1、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。其中有两项为多余选项。
Easy Ways to Keep Your Brain Sharp
Everyone is forgetful, but as we age, we start to feel like our brains are slowing down a bit—and that can be a very annoying thing. ① Read on for some tips worth trying. 1. ② People who regularly made plans and looked forward to upcoming events had a 50 percent reduced chance of Alzheimer’s disease(早老性痴呆症),according to a recent study.
③ Something as simple as setting a goal to have a weekly coffee date with a friend will do. There’s evidence that people who have a purpose in life or who are working on long or short-term goals appear to do better. In other words, keep your brain looking forward. 2. Go for a walk
Mildly raised glucose(葡萄糖) levels can harm the area of the brain that helps you form memories and physical activity can help get blood glucose down to normal levels. In fact, exercise produces chemicals that are good for your brain. ④ 3. Learn something new.
Take a Spanish class online, join a drawing club, or learn to play cards. A study found that mental stimulation(刺激) limits the weakening effects of aging on memory and the mind. But the best thing for your brain is when you learn something new and are physically active at the same time. ⑤ or go dancing with your friends. A. Focus on the future.
B. This can be especially harmful to the aged. C. It should be something like learning gardening. D. So take a few minutes each day to do some reading.
E. But don’t worry if your schedule isn’t filled with life-changing events. F. Luckily, research shows there is a lot you can do to avoid those moments.
2、Tips for teaching kids responsibility
Your best friend has a teenager who helps with housework without being asked. Your cousin has a one-year-old child that puts her bottle in the sink when she finishes her milk off,but no
reminders are needed. ①__________Raising helpful, good kids who know how to make a sandwich is not a fantasy! The following tips can give you a better chance of raising a responsible child who then grows into a responsible adult.
②__________ You can't suddenly spring responsibility on a teenager and expect he will know how to follow through.He needs time to practice and totally understand what responsibility means. Let kids help you. Don't complain when it's time to do housework. Smile and invite your son to help. ③__________He will take these good feelings and learn to take ownership of his home and feel proud of keeping it up.
④__________You can show how to complete small tasks in daily life and perform them at a child's skill level.For example,if your kid wants a snack,show him where the apples are and how to wash one.
Teach your child consequences. Learning to take care of his things also helps a child develop a sense of responsibility for his actions.Get your son to clean up after an art project, and inform him that he won't be able to play with his crayons the next day if he leaves a messy table. ⑤__________The more you camr out the rules, the more likely he is to clean up without being asked.
A. Have a sense of responsibility. B. Why do they make a sandwich for kids? C. Show kids how to perform responsibility. D. Where do these wonderful children come from? E. Start to teach responsibility to kids early.
F. When your child is invited to participate,he feels valued. G. Then take away his supplies if he does not take his responsibility.
3、How to Write a News Article
Writing a news article is different from writing other articles or informational pieces. ①__________Knowing how to write a news article can help you exercise your writing skills and convey information clearly and briefly.
• Gather all your facts. Before you write a news article, make a list or outline of all the connected facts and information that need to be included in the article. ②__________It will also help you write a clean and brief article.
• Start with the lead. ③__________This is one of the most important parts of the piece, so start with the leading statement when you write a news article. Your lead should be one sentence which states the topic of the article.
• Give all the important details. The next important step to writing news articles is including all the facts and details that relate to your lead statement. ④__________These details are important, because they are the key point of the article that fully informs the readers.
• ⑤__________Be sure to check all the facts in your news article before you contribute it, including names, dates, and contact information or addresses. Writing accurately is the best way to make yourself a suitable news article writer.
• Conclude your article. Make sure your news article is complete and finished by giving it a good concluding sentence. A. Check facts before concluding.
B. Follow up main facts with additional information. C. Include the basics of what, where, when, who and why. D. A leading sentence is to grab readers' attention and interest them. E. Unlike other articles, news articles present information in a special way.
F. Avoid any statement or description that could be construed (分析) as support or criticism. G. This list helps prevent you leaving out any necessary information about the topic or story.
