done by non-graduates, including nursing, primary-school teaching and many civil-service posts. Instead they should seek other ways for non-graduates to prove they have the right skills and to get more on-the-job training.
School-leavers should be given a wider variety of ways to gain job skills and to demonstrate their employability in the private sector. If school qualifications were made more strict, employers would be more likely to trust them as signals of ability, and less insistent on degrees. Universities should grant credits to dropouts for the parts of courses they have completed. They could also open their exams to anyone who wants to take them, and award degrees to those who succeed.
Such measures would be more efficient at developing the skills that increase productivity and should save public money. To promote social mobility, governments would do better to direct funds to early-school education and to helping students who would benefit from university but cannot afford it. Young people, both rich and poor, are ill-served by the arms race in academic qualifications, in which each must study longer because that is what all the rest are doing. It is time to disarm. 61. How does the author consider higher education?
A. It’s a good way to raise students’ social status. B. It definitely benefits the development of economy. C. It will amply reward individuals and governments. D. It’s a waste of money for some students and taxpayers. 62. What does the underlined word “them” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Degrees.
B. Returns.
C. Employers.
D. Jobs
63. What is the authors’ preferred solution to the issue?
A. To decrease university drop-out rates.
B. To improve the teaching qualities of universities. C. To open more public-sector jobs to non-graduates. D. To provide school-leavers with proper job training. 64. What is the best title for the passage?
A. Measures to boost social mobility B. Time to end the academic arms race C. Difficulty in solving unemployment D. Necessity of changing hiring practices
D
Recently, I was made keenly aware of the different Englishes I do use. I was giving a talk to many people, the same talk I had already given to half a dozen other groups. The nature of the talk was about my writing, my life, and my book, The Joy Luck Club. The talk was going along well enough until I remembered
one major difference that made the whole talk sound wrong. My mother was in the room. And it was perhaps the first time she had heard me give a lengthy speech, using the kind of English I have never used with her. I was saying things like, “the intersection of memory upon imagination”—a speech filled with all the forms of standard English that I had learned in school, the forms of English I did not use at home with my mother. ① You should know that my mother’s expressive command of English doesn’t show how much she actually understands. She reads the Forbes report and listens to Wall Street Week —all kinds of things I can’t begin to understand, ② Yet some of my friends tell me they understand none of what my mother says, as if she were speaking pure Chinese. But to me, my mother’s English is perfectly clear, perfectly natural. ③ Her language, as I hear it, is vivid, direct, full of observation and imagery. That was the language that helped shape the way I saw things, expressed things, made sense of the world.
Lately, I’ve been giving more thought to the kind of English my mother speaks. ④ Like others, I have described it to people as “broken” English. But I wince when I say that. It has always bothered me that I can think of no way to describe it other than “broken”, as if it were damaged and needed to be fixed, I’ve heard other terms used, “limited English”, for example. But they seem to indicate that everything is limited, including people’s perceptions of the limited English speaker.
And I had plenty of evidence to support me: the fact that people in department stores, at banks, and at restaurants did not take her seriously, did not give her good service, pretended not to understand her, or even acted as if they did not hear her.
When I was fifteen, she used to have me call people on the phone to pretend I was she. One time I was forced to call her stockbroker in New York and say in an adolescent voice that was not very convincing, “This is Mrs. Tan”. And my mother was standing in the back whispering loudly, “why he don’t send me check, already two weeks late. So mad he lie to me, losing me money”. And then I said in perfect English and gave him warnings. The following week there we were in front this astonished stockbroker, and I was sitting there red-faced and quiet, and my mother, the real Mrs.Tan, was shouting at his boss in her broken English.
I think my mother’s English almost had an effect on limiting my possibilities in life as well. Sociologists and linguists probably will tell you that a person’s developing language skills are more influenced by peers. But I do think that the language spoken in the family, especially in immigrant families plays a large role in shaping the language of the child. I also had teachers who were trying to steering me away from writing and into math and science.
