中考初中英语常用构词法归纳

中考初中英语常用构词法归纳

词汇的分类和构词法

一、复习要点阐述

我们学习的语言的每一篇文章都是由句子构成的。每一个句子都是由或多或少的词构成的。单词是语言构成的最基础内容，教英语的老师通常会说“一个学生记住的词汇是与他的英语成绩成正比。”这句话说明了一件事，就是词汇量的重要性。就像我们自己的国语中文，一个孩子从小到大，在日常生活中记住了大量的词汇，所以运用起来很自如。如何能记好英语的单词及其他们的用法，了解英语的词类和构词法对于一个考生来说是很重要的。所以在今天的专题中，我们将复习英语的词类和初中阶段我们所要掌握的几种构词法，使同学们对英语的词类及其简单的用法有一定的了解，并能正确的使用词汇。

二、要点复习的策略及技巧 （一）英语的词类

英语中的词类根据其语法功能分为名词、冠词、代词、数词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词、动词十类。根据意义又可以分为实词和虚词。实词指具有实际意义并能单独作句子成分的词。这些词是名词、数词、代词、形容词、副词和动词六类。虚词指没有实际意义或实际意义不明显、不能在句子中单独作句子成分的词。这些词是冠词、介词、连词和感叹词四类。 下面我们就词汇的分类、名称、作用及例词列表。

分类 词类 全称 简称 主语、宾语、定语、表名词 noun n. 语、同位语、补足语 Lily莉莉（女孩名），childhood童年，hair头发，visitor访问者，beauty漂亮 I我，we我们，their他（她、代词 实 词 数词 numeral num. 主语、宾语、定语、表one一个，ninth第九，60%百语、同位语、补足语 分之六十 clever聪明的，pretty漂亮的，popular流行的，interesting有趣的 curiously好奇地，bravely勇敢pronoun pron. 主语、宾语、定语、表它）们的，none没有一个，语、同位语 which哪一个，who谁，whatever无论什么 英语名称 句子成分 例词 形容词 adjective a.或 表语、定语、状语、补adj. 足语 副词

adverb ad.或 表语、状语、补足语 adv. 地，straight径直地，hard努力地 动词 冠词 verb article v. art. 谓语 decide决定，like喜欢，borrow借，change改变 a, an不定冠词，the定冠词 in在……里，before在……前面，beyond超过、在……外面 and同、和、与，when当……介词 preposition prep. 虚 词 连词 conjunction conj. 时候，until直到……为止，if如果，once一旦 感叹词 interjection int. oh啊、噢，ah啊，aha啊哈，alas啊呀，hurrah好哇 从上面的表格中我们简要地讲解了英语十大词类的基本用法。同学们可以仔细的体会一下此表的内容。这将有助于你们对句子和文章的理解。 （二）构词法

语言的基本要素之一是词汇。在语言发展的最初阶段，人们使用的是少量而简单的词汇，这些词汇只表示日常简单的事物和概念，构成语言最基本的词，称为原生词，也叫基本词或词根词。英语里的原生词大都是单音节的。如：sun, man, head, foot, fish, see, run等，其数量是有限的。随着社会的发展与进步，语言的扩充与融合使语言变得复杂，原有的原生词已不够用，人们便创造了一些新词来表示新有的事物与概念，按照语言一定的规律创造新词的方法，就是我们所说的构词法。在初中阶段我们学习了下列构词法，了解了这些构词法，我们对词的用法就更方便一些。

1. 合成法

合成法至今保持着旺盛的生命力，在现代英语中不少新词都是借助原有的词合成的。 1)名词+名词→名词

basket(篮子)+ball(球) →basketball篮球 book (书) +shop(商店) → bookshop书店 book(书) + store(商店) → bookstore书店 house(房子) +work(劳动) → housework家务劳动 home(家庭) + work(工作) → homework家庭作业 2) 形容词+名词→名词

black(黑色的)+board(木板)→ blackboard黑板 English(英国的)+man(人)→ Englishman英国人 loud(大声的)+speaker(说话者) → loudspeaker扬声器 3)动词的-ing形式＋名词

dining room 餐厅 drinking water 饮用水 sewing machine 缝纫机 running water 自来水 washing machine 洗衣机 writing desk 写字桌

walking stick 拐杖 writing paper 信纸

4)名词＋动词的-ing形式

shoe-making 制作鞋子 letter-writing 写信 handwriting 书法 dressmaking 做裙子 story-telling 讲故事 central heating 中央供暖 注意：合成词的构成方式有3种：

