（一） 印象原则：书写工整、卷面整洁、字迹清
晰
（二） 语言第一位、结构第二位、内容第三位： Autos antomobile the auto .
从句、并列句、非谓语、it is that 、倒装、插入、1、 语言： 1） 基本正确
2） 丰富多变（词汇+句型） 2、 结构：逻辑性3p 1） 段落结构：总分(总)
（1） 主题句：翻译提纲，1句 （2） 论证：2句 （3） 小结： 2） 评分标准： （1） 关联词
（2） 同义替换（词汇+句型） （3） 代词替换 3、 内容：不跑题
第二节：作文学习方法language
背诵（10）----经典文章----默写（对照）----仿写 8
10
篇
第三节：不同文体介绍
记叙文、论说文、应用文、图表图画 论说文：现象解释型、观点论证型 【典例1】2011.06真题
展开方式：时间状语、伴随状语、地点状语、举例说明\\语气词、比较法、让步状语\\词组优先
Online Shopping
第一个和最后一个词，首字母大写
其他的词 实词大写 （n v a adv） 虚词小写(介词、连词)
不能少题目、不能改题目！！！
1. 现在网上购物已成为一种时尚。（展开）
2. 网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题。（展开） 3. 我的建议。（展开）
要求1. 现在网上购物已成为一种时尚
如今，随着信息技术的飞速发展，网上购物已经在越来越多的网络用户中获得了很大的普及。例如，现在的年轻人流行在一些著名的网站，如淘宝、易趣网和阿里巴巴，购买生活必需品，如书籍、衣服、电器设备。
Currently， online shopping has gained great popularity among the increasing number of web users.延展思维：举例 For enstance, it is fashionable for (强调句)the youngsters to purchase daily necessities (buy things 高级词汇、具体化 ) such as books,clothes and electrical equipment, on some well-knowed website, like Taobao,Ebay and Alibaba.
要求2. 网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题 毫无疑问，网上购物有很多优点。首先，相对于传统购物，它非常方便。??你需要做的只是点击你的鼠标然后等待即可，而不必步行或开车外出。其次，比实体店拥有更多的选择是吸引客户的另一个原因。 It物称代词 goes without doubt that online shopping offers a veriety of anvantages and benefits.First and foremost,句型：非谓语做伴随状语compared with the traditional shopping,it is extraordinarily convenient. 主语从句What you need to do is clicking your mouse
and wait,instead of going out by car or on foot. Furthermore,表存在there is another reason for buyers to choose it ,that is it has more choice表语从句.
然而，尽管网上购物很方便而且拥有更多的选择，我们也不能忽视其缺点。显然，质量问题是其第一个缺点。通常情况下，由于物品并不像网上描述地那么好，因此客户经常会买到假冒商品。此外，对于很多顾客而言，当对网上购买产品不满意的时候，要想换货会很麻烦和恼人。
介词短语In spite of convience and more choice,we can not turn a blind eye to its disadvantages and defeats.It is obvious that quality problem is its first shortcoming.Generally
speaking,customers
frequently buy fake commodities on the grouds that articles are not so good as they are described.In addtion,句型it is annoying and troublesome for consumers to make a change when they are diasatified with what were bought online.
要求3. 我的建议
作为一名大学生，我喜欢网上购物，但我认为应该采
取有效的措施以避免其产生的问题。具体来说，政府应该制定严格的条例和规则以防止网上店主的不忠和非法活动。只有通过这种方式网上购物才可以真正安全和吸引越来越多的客户。
总：As a college student,I prefer online shopping,but I deem that some effectives are supposed to taken to ward off
避免 the
problem.？？？？？？To be specific,虚拟语气It is high time that the government worked out strict rules and regulations to prevent the unfaithful and unlawful activities of online shop owners.倒装句（只要提措施就可以用）Only in this way ,can online shopping become really safe and sound合理的、安全的、健全的、健康的 and attract purchasers in growing numbers.