Fortunately, I happen to be rebellious in nature and enjoy the challenge of disproving assumptions made about me. I became an English major my first year in college. When I began to write, I decided I should envision a reader for the stories I would write. And the reader I decided upon was my mother, because there were stories about my mothers. So with this reader in mind—and in fact she did read my early drafts—I began to write stories using all the Englishes I grew up with: the English I spoke to my mother, which for lack of better term might be described as “simple”; the English she used with me, which for lack of better term might be described as “broken”; and what I imagined to be her translation of her Chinese if she could speak in perfect English, her internal language, and for that I sought preserve the essence, but neither an English nor a Chinese structure. I wanted to capture what language ability tests can never reveal: her intent, her passion, her imaginary, the rhythms of her speech and the nature of her thoughts.
Apart from what any critic had to say about my writing, I knew I had succeeded where it counted when my mother finished reading my book and gave me her opinion: “So easy to read.” 65. What happened during the speech, according to paragraph 1?
A. The author’s mother arrived unexpectedly at the speech. B. The author delivered wrong information to the audience. C. The author admitted that she could use standard English.
D. The author began to reflect on the different Englishes she used. 66. In which blank can we put the sentence “It’s my mother tongue.”?
A. ① B.② C.③ D.④
67. How does the author feel about her mother’s English being described as “limited”?
A. Ashamed B. uncomfortable C. Astonished D. Disappointed. 68. The author tells the story in Paragraph 5 to .
A. show the limitations of her mother’s English.
B. Indicate that people in New York are easily taken in. C. explain the reasons for others’ bad attitude to her mother. D. display the difficulty immigrants had fitting into society. 69. In what way was the author influenced by her mother？
A. Her mother helped her draft her writing. B. Her mother greatly shaped her writing. C. Her mother’s language ability inspired her. D. Her mother’s language almost ruined her life. 70. What can be learned from the passage?
A. The author’s writing retells what happened to her mother.
B. American language ability tests are unfair to Chinese immigrants. C. The author finds it impossible to describe her mother’s language. D. The author feels lucky to have inherited culture from her mothers.
第四部分任务型阅读(共 10 小题：每小题 1 分，满分 10 分)
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。 注意：请将答案写在答题纸上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。
What can we learn from Amish people?
Many people think of the Amish as living without. These devout communities, predominantly located in Pennsylvania, Ohio and Indiana, go without cars, TVs, computers, phones or even the electricity needed to run so much of 21st century gadgetry. But what researchers who have studied them have found is what the Amish have a surplus of: good health in late life. The average American life expectancy is currently just under 79 years. Back in 1900, it was only 47, but for early–20th century Amish it was already greater than 70. Over the decades, most Americans have caught up in overall life expectancy, but the Amish still have a significant edge in late-life health, with lower rates of cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and more. So how do they do it?
Start with lifestyle. Amish communities are agrarian, with no modern farm equipment, meaning all the work has to be done by hand. In 2004, the American College of Sports Medicine fitted Amish volunteers with pedometers to determine how much physical activity they performed. The results were dramatic. Amish men took 18,425 steps a day and women 14,196 steps, compared with non-Amish people who are encouraged by doctors to shoot for at least 10,000 steps–and typically fail. Including other forms of manual labor–lifting, chopping, sowing, planting–the Amish are six times as active as a random sample of people from 12 countries.
One result of this is that only 4% of Amish people are obese, compared with 36.5% of the overall US population. Amish children are about one-third as likely as non-Amish to be obese, according to a 2012 study in PLOS One. This means 50% lower rates of Type 2 diabetes.
The near absence of tobacco in the Amish community--some men do smoke cigars--results in a 63% lower rate of tobacco-related cancers, according to a 2004 study of Ohio's Amish population. The Amish also had rates of all cancers that were 40% lower than the rest of the Ohio population.
Cardiovascular disease is one area in which the Amish don't have an edge, with blood-pressure and heart-disease rates slightly higher than those of other populations. Some of this might be attributed to the Amish diet, which is heavy on pancakes, eggs and sausage for breakfast, and meat, potatoes, gravy and bread for dinner. Working the farm can burn off those calories, but all the fat and salt and carbs still have a bad effect.
