注意事项：认真阅读理解，结合历年的真题，总结经验，查找不足！重在审题，多思考，多理解！
无论是单选、多选还是论述题，最重要的就是看清题意。在论述题中，问题大多具有委婉性，尤其是历年真题部分，在给考生较大发挥空间的同时也大大增加了考试难度。考生要认真阅读题目中提供的有限材料，明确考察要点，最大限度的挖掘材料中的有效信息，建议考生答题时用笔将重点勾画出来，方便反复细读。只有经过仔细推敲，揣摩命题老师的意图，积极联想知识点，分析答题角度，才能够将考点锁定，明确题意。
[限时：30分钟]
Ⅰ.单项填空 1、[2017·上海卷]Aftergettinglostinastorm,amemberofthenavyteam________fourdayslater.
A、rescuedB、wasrescued
C、hasrescuedD、hadbeenrescued 2、—Whatdoesthenoticesay?
—Allthestorytellersshouldmeetatthesamehall________wonthefirstthreeprizes. A、whatB、as C、whoD、which 3、Thenumberofpeopleinvited________fifty,butanumberofthem________notseenatthemeeting.
A、was;wereB、was;was C、were;wasD、were;were
4、Wecan'thavelunchattherestaurant,because________. A、allofusdon'thavemoney B、notallofushavemoney
C、everyoneofusdon'thavemoney D、noneofushavemoney
5、—Hi，Maria!Igotthefirstplaceintheexam.
—________！EveryoneknowsyoucheatedandyoujustcopiedTony'spaper. A、CongratulationsB、Comeon C、GoodluckD、Cheerup 6、Nowadayssomeprotectiveparentswantto________theirkidsfromeverykindofdanger,realorimagined.
A、spotB、dismiss
C、shelterD、distinguish
7、AftergraduationI'dliketofindajob________IcanusewhatIhavelearntatschool. A、whoseB、which C、whereD、that 8、Thesportsmeetingofourschoolwillbeheldnextmonth.Which________areyougoingtoenterfor?
A、affairsB、events C、mattersD、programs
9、Hissudden________ofviolentangerputanunpleasantendtothemeeting. A、breakB、burst
C、attackD、express
10、Letmecongratulate________you________thebirthofyourdaughter. A、to;forB、/;on C、on;forD、/;for
11、Ashe________intheriverforfivehours,thethieflookedverypaleandhopeless. A、trappedB、hasbeentrapped C、trappingD、hadbeentrapped
12、Althoughhewasdisabledwhenhewasonlytenyearsofage,yetheaimed________，forwhichhisclassmatesspoke________ofhim.
A、high;highB、highly;highly C、highly;highD、high;highly
13、________fromwhathesaid,hemustbeanhonestman. A、TojudgeB、Judging C、BeingjudgedD、Judged 14、Thisinformationallowsbusinessmentokeep________oftheirlistofgoodsbyshowingwhichitemsarebeingsoldandhowfasttheyaremoving.
A、sightB、track C、touchD、sign
15、—HowdoyoufindthenewbookbyMary?
—________.Ithinkreadingitisacompletewasteoftime. A、VerygoodB、Byaccident C、InthelibraryD、Veryboring Ⅱ.阅读理解
Nuclearradiationfrompowerplantleaksandbombtestsresultedinmillionsoffewerbabygirlsbornworldwide,accordingtoanewstudy.
ScientistsnotedthesetypesofatmosphericblastsratherthanonthegroundincidentslikeChernobyl(切尔诺贝利),effectedbirthgenderacrosstheglobe.
ScientistsatHelmholtzZentrumMünchen,Germany,analysedpopulationdatafrom1975to2007fortheU、S.and39Europeancountries.
Therewasanincreaseinthenumberofbabyboysrelativetogirlsinallofthecountriesfrom1964to1975.ThiswasthecaseinmanyeasternEuropeancountriesforseveralyearsafter1986.
Scientistsareputtingthefirstspikedowntotheatomicbombtestsofthe1960sand1970swhereradioactiveatomswereblastedintotheatmosphere.Aircurrentscaughttheseatomsandthendistributedthemaroundtheworld.