(一)、现象解释型 【典例1】2011.06真题
Online Shopping
要求1. 现在网上购物已成为一种时尚
要求2. 网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题 要求3. 我的建议
要求1. 现在网上购物已成为一种时尚
如今，随着信息技术的飞速发展，网上购物已经在越来越多的网络用户中获得了很大
的普及。例如，现在的年轻人流行在一些著名的网站，如淘宝、易趣网和阿里巴巴，购买 生活必需品，如书籍、衣服、电器设备。 要求2. 网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题 毫无疑问，网上购物有很多优点。首先，相对于传统购物，它非常方便。你需要做的
只是点击你的鼠标然后等待即可，而不必步行或开车外出。其次，比实体店拥有更多的选
择是吸引客户的另一个原因。然而，尽管网上购物很方便而且拥有更多的选择，我们也不
能忽视其缺点。显然，质量问题是其第一个缺点。通常情况下，由于物品并不像网上描述
地那么好，因此客户经常会买到假冒商品。此外，对于很多顾客而言，当对网上购买产品 不满意的时候，要想换货会很麻烦和恼人。 要求3. 我的建议
作为一名大学生，我喜欢网上购物，但我认为应该采取有效的措施以避免其产生的问
题。具体来说，政府应该制定严格的条例和规则以防
止网上店主的不忠和非法活动。只有
通过这种方式网上购物才可以真正安全和吸引越来越多的客户。
【典例2】2007.12真题
What Electives to Choose
P1：现象
要求1. 各大学开设了各种各样的选修课 要求2. 学生因为各种原因选择了不同的选修课 要求3. 以你自己为例......
要求1. 各大学开设了各种各样的选修课 高校努力为学生提供多种选修课程以供
选择。一些高等院校提供有关跨文化交流方面的选修课程，一些大学的选修课程表中有计 算机科学方面的课程。
要求2. 学生因为各种原因选择了不同的选修课 学生选择课程时有许多原因，在此我探讨一些最重要的因素。首先，学生在选择选
修课的时候往往会考虑个人的利益。也许这就是为什么跨文化交流课程在校园内流行的原
因。此外，一些大学生为了自身的职业前景和未来发
展而参加某些选修课程。最后，学生
会任意选择一个课程以弥补其所需学分，这也是另一个普遍的原因。 要求3. 以你自己为例......
就我而言，在挑选选修课时，我倾向于以个人兴趣为主。我现在正在上有关地理研究
和发现的课程，因为自从我还是一个孩子的时候就一直非常热衷于科学。
（二）观点论证类
2 0 11 . 1 2 真题：N o t h i n g S u c c e e d s Wi t h o u t a S t ro n g Wi l l b y c o m m e n t i n g o n
t h e h u m o ro u s s a y i n g , “Q u i t t i n g s m o k i n g i s t h e e a s i e s t t h i n g i n t h e w o r l d . I ’v e d o n e i t hundreds of times.”总（引言）-分（具体化—观点）
Noting Succeeds Without a Strong Will
要求1. 坚强的意志是成功的重要保证 要求2. 意志坚定的人才能完成伟大的使命
要求3. 学生也是这样，不刻苦学习，终究不会成为有用之才
要求1. 坚强的意志是成功的重要保证
现在有一种普遍的幽默的说法：“戒烟是世界上最容易的事情，我已经做了数百
次。”这种说法虽然很有趣，但却讽刺地反映了一个事实：对于任何想要成功的人而言，
坚强的意志是最基本的品质，它在我们的成功中起着至关重要的作用。
Noting Succeeds Without a Strong Will 总：抽象—引言。照搬Currently，there is a widespread humorous saying “Quitting smoking is the easiest thing in the world,I have done it hundreds of times.”分：具体—解释—观点 倒装句Funny as It is, 主句the saying ironcally reflects a fact: For anyone who intends to succeed,the strong will is the most essential quality ,and (which)plays a vital role in our success.
要求2. 意志坚定的人才能完成伟大的使命
我们的生活中充满了各种各样的可能让我们筋疲力尽的障碍和挫折。因此，我们必须
要有坚强的意志去迎接挑战。更重要的是，在我们为成功而努力的时候，还有许多诱惑在 等待着我们。
例如，当我们正在努力停止玩电脑游戏时，我的朋友们却玩地非常满意。那
么我们如何抵制诱惑呢？显然，只有坚强的意志，我们才能征服自己，实现我们的目标。
Our life involves various kinds of（前） obstacles and frustrations that(后) may exhaust us,
(so\herefore\\hence|consequantly)In consequence,we (must) are required to (have) possess a strong will to meet challenges. What is more important,when we are striving for success,there are various temptations await us. when we are doing our (best)utmost to provent (from)playing computer games,our friends are playing with satisfaction. Then how can we resist the temptations?(Obviously,)It is obvious that only with strong will can we conquer ourselves and realize out goals.
要求3. 学生也是这样，不刻苦学习，终究不会成为有用之才
就我们学生而言，我们在学习过程中也应该拥有坚强的意志，否则我们将来无法实现
自己的目标。总之，成功只属于那些能够忍受长期的辛劳并不断进行努力的人，就像那句 谚语所说：“有志者，事竟成。”
As for our students,It is high time that we obtained(possessed\\had)a strong will in the process of your study.Otherwise,we will fail to achieve ourselves in the forthcoming years(in the future).(In short\o
conclude\\in conclusion\\simply\o summrize\\in
summary)Simply stated,achievement only belongs to those who can suffer\\endure long period of toil and make constant efforts.Just as an old popular saying,”Where there is a will,there is a way.”
