无症状菌尿
来源:小侦探旅游网
1.Thediagnosisofasymptomaticbacteriuriashouldbebasedonresultsofcultureofaurinespecimencollectedinamannerthatminimizescontamination(A-II).•Forasymptomaticwomen,bacteriuriaisdefinedas2consecutivevoidedurinespecimenswithIsolationofthesamebacterialstraininquantitativecounts≥10^5cfu/mL(B-II).•Asingle,clean-catchvoidedurinespecimenwith1bacterialspeciesisolatedinaquantitativecount≥10^5cfu/mLidentifiesbacteriuriainmen(B-III).`•Asinglecatheterizedurinespecimenwith1bacterialspeciesisolatedinaquantitativecount≥10^2cfu/mLidentifiesbacteriuriainwomenormen(A-II).1、无症状菌尿诊断标准:样本必须用确保最低污染率的方法采集,在此基础上的培养结果才是能用于诊断无症状菌尿(证据强度A-II)。对于妇女,无症状菌尿的定义是一次排尿连续接两杯尿做菌落计数时,该先后接的两杯尿中同一细菌的菌落计数都必须要>10^5CFU/ml(证据强度B-II);对于男性,无症状菌尿的定义是一次清洁中段尿培养只能有单一细菌生长,且菌落计数>10^5CFU/ml(证据强度B-Ⅲ);对于男性或者女性,无症状菌尿的定义是单次导尿尿培养只能有单一细菌生长,且菌落计数>10^2CFU/ml(证据强度A-II)。2.Pyuriaaccompanyingasymptomaticbacteriuriaisnotanindicationforantimicrobialtreatment(A-II).2、伴随脓尿出现的无症状菌尿并不是抗生素治疗的依据(证据强度A-II)。3.Pregnantwomenshouldbescreenedforbacteriuriabyurinecultureatleastonceinearlypregnancy,andtheyshouldbetreatediftheresultsarepositive(A-I).•Thedurationofantimicrobialtherapyshouldbe3–7days(A-II)•Periodicscreeningforrecurrentbacteriuriashouldbeundertakenfollowingtherapy(A-III).•Norecommendationcanbemadefororagainstrepeatedscreeningofculture-negativewomeninlaterpregnancy.3、对于孕妇应该在其早期妊娠时至少做一次无症状菌尿的尿培养筛查,对于阳性的孕妇应该给予治疗(证据强度A-I)。疗程3-7天(证据强度A-II);经过治疗后应该定期复查(证据强度A-III);对于晚期妊娠不推荐做筛查,原先已经筛查过的更无须再重复筛查(无证据强度)。4.Screeningforandtreatmentofasymptomaticbacteriuriabeforetransurethralresectionoftheprostateisrecommended(A-I).•Anassessmentforthepresenceofbacteriuriashouldbeobtainedsothatresultswillbeavailabletodirectantimicrobialtherapypriortotheprocedure(A-III).•Antimicrobialtherapyshouldbeinitiatedshortlybeforetheprocedure(A-II).•Antimicrobialtherapyshouldnotbecontinuedaftertheprocedure,unlessanindwellingcatheterremainsinplace(B-II).4、在实施经尿道前列腺切除术前,应该进行无症状菌尿的筛查与治疗(推荐证据强度A-I)。术前菌尿筛查结果就应该获得并及时及时评价,以便在术前指导抗生素的预防性应用(证据强度A-III);抗菌药物的使用应该在临近手术时短时应用(证据强度A-II);术后不应该再用抗生素,除非术后安置了导尿管(证据强度B-II)。5.Screeningforandtreatmentofasymptomaticbacteriuriaisrecommendedbeforeotherurologicproceduresforwhichmucosalbleedingisanticipated(A-III).5、泌尿外科手术前,无症状菌尿筛查与治疗是推荐进行的,尤其是当预料到可能会发生尿道粘膜出血时(证据强度A-III)。6.Screeningforortreatmentofasymptomaticbacteriuriaisnotrecommendedforthefollowingpersons.•Premenopausal,nonpregnantwomen(A-I).•Diabeticwomen(A-I).•Olderpersonslivinginthecommunity(A-II).•Elderly,institutionalizedsubjects(A-I).•Personswithspinalcordinjury(A-II).•Catheterizedpatientswhilethecatheterremainsinsitu(A-I).6、以下几类病人不推荐进行无症状菌尿的筛查或治疗:绝经前非妊娠妇女(证据强度A-I);女性糖尿病病人(证据强度A-I);年老,且被社会福利机构收纳的对象(证据强度A-I);脊髓损伤病人(证据强度A-II);尿道插管留置期间,当尿管还没有移除时(证据强度A-I)。7.Antimicrobialtreatmentofasymptomaticwomenwithcatheter-acquiredbacteriuriathatpersists48hafterindwellingcatheterremovalmaybeconsidered(B-I).7、对于留置尿管发生导尿管相关性菌尿的女性病人,如果在留置尿管移除48小时后症状依然持续时才考虑给予抗生素治疗(证据强度B-I)。8.Norecommendationcanbemadeforscreeningforortreatmentofasymptomaticbacteriuriainrenaltransplantorothersolidorgantransplantrecipients(C-III).8、对于接受肾移植或者其他实体器官移植的病人无症状菌尿的筛查与治疗均是不推荐的(证据强度C-III)。范畴,等级推荐强度
定义有好的证据支撑推荐与应用;应该始终支持中等强度证据支撑推荐与应用;应一般性支持差的证据支撑推荐,支持与否可随意反对推荐应用的推荐适中;一般不支持反对推荐应用的推荐充分;绝不支持
证据来自至少一次随机对照试验
证据来自至少一次设计良好的非随机的临床试验;来自队列或者病例对照研究(至少非单中心);或者来自多重时间序列;或者非实验控制下产生的显著性结果
证据来自权威专家的主管意见,给予临床经验,描述性研究,或者专家委员会共识
ABCDE证据质量
IIIIII