①词与词之间加连字符“-”； ②词与词合成一个词； ③词与词分开； 3) 介词+名词→名词(或形容词)

after(在后)+noon(正午) →afternoon下午 under(在下面)+ground (地面) → underground地下的 4) 名词+过去分词→形容词

man(人)+made(做) → man-made人造的 5) 名词(形容词)+名词+ed→形容词

glass(玻璃)+topped(顶部的) →glass-topped玻璃罩着的 kind(善良的)+hearted(心) →kind-hearted好心的 6) 副词+名词→介词

in(里面)+side(边) →inside在内 down(在下)+stairs(楼梯) →downstairs在楼下 2. 派生法

派生法是通过在词根上加后缀或前缀构成新词。它不仅扩充了英语词汇，而且丰富了语言的表现力。 后缀(后缀多数改变词性而不改变词义)： 1)动词或形容词+er/or →名词

write (v.)写 →writer (n.)作者 travel (v.) 旅行 →traveler (n.)旅客 foreign (adj.)外国的 →foreigner( n.)外国人

invent (v.)发明 →inventor (n.)发明家 visit (v.) 参观 → visitor (n.)参观者 2) 动词 +(t)ion/sion → 名词

invent (v.)发明 →invention( n.)发明 operate( v.)做手术 →operation( n.)手术 decide( v.)决定 → decision( n.)决定 attend (v. )注意/参加 → attention( n.)注意 3) 动词+ing/ed → 名词或形容词

build v. 建筑 →building n.建筑物 interest v.使感兴趣 →interesting/interested adj.有趣的 please v.使高兴 →pleased adj.高兴的 4) 名词+ese →名词和形容词

China( n.)中国 →Chinese ( n.)中国人 (adj.)汉语的 Japan( n.) 日本 →Japanese ( n.) 日本人 (adj.)日语的 5) 名词或动词+ ful →形容词

help( n.) 帮助 →helpful (adj)有帮助的 use( n.)使用 → useful( adj.) 有用的 6) 动词 +able → 形容词

enjoy( v.) 喜 欢 →enjoyable( adj.)有趣的 forget (v.) 忘记 → forgettable( adj.) 容易被忘的 7) 名词 +en →形容词

wool ( n.) 羊毛 →woolen (adj.)羊毛的 wood ( n.) 木材 →wooden( adj.)木制的

8) 名词 +y → 形容词

sun ( n.) 太阳 →sunny (adj.)阳光灿烂的 cloud ( n.) 云 → cloudy (adj.)多云的 luck( n.) 运气 → lucky( adj.)运气好的 noise( n.) 响声 →noisy( adj.)喧闹的 smell ( n.) 味道,气味 →smelly (adj.) 有使人难受的气味的,臭的 9)形容词 +ly →副词

happy( adj) 高兴的 →happily (adv.) 高兴地 wide (adj.) 宽广的 →widely (adv.) 宽广地 10) 形容词 +ness → 名词

good (adj.) 好的 →goodness ( n.)好意 kind (adj.) 善良的 →kindness ( n.)和蔼 happy (adj.) 开心的 →happiness (n.) 开心 11) 名词 +ly →形容词

friend ( n.) 朋友 →friendly (adj.)友好的 love ( n.) 爱 →lovely (adj.)可爱的 12) 名词 + less →形容词(词义与加ful相反)

care + less →careless (adj.) 粗心的 help + less →helpless (adj.) 无助的 13) 名词 + al →形容词

nation ( n.)民族→national adj. 国家的 education ( n.)教育→educational adj.教育性的 tradition ( n.) 传统→traditional adj. 传统的 14) 名词 + ist →名词

science( n.)科学 →scientist ( n.)科学家 piano ( n.)钢琴 →pianist ( n.)钢琴家 tour ( n.) 旅游,观光旅行 →tourist ( n.) 旅行者，观光客 15) 动词 + ment →名词