（三）、图表图画 例1：2002.06真题
要求1 . 上图所示为1 9 9 0 年、1 9 9 5 年、2 0 0 0 年某校大学生事业计算机的情况，请描述其变化。 要求2 . 请说明发生这些变化的原因（可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以 说明)
要求3. 你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题
要求1 . 上图所示为1 9 9 0 年、1 9 9 5 年、2 0 0 0 年某校大学生事业计算机的情况，请描述其变化。 如今学生们倾向于越来越多地使用电脑。阅读这张图表后我们可以发现，在过去十年中学生每周花在电脑上的平均小时数急剧上升。1 9 9 0 年此数字低于2 小
时；1 9 9 5 年此数字上升到近4个小时；到了2000年数字猛增到了20小时。显然电脑正变得越来越受欢迎。
要求2 . 请说明发生这些变化的原因（可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以 说明)
有几个原因可以解释这一迅速变化。首先，首当其冲和最重要的原因是人们意识到了
计算机的重要性。现在，计算机已经进入公司、学校、甚至家庭，并且已经成为我们现代
社会的一个重要部分。其次，价格的下降也有助于导致这一变化。随着科技的发展，电脑
的价格比十年前便宜了很多。更多的学生能够负担得起，因而可以自由使用。最后，计算
机使我们能够有效地处理事务；对于公司而言，可靠的计算机应用是至关重要的。
要求3. 你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题
然而，还存在一些问题，例如：质量差、设计过时等等。同时，如何平衡使用计算机
和学习之间的时间也是一个严重的问题。无论如何，只要我们恰当地使用，就会从中受益
很多。 例2：
（四）、应用文
1\\建议报考的专业和理由 2\\报考该专业的基本条件 3、应当如何备考
1\\建议报考的专业和理由
就你应该选择哪个专业，我建议你申请主修英语。首先，英语是世界上最流行的语言，它被广泛应用于各个领域，例如：教学、翻译、外贸等。更重要的是，不用说，在越来越紧张的工作市场中英语专业的学生更容易找到一份好工作。
2\\报考该专业的基本条件
要想在英语系学习，你必须符合以下要求。第一、你要在这方面花费很多时间，正如俗语说的那样：“熟能生巧”。此外，阅读、写作、听力和口语这些基本技能是必要的，因为它们是你以后学习的基础。最后，你需要对英语学习有强烈的兴趣，因为“兴趣是最好的老师。” 3、应当如何备考
至于准备工作，你应当复习所有要求的词汇。另外，你最好花一些时间阅读和写作。只有通过这些措施，你才能有望考入我们大学。
Online Shopping
Currently, with the rapid development of information
technology,online
shopping
has
gained great popularity among the increasing number of web users.For instance, It is fashionable for youngsters to purchase daily necessities,such as books,clothes and eletrical equitment,on some well-renowned Alibaba.
It goes without doubt that online shopping offers a veriety of advantages and benefits.First and
websites,like
Taobao,Ebay
and
foremost,compared with the traditional shopping,it is extraordinarily convenient.What you need to do is clicking your mouse and wait,instead of going out by foot and by car.Forthermore,there is another reason for buyers to choose it ,that is it has more choice.In spite of convience and more choice,we can not turn a blind eye to its disadvantages and defeats.It is obvious that quality problem is its first shortcoming.Generally speaking,customers frequently buy fake commodities on the grouds that articles are
not so good as they are described.In addtion,it is annoying and troublesome for consumers to make a change when they are diasatified with what were bought online.
As a college student,I prefer online shopping,but I deem that some effectiveare supposed to taken to ward off the problem.To be specific,It is high time that the government worked out strict rules and regulations to prevent the unfaithful and unlawful activities of online shop owners.Only in this way ,can online shopping become really safe and sound and attract purchasers in growing numbers.
What Electives to Choose
With the remarkable education reform and the increasing demands of students,universities strive to offer students various Elective courses.Some higher institutes provide the optional courses concerning the cross-cultural communication.Some colleges have computer science on their curriculum of selectives.
There are a multiple of(numberous) factors when the students choose their courses,and here I only explore some foremost ones.To begin with ,students tent to take their interest into consideration when they choose their optional courses.This is why the cross-caltural communication is popular on campus. Additionally,some undergraduates attend certain courses for their career prospects and future development.Last but not least,students would select a course at random to make up their credits,which is another reason for prevalence(popularity).
