2014高考英语阅读理解基础练习题（40）及答案
阅读理解 专题训练(二)------文章主旨 ◆ 方法点拨
主旨大意题要求对文章的整体或局部(如段落)进行分析、概括，归纳相关部分的中心大意(main idea)，选择标题(title)，判断作者的写作目的(purpose)等。
主旨大意题的提问方式常有以下几种： (1)What does the writer mainly tell us?
(2)Which of the following can summarize the main idea of this text? (3)Which of the following best expresses the main idea? (4)The best headline for this newspaper article is________. (5)What would be the best title for the passage? (6)What is the author's main purpose?
(7)The main idea of the passage is about ________. (8)The article is written to explain ________. (9)With what topic is the passage chiefly concerned? (10)The subject discussed in this text is ________.
呈现主题的方式 (1)
无主题句
主题隐含在全文中，没有明确的主题句．必须根据文篇中所提供的事实细节，进行全面考虑，综合分析，然后找出共同的东西，归纳成一般概念。必须注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。
◆ 活学活用
阅读下列短文，然后按要求完成读写任务
Zoe Chambers was a successful PR (Public Relations) consultant and life was going well—she had a great job，a beautiful flat and a busy
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social life in London.Then one evening in June last year，she received a text message telling her she was out of work.The first two weeks were the most difficult to live through.she said.“After everything I'd done for the company，they dismissed me by text！I was so angry and I just didn't feel like looking for another job.I hated everything about the city and my life.”
Then，Zoe received an invitation from an old school friend，Kathy，to come and stay.Kathy and her husband，Hu，had just bought a farm in north-west Wales.Zoe jumped at the chance to spend a weekend away from London，and now，ten months later，she is still on the farm.
“The moment I arrived at Kathy's farm，I loved it and I knew I wanted to stay.”said Zoe.“Everything about my past life suddenly seemed meaningless.”Zoe has been working on the farm since October of last year and says she has no regrets.“It's a hard life，physically and very tiring.” she says.“In London I was stressed and often mentally exhausted.But this is a good，healthy tiredness.Here，all I need to put me in a good mood is a hot bath and one of Kathy's wonderful dinners.”Zoe says she has never felt bored on the farm.Every day brings a new experience.Kathy has been teaching her how to ride a horse and she has learnt to drive a tractor.Since Christmas，she has been helping with the lambing — watching a lamb being born is unbelievable.She says，“It's one of the most moving experiences I've ever had.I could never go back to city life now.”
Ⅰ.根据所读短文，写一篇30词左右的摘要
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Ⅱ.根据所读短文，选择最佳答案，说出第四题的解题思路
1．When working as a PR consultant in London，Zoe thought she lived a ________ life.
A．satisfying B．tough C．meaningless D．boring
2．The most important reason why Zoe went to visit Kathy's farm is that________.
A．Zoe lost her job as a PR consultant B．Kathy persuaded her to do so C．Zoe got tired of the city life D．Zoe loved Wales more than London
3．How does Zoe feel about the country life according to the passage?
A．Tiresome and troublesome. B．Romantic and peaceful. C．Mentally exhausting but healthy. D．Physically tiring but rewarding.
4．Which of the following is closest to the main idea of the passage? A．A friend in need is a friend indeed.
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B．Where there is a will，there is a way. C．A misfortune may turn out a blessing. D．Kill two birds with one stone. 5．We can infer that ________.
A．Zoe was glad to be fired because she had planned to live in the countryside.
B．Zoe was a capable lady and could do her job quite well. C．Zoe would never go back to the city because she enjoyed her life in the country.
D．Zoe would find another good job if she wanted to. 参考答案
Ⅰ
The text tells us Zoe's happy life after she lost her satisfying job，indicating that whatever happens，we should be optimistic as sometimes a misfortune may turn out to be a blessing.(32 words)
Ⅱ
1．解析：从a successful PR consultant, life was going well ，a great job，a beautiful flat and a busy social life in London可知答案。
答案：A 2．A
3．解析：从最后一段可知答案。 答案：D
4．解析：文章主旨题。本文没有明确的主题句，但通读全文可知，对于Zoe来说，失去一份如意的工作是不幸的，但是由此她却能到乡下过身心健康的生活，这不失为福音。
答案：C
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5．B
The television news feature about Ben Heckmann, an eighth grader from Farmington, Minn, was breathless in its praise. “At 14, he has accomplished something many adults can’t achieve,” the reporter said, “Ben is a twice-published author.” But Ben’s two “Velvet Black” books, describing a fictional rock band, were not picked from a pile of manuscripts（手稿）by an eagle eyed publisher. They were self-published, at the cost of $400 by Ben’s parents.