develop (v.)发展 →development( n.)发展 agree (v.)同意 →agreement ( n.) 同意，一致, 协议 argue (v.) 争论，辩论 →argument ( n.) 争吵;论据 16) 形容词 + ity →名词

able (adj.) 能够的 →ability ( n.)能力，才能 possible (adj.)可能的→possibility ( n.) 可能性 real( adj.) 真的,真实的 →reality( n.) 现实,实际,真实 17) 名词 +ous →形容词

danger ( n.)危险 →dangerous (adj.)危险的 18) 名词 +ish →形容词

fool ( n.) 愚人，傻瓜 →foolish (adj.)愚蠢的，傻的 child ( n.)孩子 →childish (adj.)孩子气的，幼稚的 book ( n.) 书 →bookish( adj.)书生气的 19) 形容词或名词 +en →动词

wide (adj.) 广泛的,宽阔的 →widen (v.) 弄宽 sharp( adj.) 锋利的,急剧的 →sharpen (v.) 使...尖锐,变为锐利

fright( n.) 惊吓 →frighten (v.) 使惊吓, 害怕，惊恐 20) 名词或形容词 +ify →动词

beauty (n.)美丽 →beautify (v.) 美化,变美,修饰 simple (adj.)简单的 →simplify (v.) 简化,使单纯 21) 形容词 +ize →动词

real (adj.) 真的，真实的 →realize (v.)了解, 实现, 察觉;领悟 memory ( n.)记忆力 →memorize (v.)记忆 22) 动词 +tive →形容词

act (v.) 行为,行动 →active (adj.) 积极的,主动的

attract (v.) 吸引,有吸引力 →attractive (adj.) 有吸引力的,引起注意的 23)动词 +ess →名词(女性)

host (v.)主持,做东 →hostess (n.) 女主人 act( v.) 行动,扮演 →actress (n.) 女演员 wait (v.)等待,等候 →waitress( n.) 女侍者,女服务员

前缀(前缀一般只改变词的意思而不改变其词性)： 1) un- (不，非，表示否定，形容词前缀) happy (高兴的) → unhappy(不高兴的) like (像) → unlike(不像)

2) im- (不，无，非，表示否定，形容词前缀，常用在p, b, m开头的单词前) possible (可能的) → impossible(不可能的) polite （礼貌的）→ impolite（不礼貌的） 3) in- (不，无，非，表示否定，形容词前缀) Active（活跃的） →inactive（不活跃的） Complete（完全的） →incomplete 不完全的 4) dis-(不，非，表示否定，动词或形容词或名词前缀)

honest （诚实的）→dishonest（不诚实的） agree（同意） →disagree（不同意） advantage优势→disadvantage不利,不利条件 5) mis- (表示错误)

understand （理解）→misunderstand (误解) mistake (错误)→ misuse (误用) 6) re- (再，重复)

tell 叙述→ retell复述 build 建筑 → rebuild 重建 write （写）→rewrite（重写） 7) bi- (两个、双边的) bicolor 双色的 8) inter- (相互、交互、在一起) interview, international, internet 9) tele- (远) telephone, television 10) kilo- (千)

meter 米→kilometer 公里，千米 gram 克→kilogram 千克 11) micro- (微，小) microwave oven 微波炉 microcomputer 微型电脑

12) sub- (下，次，亚，准，副)

subway 地铁，sub-zero 零度以下的，subcollege 准大学程度的，subworker 助手，副手， suboffice 分办事处，subcompany分公司 3. 转化法

在英语发展过程中，由于词尾的基本消失，衍生出一种新的构词法——转化法，而无须借助词缀，就实现词类的转化。 1) 名词→动词

rain n.雨 →rain v.下雨 shop n. 商店 →shop v.购物

water n.水 →water v.浇水 land n.陆地 →land v.着陆 name n.名字 →name v.命名

[注意] 不少动词转化为名词或名词转化为动词，词义没有什么大变化，易于推测出词义。如：answer(回答)，change(变化), fight(打架), love(爱), rest(休息), smile(微笑), shout(喊), study(学习), talk(谈话), visit(访问), wish(希望), work(工作)等。 2)形容词→动词

last adj.最后的 last v.持续 tidy adj.整洁的 tidy v.使整洁 own adj.自己的 own v.拥有 3) 形容词→名词

back adj.后面的 back n.背部，后面 light adj.明亮的 light n.灯 4) 动词→名词

stop v.停止 stop n.车站 lift v.举起 lift n.电梯 [注意]