Form my own perspective,I inclined to(tend to) give priority to personal interest in selecting courses.Currently,I
am
taking
courses
about
geographical research and discovery,in that I have
been keen on science since I was a kid.
In the ever-changing 21th century,students tend to use computer more and more(increasingly).It can be detected that the everage number of hours that a student spends on the computer per week sharply ascended in the past decade(ten years).In 1990,the fingure was less than two hours,after 5 years,it jumped to 4 hours,by the year 2000,the number skyrocketed to 20 hours.Obviously, computers are becoming increasingly prevelent(popular).
There are some driving forces(factors\\reasons) that can account for (explain) the rapid change.Above all,on the top list of the factors is that people are aware
of
the
importance
have
of entered
computers.Currently,computers
companies,schools and even households,and have become an essential\\critical\\crucial\\vital(the most important)
part
of
our
modern
the
society.(Furthermore\\moreover\\additional)Plus,
drop of prices also contribute to the change. With the development of technology,computer became much
cheaper than ten years ago(decade). Most students can afford them,and therefore (so\\hence)can use them freely.Last but not least(last\\finally), computer (make \\enable\\have)empower us to (deal with、do with )handle affairs effectively，reliable computer applications（use） are essential\\critical\\crucial\\vital.
Nevertheless(but,however),there still exist some problems such as poor quality and out-dated design,etc. Meanwhile,how to balance the time between using computer and learning is also a serious problem. Anyhow,as long as we use them properly,we can benefit form (them) computer(最后一词，呼应主题).
Noting Succeeds Without a Strong Will
Currently，there is a widespread humorous saying “Quitting smoking is the easiest thing in the world,I have done it hundreds of times.”Funny as It is, the saying ironcally reflects a fact: For anyone who intends to succeed,the strong will is the most essential quality,and (which)plays a vital role in our success.
Our life involves various kinds of（前） obstacles and frustrations that(后) may exhaust us,
(so\herefore\\hence|consequantly)In consequence,we (must) are required to (have) possess a strong will to meet challenges. What is more important,when we are striving for success,there are various temptations await us. when we are doing our (best)utmost to provent (from)playing computer games,our friends are playing with satisfaction. Then how can we resist the temptations?(Obviously,)It is obvious that only with strong will can we conquer ourselves and realize out goals.
As for our students,It is high time that we obtained(possessed\\had)a strong will in the process of your study.Otherwise,we will fail to achieve ourselves in the forthcoming years(in the future).(In short\o conclude\\in
conclusion\\simply\o
summrize\\in
summary)Simply stated,achievement only belongs to those who can suffer\\endure long period of toil and make constant efforts.Just as an old popular saying,”Where there is a will,there is a way.”
A Letter in Reply to a Friend
October 5,2013 Dear LiMing,
When it comes to which major you should choose,I propose that you should apply for English major.First and for most,English is the most popular language in the world,which is widely used in various fields,such as teaching,traslation,foreign trades,etc.
What is more important,It goes without saying that English majors are more likely to find a job in tighter and tighter job market.
In order to study at English Department,you are required to meet the following requirement:First of all,you need spend much more time on it,just as an old saying goes,”Practice makes perfect”.Plus,the skills are necessary such as reading,writing,listening and speaking,,which are the basis of your further study.Last but not least,you have to possess interests in English study since “Interest is the best teacher.”
As for the preparation,you should preview all the words which are required.Further more,It is advisable for you to spend some time on reading and writing.Only through these measures,can you hope to
enroll in our university.
Sincerely yours,
Zhang Wei
As is shown above, the picture clearly demonstrates（证明）the relationship between the education level and earning in 2010(总). It（物称代词） is obvious that well-educated persons （定语）such as owning Doctoral degree and Master's degree have a high salary than those who have relatively（相应地） low degree（分—展开）. So we can observe that the higher level of education you receive, the higher income you get（总）.
People’s opinions about investment（投入） in education differ from person to person（总）.------不同观点型Some(S1,短、总) people say that knowledge could no longer change destiny（命运）. To them, it is not only a waste of money, but also a waste of time. Others （短）deem（认为） that education is worthy of investment.As for me， it is no doubt that education offers favorable（赞成的，有利的） working opportunity and handsome（客观的，慷慨的，） income, which enable us to buy what we want ,please what we love, and fulfill what we dream,and
correspondingly （相应地）we are able to build an ideal paradise where life can be enjoyed to the utter most.
In conclusion, we should realize significance（重要性） of education, which plays a crucial（重要的，决定性的） role in personal growth of career.In addition, it is convinced that education is the prospect （前途，景色）of a nation.（个人-----国家）
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