4、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Try to be a science-lover
Surveys show that science instruction in elementary schools averages around two hours per week, and in some districts it isn't taught at all until middle school. Even when these subjects are taught, teachers tend to have little training and lack the resources to lead experiments. However, there are still plenty of ways to inspire you to fall in love with science. ①__________ Go beyond the classroom.
Three out of four Nobel Prize winners in science discovered their passion outside a school environment. ②__________ Many elementary schools offer after-school opportunities to explore subjects.
Say yes to video games.
Angry Birds won't help you win a future science fair, but Minecraft might. ③
__________Minecraft lets players customize complex worlds by using virtual building blocks, while educational add-ons help them learn programming basics as they play. ④__________
Don’t know much about biology? No worries. Science isn't so much about answers as the journey to find them. Communicate with your classmates what kind of bird is in that tree or why light is bouncing off the river, and then take the time to learn about it. Take field trips.
When a group of Google Science Fair finalists were asked what had most influenced their interest in the subject, many said, “ Making trips to the local science museum as a kid.” ⑤__________ Outings to aquariums, botanical gardens, zoos, and state or national parks can also bring scientific principles to your life. A. Explore together. B. Ask scientists for help.
C. The following tips may help deal with the mystery.
D. Follow these steps to help unlock your inner “Madame Curie\". E. Follow their lead and plan to visit one while you're on vacations. F. So seek out after-class activities with a focus on scientific explorations. G. That's because this popular game can help develop your interest in science.
5、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Do Man-on-the-Street Interviews
The man-on-the-street interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to interview people on the spot. ①__________But with these tips, your first man-on-the-street interview experience can be easy.
• When your boss or professor sends you out to do man-on-the-street interviews for a story, think about the topic and develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it. For example, if your topic is about environmental problems in America,you might ask,“ Why do you think environmental protection is important in America?” ②__________
• Hit the streets with confidence. ③__________Say,“Excuse me, I work for XYZ News, and I was wondering if you could share your opinion about this topic.” This is a quick way to get people to warm up.
• Move on to the next pennon if someone tells you she is not interested in talking on camera. Don't get discouraged.
• ④__________Each interview that you get on the street shouldn’t be longer than ten minutes. As soon as you get the answer you need, move on to the next person. Make sure that as you go from inteniew to interview, you are getting a variety of answers. If evenone is giving you the same answer, you won't be able to use it. A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten. ⑤__________
• If your news station or school requires interviewees to sign release forms to appear on the air, don't leave work without them. A. Limit your time.
B. As you approach people, be polite. C. If you don't own a camera, you can buy one.
D. For new reporters, this can seem like a challenging task. E. To get good and useful results, ask them the same question. F. That number of interviews should give you all the answers you need. G. With a question like this, you will get more than a “Yes” or “No” reply.
6、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。
Parents usually teach their children how to cross the street safely, by looking both ways for cars.①__________The city of Honolulu, Hawaii wants everyone to learn that lesson.
②__________Beginning on December 24, you will be fined from $ 15 to $ 99 if you step into a Honolulu street while looking at your phone. Honolulu is the first major U.S. city to ban what is
called “distracted walking”. It recently passed a law in a seven to two vote. The law says, “No pedestrian shall cross a street or highway while viewing a mobile electronic device.”③__________
The law includes all electronic devices with screens: cellphone, tablets, gaming devices, digital cameras and laptop computers.④__________Pedestrians may use such devices in the street to call emergency services and rescue workers, such as firefighters and police officers.
Pedestrian deaths have been increasing as the use of cellphones rises. The Governors Highway Safety Association, or GHSA, says pedestrian deaths in the United States increased 25 percent in 2010 and 2015. That trend continued in 2016 with the number of pedestrian deaths rising to almost 6000, 11% higher than that in 2015.
⑤__________The state of Washington was the first to outlaw distracted driving back in 2007. Now, 46 other states as well as D. C., Puerto Rico, Guam and the U. S. Virgin Islands, have laws against texting while driving.
If you still want to text while walking, you could avoid being fined in Honolulu by using a voice-controlled digital assistant such as Siri or Google Assistant. Or you could just wait until you are again, safely, off the street.
