350 西安工业大学学报 第27卷 式的因素有两个:①合金液的结构;②合金液凝固 时的冷却速度或凝固速度¨】 .在文中实验条件下, 不同过热温度合金液的冷却条件是相同的,所以, 在本文实验条件下,Al一19 Si合金共晶硅的生长 方式,随过热温度的升高而由小平面生长变非小平 面生长方式应与合金液的结构随过热温度变化而 变化有关. 图4点状和短棒状共晶硅的面积百分率随 合金过热温度的变化关系(保温时间为120 min) Fig.4 Dependence of percentage of eutectic silicon of short rod and small point on melt temperature(holding time:120min) a保温时间5 min b保温时间6O min 图5保温时间对AF19 Si合金共晶硅 形貌的影响(过热温度为950℃) Fig.5 Effect of holding time on morphology of eutectic silicon in Al-19 ̄Si alloy(melt temperature:950℃) 图6点状和短棒状共晶硅面积百分率随 合金过热保温时间的变化关系(过热温度为950。C) Fig.6 Dependence of percentage of eutectic silicon of short rod and small point on holding time(melt temperature:950℃) 文中实验结果表明,对同一试样,越向试样中 心,越容易得到短棒状和点状共晶硅,这说明共晶 硅以非小平面生长的趋势随距试样中心距离的减 小而增大.这与凝固速度的变化有关. 对于金属型铸造,当凝固过程进行到一定程度 时,在铸件与铸型之间要形成气隙,气隙形成以后, 热从铸件传向铸型的总热阻保持不变,这样,从铸 件与铸型的界面上向铸型传输热量的速率q就基 本上保持不变.在稳定条件下,结晶潜热向铸件与 铸型界面上传输热量的速率应与q相等. 对于圆柱形铸件,当其进行逐层凝固时,q可 由下式计算 q一 2 dt一 Rdt (1) 式中:r为未凝固液相的半径;R为铸件半径;△H 为结晶潜热;L为铸件长度;dr为出时间间隔内凝 固层厚度的增量.由式(1)可得到凝固速度 为 一 一一一芈一 Lz r (2) 其中c一 /△H. 对给定试样,式(1)中的R和△H为定值,如前 所述,q也可看为定值.所以,可将式(2)中的c看为 定值.式(2)表明,凝固速度随未凝固液相的半径r 的减小而增大.即越靠近试样中心,凝固速度越大. 对硅晶体来说,在合金液状态一定的条件下,凝固 速度越大,硅晶体以非小平面生长方式生长的趋势 越大¨】 .故对同一试样,越向试样中心,越容易得 到短棒状和点状共晶硅. 4结论 1)对Al—Si过共晶合金熔体进行过热处理,可 使合金的初生硅细化,Al—Si过共晶合金的初生硅 尺寸随过热温度的升高而减小. 2)对Al—si过共晶合金熔体进行过热处理,可 使合金的共晶硅由长针状变为短棒状和粒状,粒状 和短棒状共晶硅的面积百分率随过热温度的升高 和过热保温时间的延长而增加. 3)过共晶Al—Si合金凝固后,圆柱形试样横截 面上的组织具有不均匀性. 参考文献: [1]WANG Wei—min,BIAN Xiu—fang.Atomic—structure Changes in A1—16 pct Si Alloy Above the Liquidus [J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 2000,31(9):2163. 维普资讯 http://www.cqvip.com
第4期 坚增运等:熔体过热处理对过共晶Al_si合金凝固组织的影响 351 [2] Hpolland—Morutz D,Schenk T.Short—range Order in 2002,54(3):l9. Undercooled Metallic Liquids[J].Materials Science ZHANG Rong,SHEN Shu—juan,ZHAO Zhi—long,et and Engineering A,2004,375—377:98. a1.Effect of Melt Overheating Treatment and C*}oling I-3] Yin F S,Sun X F.Effect of Thermal History on the Rate on Microstructure of A1一Si Hypereutectic Alloys Liquid Structure of a Cast Nickel—base Superalloy [J].Nonferrous Metals,2002,54(3):19. M9631,J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2004, [8]王建华,易丹青,陈康华,等.熔体过热处理对2618 364(11):225. 铝合金力学性能的影响[J].机械工程材料,2002,26 [4] 耿兴国,陈光,傅恒志.过热合金熔体的几种物性滞 (9):22. 后效应[J].材料科学与工程,2002,20(4):549. WANG Jian—hua,YI Dan—qing,CHEN Kang—hua,et GENG Xing—guo,CHEN Guang,FU Heng—zhi.Hys— a1.Effect of Melt Overheating on Strength and teresis Effect on Some Physical Properties of Melt Toughness of 26 18 Heat Resistant Aluminum Alloy Superheat[J].Materials Science and Engineering, [J].Materials For Mechanical Engineering,2002,26 2002,20(4):549.(in Chinese) (9):22.(in Chinese) [5] 周振平,李荣德.合金熔体过热处理研究的国内发展 [9]陈忠伟,介万奇.熔体过热对Al一7 si—o.50 ̄Mg合 状况[J].铸造,2003,52(2):79. 金的显微组织和力学性能的影响[J].铸造,2001,50 ZHOU Zhen—ping,LI Rong—de.Development Status of (12):724. Study on Molten Melt Superheat Treatment[J]. CHEN Zhong—wei,JIE Wan—qi.Effect of Melt Super— Foundry,2003,52(2):79.(in Chinese) heating on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties [6] LI Pei—jie,Nikitin V I.Effect of Melt Overheating. of A1—7 Si一0.50 Mg Alloy1,J].Foundry,2001。50 Cooling and Solidiifcation Rates on A1—16wt. Si A1一 (12):724.(in Chinese) loy Structure[J].Materials cSience and Engineering, [101 JIAN Zeng—yun,Kuribayashi K.Critial Undercool— 2002,332(7):371. ings for the Transition from Lateral to Continuous [7] 张蓉,沈淑娟,赵志龙,等.熔体过热处理及冷却速度 Growth in Undercooled Silicon and Germanium[J]. 对A1一si过共晶合金凝固组织的影响[J].有色金属, Acta Materilia,2004,52:3323. Effect of Melt Overheating Treatment on the Microstructure of AI—Si Hypereutectic Alloy JIAN Zeng—yun,WANG You—chao,CHANG Fang—e,WEI Chao—feng (School of Materials and Chemical Engineering,Xi’an Technological University,Xi’an 710032,China) Abstract: A1一Si hypereutectic alloy is one of the most important casting aluminum alloys.The refinement and modification of microstructure of A1一Si hypereutectic alloy have been received great interest over the past decades.This paper deals with the effect of melt overheating treatment on the microstructure of Al—Si hypereutectic alloy.It is found that melt overheating treatment not onlv influences the nucleation of melt,but also influences the growth of the crysta1.Melt overheating treatment can refine primary silicon of A1一Si hypereutectic alloy.The size of the primary silicon decreases with increasing the melt temperature.When the melt temperature is 800。C,the eutectic silicon is thin plate,which shows the feature of lateral growth.As the melt temperature increases,the eutectlc silicon can transform from large plate to short rod or small point,which shows the feature of non—lateral growth.The percentage of the eutectic silicon of short rod and the small point increases with increasing the melt temperature and the holding time. Key words:hypereutectic;AI—Si alloy;overheating treatment;primary silicon;eutectic silicon (责任编辑、校对张立新)
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