Over the past five years, print-on-demand technology and a growing number of self publishing companies whose books can be sold online have inspired writers of all ages to avoid the traditional gatekeeping system for determining who could call himself a “published author.”
The mothers and fathers who foot the bill say they are simply trying to encourage their children, in the same way that other parents buy equipment for a promising baseball player. But others see self-publishing as a lost opportunity to teach children about hardship and perseverance. Mr. Robbins, a critic, thinks it is wonderful to start writing at a young age, but worries self-publishing sends the wrong message. “There are no prodigies(神童) in literature,” he said. “Literature requires experience, in a way that mathematics and music do not.” Alan Rinzler, a publishing industry veteran, suggested parents hire a professional editor like him to work with their child to tear a manuscript apart and help make a better. Ben’s father, Ken, said Ben’s ambitions “weren’t to knock Harry Potter off the list,” but “to get that good feeling inside that you’ve done something.”
Ajla Dizdarevic, 12, who has self-published two books of poetry, has been on television and in local newspapers. “Being a published author,” she said, “was always a dream of mine.” Her new dream: three books by age 15.
36. Which of the following is true of Ben? A. He has achieved something unusual for his age. B. His self-published books were well received. C. His manuscripts were favored by the publisher. D. He was thought little of by the public media. 【答案】A
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【解析】细节理解题。根据细节理解题。根据At 14, he has accomplished something many adults can’t achieve, 14岁时,他已经完成了一些许多成年人不能实现,的目标，故选A。 37. What makes it possible for writers of all ages to self-publish their works? A. The rapid increase of online readership. B. The increasing number of publishers. C. The immediate access to marketing agencies. D. The development of printing and publishing. 【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据print-on-demand technology and a growing number of self publishing companies whose books can be sold online have inspired writers of all ages to avoid the traditional gatekeeping system for determining who could call himself a “published author.印刷和出版业的发展，使他们出书有了可能，故选D。
38. Why do some parents pay the self-publishing bill? A. They want to offer opportunities to their children. B. They want to give encouragement to their children. C. They want to help their children avoid hardship. D. They want to show love and care for their children. 【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据The mothers and fathers who foot the bill say they are simply trying to encourage their children,父母为了鼓励孩子，故选B。 39. What dose Alan Rinzler suggest that children should do? A. Be forbidden to write books C. Be professionally guided 【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据Alan Rinzler, a publishing industry veteran, suggested parents hire a professional editor like him to work with their child to tear a manuscript apart and help make a better.孩子们应受到专业指导，故选C。
40. Why do some children self-publish works according to the last part? A. Just to achieve their dreams. C. Just to gain self-confidence.
B. Just to earn more money. D. Just to satisfy their parents.
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B. Start writing at an early age D. Learn from experience
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【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据Ben’s ambitions “weren’t to knock Harry Potter off the list,” but “to get that good feeling inside that you’ve done something 孩子们为了实现自己的梦想。故选A。
阅读理解 专题训练(一)------阅读中的猜词技巧(6) 根据生活经验常识和逻辑推理推测词义 ◆ 方法点拨
有时候，逻辑推理和自身的生活经验及普通常识能帮助我们确定词义。如：
例1：The snake slithered through the grass.
根据有关蛇的生活习性和知识，我们可以推出slither的词义为“爬行”。
例2：Fishes live in water and have fins which help them to swim.Most fishes have slimy skins covered with scales，but in fishes such as eels the scales are very small and can hardly be seen.
凭常识我们不难猜出fins，slimy和scales的确切意思分别是“鳍”、“滑溜的”和“鳞”，对于eels一词，我们只需知道是fish的一种(鳝鱼类)就行了。
例3：Not wanting to disturb the sleeping kitten，I gingerly lifted her from the box and put her on a blanket near the heater.
根据前半句的Not wanting to disturb(不愿打扰)，我们便可大致推测出gingerly一词的含义：“小心翼翼地”。
◆ 活学活用
(一)根据上述技巧，猜测下列划线词的词义
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1．The man walked briskly_to keep warm on the very cold night.
2．The door was so low that I hit my head on the lintel.
3．When a doctor performs an operation on a patient，he usually gives an anaesthetic to make him unconscious，because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.
4．If you are capable of working twelve hours a day without a rest，and if you can engage in physical exercise for hours without seeming to get tired，then you are indefatigable.
5．Thousands of people got stuck in lifts.But no one panicked，we passed the time telling stories.