A. However, the law does permit an exception. B. Other U. S. cities may follow Honolulu.
C. But do they also teach them to put away their cellphones? D. Texting while crossing the street will soon be banned in the city. E. Do you like Honolulu’s new law that bans texting while walking?
F. In other words, do not look at a screen when you cross the street or you could be fined. G. The law has lowered the number of people hit and killed by cars in the city.
7、 Getting older
No one really knows how and why people change as they get older.①.__________Aging is a complex and varied process that varies in how it affects different people and organs. In fact, even in one person, different organ systems “age” at different rate.
At a certain point in our lives our body systems will begin to weaken.②.__________It may become more difficult for us to see and hear. The slow change of aging causes our bodies to lose
some of their ability to bounce back from disease and injury. In order to live longer, we have always tried to slow or stop this change that leads us toward the end of our lives.
③.__________A good diet plays an important role. The amount and the type of exercise we get are another two factors.④.__________But scientists studying the aging problem want to know: Why do people grow old? They hope that by studying the aging medical science they may be able to make the length of life longer.
⑤.__________Many consider the later part of life to be the best time for living. Physical activity may become less, but often we get better understanding of the world and ourselves. What we consider the old age now may only be middle-aged some day soon who knows, with so many advances in medical science happening so quickly, life length may one day be measured in centuries, rather than in years! A. Our strength may become weaker.
B. Symptoms include a lack of energy, slow reactions, insomnia and poor memory. C. Our living condition is yet another.
D. Also, no theory sufficiently explains all the changes of the aging process E. As for diet, people are advised to eat less salt and sugar. F. Many factors decide our health.
G. There is nothing to be afraid of as the old age comes.
8、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。
On Sunday, a driver of a bus, reportedly drove off the road in order to avoid hitting an e-bike thal was crossing at a crossing against the lights. The accident reflects a problem that is quite common now . ①__________
Some argue that e-bikes are the weaker side compared with automobiles so they should be given higher rights on the road. ②__________But the case shows e-bike riders are not always the weaker. Sometimes when they break the rules, drivers that try to avoid hitting them are in effect the weaker of the two parties.
③__________ In quite a number of cities, rules say e-bikes can travel in bicycle lanes, and can travel on tlie roads when there is no bicycle lane.
④__________ The main cause of this dilemma is that punishments for breaking the rules are rather light.
According to the road traffic law, e-bike riders face a warning\" or a fine from 5 yuan to 50 yuan if they break the law. Only when they refuse to pay the fine will the poIice be able to hold their e-bikes in custody. That is really light because e-bikes could cause quite serious accidents. That is not to say that the drivers of other vehicles are never at fault. Drivers who break the traffic rules also face light punishments that fail to act as a deterrent to law-breaking. Such a situation has already hurt the public's confidence in the law because too many road users seem to think they can break the rules with impunity, or at most a light punishment. ⑤__________ A. That sounds reasonable.
B. How can we solve this kind of problem?
C. Besides, many cities have already given e-bikes quite high rights on the road. D. Some riders of e-bikes break the rules of the road and endanger peopled life. E. There are so many e-bike users that we must take measures to ensure safety. F. It’s time to strengthen the law and raise people's awareness of obeying the rules.
G. Yet such measures have failed to prevent e-bikes from causing accidents one after another. G. In other words, when you take care of your body, you take care of your brain.