①词形不变，读音的差别(字母s读[z]为动词，读[s]为名词或形容词)

use v.使用 use n.用途 excuse v.原谅 excuse n.借口 ②词形改变的转化：

live v.生活 life n.生活 fill v.装满 full adj.满的 save v.救 safe adj.安全的 enter v.进入 entrance n.入口处 different adj.不同的 difference n.不同之处 注意：形容词---名词

important—importance different—difference

4．缩写和简写

缩略法是把原有的词汇通过缩短，在读音和写法方面呈现新的形式。这种构词方式用得很普遍，特别是近几年来，随着科学技术的飞速发展，产生了很多新的缩略词。缩略法主要有如下几种。 （1）剪切法：剪切法是指从某个词的完整形式中删除一个或更多音节，由此构成新词的方法。 ①剪切原词的开始部分

bicycle—cycle 自行车 taxicab—cab 出租车 airplane/aeroplane—plane 飞机 telephone—phone 电话 ②剪切原词的中间部分

examination—exam 考试 taxicab—taxi 出租车

photograph—photo 图片 laboratory—lab 实验室 （2）混成法

混成法是指由两个词混合或紧缩而成为一个复合词的方法。这种复合词都保留了原来两个词的一部分，其后半部分表示主体，前半部分表示属性。 breakfast＋lunch→brunch 早晨和中午之间的饭 smoke＋fog→smog 浓烟 motor＋hotel→motel 汽车旅馆 boat＋motor→botor 电动船

news＋broadcast→newscast 新闻广播 television＋broadcast→telecast 电视广播

cheese＋hamburger→cheeseburger 放有干酪的肉饼 beef＋hamburger→beefburger 煎牛肉饼 European＋television→Eurovision 欧洲电视网

词汇的分类和构词法专项练习

根据句子的意义，用所给单词的正确形式填空。 1．It is one of the highest _______(build) in this city.

2．Liu Yutian is the first person to walk the whole _______(long) of the Great Wall. 3．I don’t know how to make the problem much _______(easy). 4．This baby just has three _______(tooth).

5．He was one of the _______(run) who won the race. 6．Look at the sun. Today is a _______(sun) day. 7．The students are enjoying _______(them) on the beach. 8．I’m afraid he’s made the wrong _______(decide) on that matter.

9．Mrs Brown became _______(worry) when she heard the news about her son. 10．Tony got the _______(two) place in the maths exam last month. 11．There is a _______(cut) machine in the middle of the workshop. 12．The wind blew _______(heavy) on the evening of Christmas Day.

13．Let’s have ten _______(minute) rest first, then we’ll go on collecting the litter. 14．Li Hua won the first place in the sports meet. He is the _______(proud) of our class. 15．Three Japanese _______(climber) were trapped on the mountain last Tuesday. 16．The TV play is so _______(interest) that I want to see it again. 17．Look! How _______(happy) the children are dancing!

18．The room next to mine is always _______(noise). 19．Don’t open your books. Please keep them _______(close). 20．The dictionary is very _______(help) to my study.

21．I’m going to give my sister some _______(beauty) flowers for her graduation. 22．The weather here is very fine. We have a lot of _______(sun) every day. 23．Among all his _______(invent), that is the most important one in his life. 24．A form was given Maggie to fill in her _______(person) information. 25．China is a _______country while America is a _______ country.(develop)

一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷

1．阅读理解

Happiness is for everyone. You don't need to care about those people who have beautiful houses with large gardens and swimming pools or those who have nice cars and a lot of money and so on. Those who have big houses may often feel lonely and those who have cars may want to walk on the country roads at their free time. In fact happiness is always around you if you put your heart into it. When you are in trouble at school, your friends will help you. When you study hard at your lessons, your parents are always taking good care of your life and your health. When you get success, your friends will say congratulations to you. When you do something wrong, people around you will help you to correct it. And when you do something good to others, you will feel happy too. All these are your happiness. If you notice them you can see that happiness is always around you. Happiness is not the same as money. It is a feeling of your heart. When you are poor, you can also say you are very happy because you have something else that can't be bought with money. When you meet with difficulties, you can say loudly you are very happy because you have more chances to challenge yourselves. So you cannot always say you are poor and you have bad luck. If you take every chance you get, you will be a happy and lucky person.