The most powerful weapon in the Amish long-life arsenal, however, may be genes. The Amish population in the US is about 318,000, descended from just 200 families that immigrated in the 1700s. They mostly marry within their own communities, which means the genes that existed when their ancestors got to America have remained. That can be a dangerous thing if bad genes are hidden in the mix but a good thing if the genes are sound. While no community is without genetic problems, the Amish seem to have gotten a lucky draw.
In a study released last November, researchers announced the discovery of a gene in an Amish community that seemed to be associated with an average life span 10% longer than that of people without the gene.
While much of the Amish advantage is unique to the Anish themselves, there is one long-life lesson on they can teach everyone else. Almost all elderly people in the Amish community are cared for at home, by relatives. This isn't always realistic or possible in the non-Amish world, but when it is, it plays huger health dividends than medicine does.
What can we learn from Amish people? Outline Introduction to the Amish Supporting details The Amish (71) the average American by more than 20 years last century. The Amish in general enjoy better health than most people when they are (72) The Amish have to (74) by hand due to the lack Of agricultural equipment. Thus, they are more (75) active, taking more steps than the non-Amish people. Various forms of manual labor (76) that they suffer less obesity. (77) smoking contributes to lower rates of tobacco-related cancers among the Amish. The Amish are able to (78) their genes pure by marrying within their communities. Factors in the Amish’s (73) Lifestyles Genes
Problems with the Amish’s The Amish's diet, (79) more fat, salt and carbs than lifestyles needed, brings about high blood pressure and heart-disease rates. Lesson from the Amish The power of family affection may go (80) medicine. that of
第五部分 书面表达(满分 25 分）
81. 请认真阅读下面这幅图片及相关文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇 150 词左右的文章
Mum: It’s time to list some written family rules in order to help our son form good habits. Dad: I agree. But what do you want to include in the list? Mum: First, we must stress the importance of honesty. Dad: Right. Then not hurting anyone’s feelings is also necessary. Do you think so ? Mum: Yes, and good manners can’t be ignored. For example, knock on closed door before entering. Dad: Good idea, but I think it will be better if our son can involve himself in some home affairs, so... Mum: So let’s encourage him to express his opinion. Dad: You are so thoughtful. Let’s do it. 【写作内容】
1. 用约 30 个单词概述图片和文字的主要内容； 2. 用约 120 个单词阐述你的观点，内容包括：
（ 1） 对“设立家规”这一做法的认识（至少两点）； （ 2） 请列举一条你家的家规以及你对它的理解。 【写作要求】
1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句； 2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
1. 3. 不必写标题。 【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当
南京市2018届高三年级第三次模拟考试
英语参考答案 2018.05
第一部分听力理解（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分） 1-5 BAACB 6-10ACCBA 11-15 BCACA 16-20 BBACC
第二部分英语知识运用（共35小题；每小题1分，满分35分） 21-25ABDCA 26-30 BCCCD 31-35 DBBBA
36-40 ACBAA 41-45 DBCDA 46-50BCDBA 51-55CBCDD 第三部分 阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 56-57 AC 58-60 CAB 61-64DADB 65-70 DCBABD
第四部分任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 71.survived/outlived 72.old/aging 73.favor/favour/interest(s) 74. farm/work/labor/labour 75. physically 76. ensure/guarantee 77.Little/Less 78.keep 79.containing 80.above/beyond
第五部分书面表达（满分25分） 81. One possible version
Due to their child’s lying about the exam, a couple have a thorough discussion and decide to list some family rules, which they think will help regulate his behavior. (29 words)
Family rules are an effective tool for motivating and disciplining children. First of all, under the guidance of family rules, every child in the family will become clear about parents’ expectations. In addition, family rules help children understand what behaviors are acceptable, which can help children learn to observe rules in other places.
My family also has a list of family rules, which apply to not only me but also my parents. For instance, one of them is “Pick up after yourself”. We are expected to put away our stuff after we are done with it. It enhances household safety and cleanliness, helping me develop a good habit of keeping clean.
So let’s work together to obey the family rules, which can result in a harmonious family relationship. (128 words)
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