答案以及解析
1答案及解析： 答案： F; A; E; G; C
解析： 本文是说明文。如何保持大脑的灵活性,本文给出若干简单易学的方法,其中包括着眼未来、散步以及学习新知识等。
1.细节过渡题。上文提出大脑存在的问题,但是幸运的是,研究表明,你可以做一些事情避免这种情况的发生。
2. 主旨大意题。此空是下段的小标题,根据下文中的“...keep your brain looking forward. ”可以推知,该段主旨大意是着眼未来。
3.逻辑关系题。上文提到经常作计划,并着眼未来事务的人患老年痴呆症的几率要少50%,但是即便你的日程里没那么多改变生活的重大事件也不用担心,因为制定一个每周和朋友喝一次咖啡的这样一个简单目标也能实现同样的效果。
4. 段落结论题。根据上文中的“In fact,exercise produces chemicals that are good for your brain. ”可以推知,照顾好身体,也就照顾好了大脑。
5. 文章结构题。上文提到对大脑有好处的活动,再联系下文与空格平行的句子可以推知,此处指:应该是像学习园艺或者与朋友一起跳舞之类的活动。
2答案及解析： 答案：D; E; F; C; G 解析：
语篇解读本文就如何培养孩子的责任心提出了四条建议,即尽早开始、让孩子帮助你、给孩子演示怎样做以及要告诉孩子做事的后果。
1. D过渡句.从上文描述的例子可以看出,这是两个非常有责任心的孩子,D项中的these wonderful children与上文所列的例子是对同一概念的重复描述。故选D。
2. E主旨句:根据文章结构和设空位置可以判断,此題为段落主旨句。由段落中的suddenly, needs time to practice可知,本段建议家长培养孩子的责任心应尽早开始,故选E。
3. F细节句空前说到邀请孩子来帮忙,F项承接此意,表明了这样做的理由,即让孩子感觉到受重视。
4. C主旨句根据文章结构和设空位置可以判断,此题为段落主旨句。由本段中的You can show how to...可知,本段介绍教给孩子们怎样做,故选C。
5. G细节句:上文举例提到,在孩子绘画结束后,要告诉他们收拾好蜡笔,否则第二天就不能再玩。G项对此细节进一步解释,从反面建议如果孩子们做不到该如何应对,故选G。
3答案及解析： 答案：E; G; D; C; A
解析：1.E 根据上句“Writing a news article is different from writing other articles or
informational pieces. ” 可知,写新闻报道和写其他文章不同,由此推断,接下来要谈它的不同之处,故E项符合语境。
2. G根据小标题和上句中的“... make a list or outline of all the connected facts and information. 可知,本段主要讲述收集材料,故G项符合语境。
3. D根据小标题“Start with the lead.”可知,本段主要讲述的内容和开头句相关,D项“ A leading sentence is to grab readers’ attention and interest them. ”说明了开头句的作用,故选D项。 4. C 根据小标题“Give all the important details. ”可知,本段主要谈论的是写作的细节,而C项中的“what,where, when, who and why”都是细节,故选C项。
5. A 根据下句中的“Be sure to check all the facts in your news article.可知,本段的内容与核实细节有关,故A 项“Check facts before concluding. ” 符合语境。
4答案及解析： 答案：D; F; G; A; E 解析：
1. D上文提到“然而,还是有很多方法来激发你爱上科学”。下文提到了几种方法。该句起到承上启下的作用。D项符合语境。误解分析:易误选C项。C项提到的是“下面的建议也许会帮助你解开一些谜团”而文章主要内容是如何使自己对科学感兴趣。故排除C项。 2. F上文提到“四分之三的诺贝尔科学奖获得者都是在校外环境中找到他们的激情的” F项(所以要找到一些可以使你专注于科学探索的课外活动)符合语境。
3. G该段主旨是不要拒绝游戏有的游戏。不能帮你了解科学,但是有的游戏可以。G项(这是因为这款受欢迎的游戏可以帮助你培养对科学的兴趣)符合语境。
4. A 由“Wonder out loud with your classmates...”和“take the time to leam about it”可知,要与同学一起去探索. 故A项符合语境。
5. E上文提到“当一些谷歌科学挑战赛的参赛选手被问到什么最影响他们对这一学科的兴趣时,许多人回答:‘小时候多次去当地科学博物馆(的经历)’。”下面提到了具体要去探究的地方。E项(追随他们的步伐,在你放假时计划去参观吧)符合语境。
5答案及解析： 答案：D; G; B; A; F 解析：
语篇解读本文是一篇说明文,文章就“如何进行街头采访”给出了一些建议。 答案解析
1. D下文提到“但是有了这些技巧,你的首次街头采访会容易些”。由此可知空格处应该是指“对新手来说,这似乎是一个具有挑战性的工作”。D项符合语境。
2. G上文是一个以why开头的问题,G项意为“有一个像这样的问题,你不会仅仅得到‘yes’或‘no’的回答”。误解分析:易误选E项。E项中“ask them the same question\"造成了干扰。但是前半句“为了得到好的且有用的结果”与文意没有联系。