（1）Happiness is for .

A. all people B. those who have a lot money C. those who have large and beautiful houses D. those who have cars （2）When you do something wrong, .

A. you have no chance to challenge you B. people around you will help you C. your classmates will laugh at you D. you will be happy （3）\"Happiness is not the same as money\" means . A. money doesn't always bring happiness B. money always brings happiness C. everything can always bring happiness D. only rich people have happiness （4）Which is the best title for the passage?

A. Life and Success B. Happiness and Luck C. Do Something Good to Others D. Happiness 【答案】 （1）A （2）B （3）A （4）D

【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章主要论述了快乐无处不在，只要你抓住你的每一次机会，你就会快乐。 （1）细节理解题，根据 Happiness is for everyone. 可知，快乐是每一个人的，也就是所有人的，故答案是A。

（2）细节理解题，根据 When you do something wrong, people around you will help you to correct it. 可知，当你做错了事，你身边的人不帮助你改正。故答案是B。

（3）句意猜测题，一般而言，金钱可以买到一切物质性的东西，但是快乐是内心的一种感受，是不能够用金钱买到的，因此说金钱并不能够总是买到一切。故答案是A。

（4）标题判断题，从文章的第一句 Happiness is for everyone. 到文章的最后一句 you will be a happy and lucky person. 都是围绕着快乐展开论述的，故答案是D。

【点评】考查阅读理解，本题主要涉及到了细节理解题、句意猜测题和标题判断题，细节理解题一般可以直接从文中找到答案，句意猜测则需要根据其字面意思或者该句的前后句进行合理的想象和推理，而标题判断题则需要在从分理解文章的基础上，提炼中心，凝练句式。

2．阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Blue Lightning

Sally loved cars more than anything else. This spring she thought of building a go-kart to enter for the Go-Go Race. So she asked her dad for help.

\"Well,\" he said. \"How about this: you do some research first and then come back to me with a design.\" A week later, Sally brought her notes and drawings to Dad. She named her go-kart \"Blue Lightning\". Dad looked over her work, thinking. \"Well, that's interesting,\" he said. \"Have a try. Just build Blue Lightning as you've designed.\"

Over three weekends of hard work, Sally turned her design into a real, working go-kart and painted it light blue. Dad asked her to take it for a test drive. Sally agreed.

After she did that, Sally drove back to Dad. \"Well,\" she said. \"Now I know why you wanted me to have a test

drive.\"

\"Oh, do you?\" he said. \"Please share.\"

\"When I drove fast, there was a lot of pushback,\" she said. \"I think it's because of the lightning bolt (闪电) shape.\"

\"Very good!\" Dad said.

\"So, why didn't you tell me about that problem in the first place?\" Sally asked.

Dad laughed. \"Where's the fun in that? If you give a man a fish, he'll eat for a day. But if you teach a man to fish, he'll eat for a lifetime.\"

Sally said, \"I see. Anyway, designing is half the fun!\"

Dad smiled. \"Good. Sometimes, learning happens during the process. We learn how to do something right by doing it a few times first and making mistakes along the way.\"

That encouraged Sally and she worked even harder. When she showed Dad her new go-kart, he nodded with pride.

Finally came the race. Sally wasn't worried about whether she would win—in her mind, she had already won, by building something better than ever before.

（1）Sally thought of building a go-kart to ________.

A. practice driving B. enter for a race C. play with friends D. do some research （2）What did Sally's dad ask her to do after she built the go-kart? A. To have a test drive. B. To take a good rest. C. To give it a cool name. D. To paint it light blue. （3）Sally's story mainly tells us that ________.