Theythinkthesecondspikeisduetothe1986ChernobyldisasterinwhichthereactorexplodedintheUkraine(乌克兰)、
TheeffectsofChernobylwerefeltlocallyandnoeffectwasseenintheU、S.,probablybecauseitwastoofarfromthedisastertohaveaneffect.
“ThecloserthecountrywastoChernobyl,thestrongertheeffect，”saidstudycoauthorHagenScherb,abiostatistician(生物统计学家)attheGermanResearchCenterforEnvironmentalHealthinMunich.
MoremaleswerebornrelativetofemalesinBelarus—theUkraine'sneighbour—thaninFrance.
ThestudyisbasedlargelyonColdWarerastatistics,butthefindingsarehighlyrelevantforhowgendercouldbeaffectedafterfuturenucleardisasters.
AndinthewakeofJapan'sFukushimaDaiichinuclearpowerplantaccidentexpertsarepredictinganotherbabyboyboomcouldcome,especiallyontheU、S.WestCoast.
Previousradiationexperimentsonanimalsmaygiveacluefortheincreaseinmalebirths.TestsshowedthatradiationcauseddamagetotheXchromosome(染色体)insperm,DrScherbsaid.
AhumanspermcellcontainseitheranXorYchromosome,whileaneggonlyhasanXchromosome.AnXYcombinationwillbecomeaboy,whileanXXcombinationwillbeagirl.
16、Howmanynuclearradiationaccidentsarementionedinthepassage? A、1.B、2.C、3.D、4.
17、Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage? A、TheonthegroundincidentslikeChernobyl,effectedbirthgenderacrosstheglobe. B、TherewasanincreaseinthenumberofbabyboysinmanyeasternEuropeancountriesforseveralyearsafter1986.
C、TheJapan'snuclearaccidentwillnoteffectthebirthgenderoftheU、S.becauseofthelongdistance.
D、Whereradioactivematerialhasspread,womencan'tgivebirthtochildren. 18、Howdoesradiationeffectbirthgender? A、ItdamagestheYchromosomeinsperm.
B、ItstopsXchromosomesandYchromosomescombining. C、Itkillsbabygirlsbeforetheyareborn. D、ItdamagestheXchromosomeinsperm. 19、Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?
A、Nuclearagehasledtomillionsoffewerbabygirlsbeingborn. B、Nuclearradiationhasbadeffectsuponpeople'shealth. C、Worriesaboutradiationrisks.
D、Nuclearagehelpsreducetheworldpopulation. Ⅲ.信息匹配
根据短文内容，从下框的A－F选项中选出能概括每一段主题的最正确选项。选项中有一项为多余项。
A、ThewatersupplyingsituationinBeijing B、Waterwastinginbusinesses
C、TheconsequenceofthefiercedroughtinsoutheastofChina D、Theefficientmeasuressavingwater
E、Muchwateriswastedfromtheoldwaterfacilities
F、Someofthebusinessesshouldbeforcedtocloseuptosavewater 20、________
ThemostseveredroughtinmorethanacenturyravagingSouthwestprovincesshouldserveasaremindertootherpartsofthecountrythattheyneedtogetpreparedtoavertthedangersfromthewatercrisis,withmorethan400citiesinneedofwater.
21、________
Beijingisacaseinpoint.Withpercapitawaterresourcesofonly180cubicmeters,shortageofwaterhasbeenapermanentscourge(天灾).Andwhatthecityhasdoneinsavingonwaterisfarfromenough.
22、________
Atotalof220,000tonsoffreshwaterarewastedinflushingtoiletseveryday.Theamountofwaterleakinginayearfromtheoldwatersupplypipelinesisestimatedtobeabout70KunmingLakesattheSummerPalace.The9,000carwashingshopsconsumeasmuchas30millioncubicmetersofwaterayear.
23、________
Inaddition,the38golfcoursesaroundthecityuse20millioncubicmetersofwaterayear.Andatleastmorethanamilliontonsofwaterareneededtomakeartificialsnowfortheskirunsinthecity’
ssuburbs.Theamountofwaterconsumedbythemorethan1,000bathhousesisestimatedatnearly20milliontons.