3. B根据下文中“Excuse me”,可知这里的建议应该是提问时要有礼貌,而B项中的polite与其相呼应。
4. A 根据下文“Each interview that you get on the street shouldn’t be longer than ten minutes.”可知这一段的建议是要限制采访的时间, 故A项符合语境。
5. F 上文提到“A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten.\" 而F项中“That number of interviews...”与其相呼应,故F项符合语境。
6答案及解析： 答案：C; D; F; A; B 解析：
语篇解读本文介绍了美国夏成夷的火奴鲁鲁针对行人过马路时看手机等电子设备的行为颁布了法律,并分析了原因,
1. C过渡句。此空的前一句讲:父母经常教育他们的孩子怎么安全过马路,那就是注意两边的车。后一句讲:夏威夷的火奴鲁鲁想要每个人都学到这一课;此处的that lesson应为C中的put away their phones 与之匹配。
2. D主旨句。根据本段信息you will be fined from $ 15 to $99 if you step into the streets of Honolulu while looking at your phone 可知,本段谈及过马路的时候看手机将被罚款3故D项Texting while crossing the streel will soon be banned in the city.(在这个城市,过马路时发短信很快就会被禁止)符合语境。
3. F细节句。根据空前句的法律条款可知,这个城市禁止行人在过马路时看移动电子设备。F项中的信息do not look at a screen when you cross the street or you could be fined(当你过马路的时候不要盯着屏幕否则你可能会被罚款)是对这项法律条款的解读,与之匹配.
4. A过渡句。根据下文内容可知,人们可以打电话给应急服务机构,或救援人员,此种情况应属例外,故A项(然而,法律确实允许一个例外)符合。
5. B主旨句。下文列举美国其他州或地区的一系列相关行为,故总结为:其他的美国城市也可能仿效火奴鲁鲁. 故B项符合。
7答案及解析： 答案：D; A; F; C; G 解析：
这是一篇说明文,叙述了没有人知道人在变老时的变化,饮食、锻炼等是决定健康的因素。许多人认为,人的后半生是人生的黄金时间,所以不要为衰老而恐惧。
1. D 根据空前一句“No one really knows how and why people change as they get older. ”可知,G项中的“the changes of the aging process”与空前一句中的“change as they get older”对应。都提到人在变老时的变化,故选G项。
2. A 根据空处上一句中的“our body systems will begin to weaken”可知,在我们生命的某一时刻,我们的身体将开始变得衰弱;结合C项中的关键词“ become weaker”可以判断答案。 故选C项。
3. F 根据空后的“ A good diet plays an important role. The amount and the type of exercise we get are another two factors.”可知,本段主要介绍了决定健康的几个因素,故选B项。
4. C 根据空前的“another two factors”可知,A项 \"我们的生活条件是另一个因素”,是补充说明另一个决定健康的因素。故选A项。
5. G 根据空后的一句“Many consider the later part of life to be the best time for living. ”可知,许多人认为人的后半生是人生的最佳时间;据此可以判断,变老并没有什么可怕的。故选E项。
8答案及解析： 答案：D; A; C; G; F 解析：
1. D上文提到的这起事故反映出了这类事故现在普遍存在的一个原因。此处是原因分析.即一些骑电动自行车的人违反交通规则.因此对安全构成威胁。误解分析:易误选B项:受到上文 “ problem ” 一词的干扰。
2. A上文提到一些人认为骑电动自行车的人与开车的人相比是弱势群体,所以他们应该被给予更高的通行权下文表转折.所以此处应该表示上文的论断听起来有一定道理。
3. C 由下文“e-bikes can travel in bicycle lanes,and can travel on the roads when there is no bicycle lane” 可知,此处该是指在道路使用方面,很多城市已经给了电动自行车很大特权。 4. G 由下文“The main cause of this dilemma is that punishments for breaking the rules are rather light.”可知,惩罚力度太轻,所以此处应该是指没有阻止一次又一次事故的发生。 5. F此处是总结句。提出解决办法,加强立法、提高人们遵守规则的意识。
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