A. winning a race is important B. fishing brings us a lot of fun C. driving experience is necessary D. learning happens during the process 【答案】 （1）B （2）A （3）D

【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要讲述在过程中学习，我们通过做某事数次，然后发现错误，最后学会怎样正确地做某事。

（1）细节题。根据 This spring she thought of building a go-kart to enter for the Go-Go Race.可知她想造卡丁车参加比赛，故选B。

（2）细节题。根据 Dad asked her to take it for a test drive. 造好卡丁车后，爸爸叫她进行测试驾，故选A。 （3）主旨题。文章主要讲述我们通过做某事数次，然后发现错误，最后学会怎样正确地做某事，在过程中学习，故选D。

【点评】细节题和主旨题是阅读理解题中常考题型。细节题要从文中寻找答案；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

3．阅读下面短文，从下面每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 One afternoon, on my way home, I saw a car accident (事故)!

I asked people for help, but no one stopped. When the car driver and his wife saw this, they quickly closed the window of the car and drove away. \"What shall I do? The old man needs help,\" I thought.

At that time, a truck stopped and the driver came out. \"What's wrong with the old man? What can I do?\" the driver asked me. \"Sir, please help the old man. A car hit him and he is badly hurt!\" I said. \"well, don't worry. Let me take him to the hospital first,\" the driver said.

A few minutes later, the driver took the old man to the hospital and I called the police. I told the whole story to the police and I also told them the number of the car. The police said to me, \"Well done, boy! Leave it to us, We will punish (惩罚) them!\"

When I got home, it was 7: 30. I thought I was great. （1）One afternoon, a car hit ________.

A. a young man B. a boy C. a truck D. an old man （2）What did the truck driver do? A. He drove away quickly.

B. He stopped for a while and then drove away. C. He took the old man to the hospital. D. He called the police.

（3）What did the writer think of himself?

A. Very good. B. Very terrible. C. Very nervous. D. Very surprised. （4）Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. When the car driver saw the accident, he quickly drove away B. After a long time, the car driver took the old man to the hospital C. The writer told the whole story to the police. D. The writer got home at 7: 30

（5）What do you think of the writer? A. He is a bad person. B. He is a nice person. C. He is a strange person. D. He is a handsome person. 【答案】 （1）D （2）C （3）A （4）B

（5）B

【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文作者讲述了一场交通事故的情况。

（1）细节题。根据 please help the old man. A car hit him and he is badly hurt!可知一辆轿车撞着一位老人。故选D.

（2）细节题。根据 well, don't worry. Let me take him to the hospital first,\" the driver said. 可知卡车司机把老人带到医院。故选C。

（3）细节题。根据 I thought I was great. 可知，作者认为自己是棒的。故选A。

（4）推断题。根据 When the car driver and his wife saw this, they quickly closed the window of the car and drove away. 可知A正确；根据well, don't worry. Let me take him to the hospital first,\" the truck driver said. 可知B错误；根据 I told the whole story to the police 可知C正确；根据 When I got home, it was 7: 30. 可知D正确。故选B。

（5）推断题。根据 please help the old man. A car hit him and he is badly hurt!\" I said. 可知这个男孩是一个善良的人。故选B。

【点评】考查阅读理解。细节题和推理判断题都是常考题型。细节题要注意细节从文中找答案；推理题是根据上下文，推断出所需要的信息。

4．阅读理解

We all know that many women like to wear dresses. They enjoy many kinds of colourful and popular dresses. But have you ever heard of a 4D dress?

Jessica Rosenkrantz in the USA used 3D printing technology to make a very special and new dress. It will help with the problems of different styles of women's dresses.

The dress maker called the special dress a\"4D dress\" \". It is like the fabric(织物). It can turn into different kinds of shapes.

The company, in Massachusetts, the USA, also made a smartphone and an app(应用). They can help women to control their dresses. If women use the phone and the app, they can change the colour, the style and many other things of the dresses. Isn't it very interesting?

When she talked about her work, Jessica said, \"There will be many more changeable dresses for women in the future. I am interested in making them too, I can't wait to make different kinds of new dresses for women.\" （1）What will the 4D dress do for women?

A. It will make women relax themselves a lot. B. It will turn into different styles for women. C. It will help women keep thin and beautiful. D. It will help women find good jobs easily. （2）What does the underlined word \"It\" in the passage refer to?

A. The 4D dress. B. 3D printing technology. C. A company. D. The dress maker. （3）What will Jessica do in the future? A. She will have many companies around the world. B. She will buy a very new smartphone and use the app. C. She will make many more changeable dresses. D. She will help women choose more beautiful dresses.