24、________
Thissituationissimilarinothercitiesbadlyinneedofwater.Thereismuchwecantodotosavewater.Ofthe100residentialcommunitiesthathavepipelinesfortreatedwaterinBeijing,only20percentareusingittoflushtoilets.Whydoweneedsomanygolfcoursestowastethepreciousfreshwater?Whydoweallowcarwashingshopstowastefreshwaterratherthantreatedwatertowashcars?Whydoesthegovernmentallowsomanybathhousesandskirunstooperate?
Allthesebusinessesaremakingmoneyattheexpenseofourpreciousresourceoffreshwater.Wecan’taffordtowaituntilitistoolate.Dowhateverwecantosavewater.
课时作业(四)
Ⅰ.1.B句意为：海军中的一员在四天后被救了。这里只是对过去事实的描述，所以用一般过去时。
2、C在交际用语中考查分隔式定语从句的引导词。代替指人的先行词Allthestorytellers，在从句中作主语，所以用who。
3、Athenumberof“……的数量”，修饰可数名词，谓语动词用单数；anumberof“许多，很多”，后接可数名词复数形式，作主语时谓语动词用复数。
4、D句意：我们不能在饭店吃午餐，因为没有一个人带钱。这里要用完全否定，应选D项。A、B项都是部分否定；C项形式不对。
5、B考查交际用语。根据答语的后一句可知答话人认为对方虽然在考试中得了第一名，但是名不副实，此处comeon意为“得了吧”，表示知道某人所说的话不正确，符合语境。
6、C考查动词辨析。根据句意可知父母想庇护孩子们不受到任何伤害。shelter作动词可表示“保护；庇护”。spot“弄脏，认出，发现，定位”；dismiss“开除，使解散”；distinguish“区别”。
7、C考查定语从句的用法。句意：毕业后我想找一份能把我在学校学的知识用上的工作。在这里ajob是先行词，IcanusewhatIhavelearntatschool是定语从句，在定语从句中缺少地点状语inthejob。应选C项。
8、B考查名词辨析。这几个词中只有event可以作“比赛项目”讲。句意为：校运动会下个月就要举行了，你打算报名参加哪些项目呢？
9、B考查名词辨析。句意为：他的突然发怒，使会议不愉快地结束了。burst在这里强调的是感情的突然释放或突然迸发。干扰项express作名词时，意为“快车，快递”，没有“表情”之意。
10、Bcongratulatesb.on(doing)sth表示“祝贺某人某事”，其中介词on不能换成介词for。
11、D考查时态和语态。句意为：被困在河里五个小时，小偷看上去很苍白无望。betrappedin…“被困在……”。从主句的时态和整个语境看，此处应用过去完成时的被动语态。
12、D考查副词辨析。high表示具体高度；highly那么表示抽象意义，此处二者均为副词。句意为：尽管他在十岁时就残疾了，然而他目标很高，他的同学对此评价很高。
13、B考查judge的用法。judgingfrom…是固定用法，常用作插入语。句意为：根据他所说的话判断，他一定是一个诚实的人。
14.B考查名词辨析和常用搭配。keeptrackof为固定短语，表示“跟踪，追踪，了解”。 15、D考查交际用语。问句问的是对玛丽的新书的看法，故排除B、C；结合第二句答语可知，Veryboring“非常乏味”适合作答语。
Ⅱ.根据一项新研究，实验说明核辐射会对精子的X染色体造成损害。核电站核泄漏事故和炸弹试验释放的放射性物质导致全世界女婴出生数量减少了数百万。
16、B细节理解题。文章提到了1986年的Chernobyl事故；2017年的Japan'sFukushimaDaiichinuclearpowerplantaccident。
17、B细节判断题。由第四段可知B项正确。由第二段可知A项错误；由倒数第三段可知C项错误；D项文章没提到。
18、D细节理解题。由倒数第二段可知“核辐射会对精子的X染色体造成损害。”也就是说D项正确。
19、A主旨大意题。通读全文可知，这是一篇科普类的说明文。文章开篇点题，向我们说明了文章的主要内容：根据一项新研究，核电站核泄漏事故和炸弹试验释放的放射性物质导致全世界女婴出生数量减少了数百万。由此可见A项最能概括全文。
Ⅲ.20－24CAEBF
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