(一)
1．解析：这个句子的时间状语为一个寒冷的夜晚，所做的动作为走动(walked)，目的是保暖(to keep warm)，因此凭借我们平时的生活经验得知，人只有在快步走时才会暖和。因此即使推测不出单词briskly的确切意思，也可以知道它有“快速活动”的意思。
答案：快速地
2．解析：本句前半句的意思是门太矮了。根据生活经验，不小心会很容易撞到上面的门框，因此推测lintel为“门框”之意。
答案：门框
3．解析：根据直接或间接的经验，一般具有一点医学常识的人都知道医生在给病人动手术之前，为了减轻病人的痛苦，往往给病人
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注射麻醉剂使病人失去知觉后再动手术。根据这一常识，通过上下文就能比较准确地确定“anaesthetic”一词的意思应该是“麻醉剂”。
答案：麻醉剂
4．解析：根据上下文分析，如果一个人能连续工作12个小时，能进行体育锻炼数小时而不知疲倦，那么，我们就可以作出符合逻辑的推断，这个人一定是一个“不知疲倦的”人。将这个词义代入原句中，很合乎逻辑，那么这种推理很可能是正确的。
答案：不知疲倦的
5．解析：被困在电梯里，一般都会觉得“恐慌、害怕”。 答案：恐慌，害怕
An “apple polisher” is one who gives gifts to win friendship or special treatment. It is not exactly a bribe(贿赂), but is close to it.
All sorts of people are apple polishers, including politicians and people in high offices—just about everybody. Oliver Cromwell, the great English leader, offered many gifts to win the support of George Fox and his party, but failed.
There are other phrases meaning the same thing as “apple-polishing”—“soft-soaping” or “buttering-up”. A gift is just one way to “soft-soap” somebody, or to “butter him up”. Another that is just as effective is flattery, giving someone high praise—telling him how good he looks, or how well he speaks, or how talented and wise he is.
Endless are the ways of flattery. Who does not love to hear it? Only an unusual man can resist the thrill of being told how wonderful he is. In truth, flattery is good medicine for most of us, who get so little of it.
We need it to be more sure of ourselves. It cannot hurt unless we get carried away by it. But if we just lap it up for its food value and nourishment, as a cat laps up milk, then we can still remain true to ourselves.
Sometimes, however, flattery will get you nothing from one who has had too much of it. A good
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example is the famous 12th century legend of King Canute of Denmark and England. The king got tired of listening to endless sickening flattery of his courtiers(朝臣). They overpraised him to the skies, as a man of limitless might.
He decided to teach them a lesson. He took them to the seashore and sat down. Then he ordered the waves to stop coming in. The tide was too busy to listen to him. The king was satisfied. This might show his followers how weak his power was and how empty their flattery. 41. Which of the following activities has nothing to do with “apple-polishing”? A. A boy tells his girlfriend how pretty she looks.
B. An employee tells her boss how good he is at management. C. A knight is said to be of limitless power by his followers. D. A teacher praises her students for their talent and wisdom. 【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据Another that is just as effective is flattery, giving someone high praise—telling him how good he looks夸奖别人的长相是多么地好，是其中的阿谀奉承之一，符合原文；故选D。
42. What does the writer want to prove with Cromwell’s example? A. Everybody can be an apple-polisher. B. Cromwell was not a good apple-polisher.
C. George Fox and his party were not apple-polishers. D. There are people who don’t like being apple-polished. 【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据All sorts of people are apple polishers, including politicians and people in high offices—just about everybody.所有的人都有可能是拍马屁的人，紧接着短文就以Cromwell为例来论证这个观点，故选A。
43. Which of the following statements about flattery is true according to the author? A. Too much flattery can carry us away. B. Flattery is too empty to do people any good.
C. Flattery can get you nothing but excessive(过度的) pride. D. Flattery is one of the ways to apple-polish people. 【答案】D
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【解析】细节理解题。根据There are other phrases meaning the same thing as
apple-polishing”—“soft-soaping” or “buttering-up”. A gift is just one way to “soft-soap” somebody, or to “butter him up”. Another that is just as effective is flattery, 奉承是一个讨好人的方法之一，故选D。
44. Why did King Canute of Denmark and England take his followers to the seashore? A. Because he was sick of his normal life. B. Because he disliked being overpraised any more. C. Because he wanted them to realize how wise he was. D. Because he wanted them to see how weak he was as a king. 【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据The king got tired of listening to endless sickening flattery of his courtiers(朝臣).因为国王不喜欢被他的朝臣过度地奉承，故选B。 45. Who does the author think that flattery can do good to ? A. Those who are politicians or in high offices. C. Those who are really excellent. 【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据We need it to be more sure of ourselves.可以推知奉承对于缺乏自信心的人是有好处的，故选B。
B. Those who lack confidence.
D. Those who think highly of themselves.
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