（4）From the passage, we can infer that _________________. A. Jessica Rosenkrantz used a common thing to make the 4D dress B. the 4D dress can only turn into ten kinds of shapes for women C. the company in the UK made the smartphone to control the 4D dress D. women may use the phone and the app to change the style of the dress （5）What's the best title for this passage?

A. Women's hobbies B. Women's styles C. Jessica's drear D. The 4D dress 【答案】 （1）B （2）A （3）C （4）D （5）D

【解析】【分析】本文介绍了4D连衣裙，未来会有更多适合女性的多变服装。

（1）推理题。根据 they can change the colour, the style and many other things of the dresses 可知， 4d服装对于女性来说，它会变成不同的风格，故选B。

（2）词义猜测题。根据The dress maker called the special dress a\"4D dress\" \". It is like the fabric(织物). It can turn into different kinds of shapes服装制造商称这种特殊服装为“4d服装”。它就像织物(织物)。它可以变成不同的形状 可知it指代4D连衣裙，故选A。

（3）细节题。根据 I can't wait to make different kinds of new dresses for women 可知杰西卡将来会做很多更易变的衣服，故选C。

（4）推理题。根据If women use the phone and the app, they can change the colour, the style and many other things of the dresses 如果女性使用手机和应用程序，她们可以改变衣服的颜色、风格和其他许多东西可知， 女性可能会使用手机和应用程序来改变着装风格，故选D。

（5）主旨题。根据本文介绍了4D连衣裙，未来会有更多适合女性的多变服装可知The 4D dress是适合的标题，故选D。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，词义猜测题和主旨题四种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，词义猜测题需要根据上下文提炼相关信息锁定词意，主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

5．阅读理解

I was travelling alone through the UK. To reach places that were off the public transportation map, I bought an old car, which cost most of my money. I couldn't afford to stay in a hotel, so I had to camp in my car for the rest of the trip.

One morning I woke up in my old car on a country road in Ireland and saw a single house, The water in my thermos(保温瓶) had gone cold, so I knocked on the door of the house. A woman opened it. I asked her for some hot water. But she wouldn't let me get away with just that! I was invited indoors. She asked me to sit at the table and have breakfast with her family. They filled my thermos before I left.

I was greatly moved. And I decided to pass the kindness on. The other day I met a young man who had been driving around to look for a parking lot. He looked increasingly upset. I was glad that I was able to point one out to him. His thankful smile was the hugest reward(奖赏) for me.

（1）The writer bought the car in order to ______________.

A. serve the public B. travel more easily C. take the trip alone D. save more money （2）Why did the writer camp in his car? A. He was short of money. B. It was his habit. C. He could have a better rest. D. It would be warmer. （3）The writer asked the woman for ______________.

A. a map B. a thermos C. some hot water D. a light breakfast （4）How did the young man feel at last?

A. Funny. B. Upset. C. Disappointed. D. Thankful. （5）What's the main idea of the text?

A. Travelling alone is interesting. B. Sharing food is a pleasure. C. Kindness is the sunshine in life. D. Smile is important to everyone. 【答案】 （1）B （2）A （3）C （4）D （5）C

【解析】【分析】主要讲了作者去英国旅行时，负担不起待在旅馆，所以在车里待了一晚，第二天发现保温瓶里的水变凉了，所以去借水，一个女士让作者一起吃早饭，作者备受感动，决定把友善传递下去。 （1）细节题。根据To reach places that were off the public transportation map, I bought an old car, which cost most of my money.为了到达公共交通地图上找不到的地方，我买了一辆旧车，花了我大部分的钱，故选B。 （2）细节题。根据I couldn't afford to stay in a hotel, so I had to camp in my car for the rest of the trip.可知作者负担不起待在旅馆里，所以不得不待在车里，即缺钱，故选A。

（3）细节题。根据I asked her for some hot water.可知作者和她要热水，故选C。

（4）推断题。根据I was greatly moved. And I decided to pass the kindness on.我很感动。我决定把仁慈传给他，即感谢的，故选D。

（5）主旨题。根据全文可知主要讲了作者去英国旅行时，负担不起待在旅馆，所以在车里待了一晚，第二天发现保温瓶里的水变凉了，所以去借水，一个女士让作者一起吃早饭，作者备受感动，决定把友善传递下去。故选C。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。