词根

SuffiMeaning x Example

-ac

pertaining to 属于，关于 -al pertaining to -ar

pertaining to

-ary pertaining to

belonging to -ase enzyme 酶 -cle

smallness 小,少,贫乏,小气 -e

an instrument 仪器

-eal pertaining to

-ia condition; quality -ic

pertaining to

-ics

study of; name of a science

-ine/isubstance 物质 n

-ism process or condition

-ist

one who specializes in 精通于……的人

cardiac: pertaining to the heart 心脏（病）的

medical: pertaining to medicine molecular: pertaining to a molecule 分子的

ciliary: pertaining to the cilia 睫毛的,纤毛的,毛状的

amylase: any enzyme that converts starch to sugar 淀粉酶 follicle: a small bodily cavity or sac 小囊,(头发的)毛囊

auriscope: an instrument for examining the ear (检查耳朵用的)耳镜

laryngeal: pertaining to the larynx 喉的, 喉音的

phobia: abnormal fear 恐惧，害怕 toxic: pertaining to toxin 有毒的；因中毒引起的

paediatrics: study of children, their development and diseases 儿科学

insulin：

substance (hormone) produced by the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas 胰岛素

alcoholism: excessive drinking of alcohol which becomes addictive 酒精中毒

pharmacologist: a doctor who specializes in the study of drugs 药理专家

-itis

inflammation refers to a part in rhinitis: inflammation of the nasal passages ……部位的炎症

鼻炎，鼻粘膜炎

-(i)um relation to a whole; related to endometrium: inner lining of the uter子宫内膜

与……相关 -ive

characterizes by

antitussive: a drug that suppresses coughing 止咳药

-let

tiny; small

droplet: a tiny drop 小滴

-ment the result or product of an actiodevelopment: thing which develops or is being developed; action

n

-oid resembling; like

像 -ole little; small

of becoming mature mucoid: resembling mucus 粘液样的

centriole: the small dense structure in the middle of the centrosome

细胞中心粒；中心体

-oma tumor; swelling refers to a doer dermatofibroma: fibrous tumor of the skin

皮肤纤维瘤

-or/-eeither a person or thing r

receptor: a sensory nerve ending that responds to various stimuli感受器，受体

-ory characterized by; pertaining to suspensory: which is hanging down

悬吊式，悬带

-ose sugar

-osis abnormal condition -ous pertaining to

fructose: fruits sugar found in honey and some fruit 果糖 onychocryptosis: abnormal condition of a hidden nail 嵌甲 poisonous: pertaining to poison; also containing poison 有毒的，分泌毒素的

-somebodies s

-um structure; thing; substance

结构，物质

magnesium: a white metallic chemical substance 镁（金属元素） ribosome: the body of nucleic acid核糖体

-y

condition; act; process

dystrophy: disorder caused by defective nutrition or metabolism 营养不良

The following is a list of the most commonly used compound suffixes Suffix Meaning

-algia pain; painful; condition --ase enzyme

Example

arthralgia: pain in a joint 关节痛 protease: digestive enzyme 蛋白酶

-blast embryo胚，胚胎，人类胚胎 hemocytoblast: blast cell 血胚细胞，原始血细胞

-carcinmalignant tumor developing fradenocarcinoma: malignant tumor developing from glandular tissoma

om connective tissue 相关组织的恶性肿瘤

-cele

protrusion; distention突出；膨esophagocele: abnormal distention of the esophagus 食管突出 胀，延伸

-centessurgical puncture 手术穿孔 paracentesis: surgical puncture of a cavity for the aspiration of flis

-capnia carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 -cide

kill

uid 穿刺术

acapnia: absence of carbon dioxide 血液二氧化碳缺乏 germicide: (substance) which can kill germs 杀菌剂

-clast cell

phagocyte:cell, especially a white blood cell, which can surround and destroy other cells 噬菌细胞

-dynia pain

glossodynia: pain in the tongue 舌痛 ue 腺癌

扩张) atelectasis: incomplete expansion of the lungs at birth 肺不张 -ectasiexpansion; dilation(膨胀，a/ -ectasis

-ectomsurgical excision or removal ofgastrectomy: surgical removal of the stomach胃切除术 y

-edema excessive accumulation of sermyxoedema: condition caused when the thyroid gland does not

ous fluid 水肿

-emia blood condition

produce enough thyroid hormone 粘液腺瘤病，粘液水肿 leukemia: any of several malignant diseases where an abnormal number of leucocytes form in the blood 白血病

-emesivomiting 呕吐

hematemesis: the vomiting of blood 咯血；吐血

s -gen

something that produced or prpathogen: a microorganism or agent capable of producing diseasouduces

-genesiproduction 生产 s

-globin protein蛋白质

e 病菌，病原体

spermatogenesis: formation and development of spermatozoa in the testes精子发生

hemoglobin: an iron-containing protein produced by erythrocytes 血红素

-gnosis knowledge

diagnosis: the process of identifying the nature or presence of a disease through knowledge and examination

-gram image; picture

electrocardiogram: a graphic record of the electrical activity of heart muscle or heartbeat used in the diagnosis of heart disease. Abbr. ECG and EKG. Syn. cardiogram 心电图

-graph(process of recording y)

记录过程

cholelithiasis: the formation of gallstones 胆石症

electocardiography: the process of making or recording electrocardiograms. Syn. cardiography 心电图记录

-iasis condition; state

情况，状况

-iatry/ healing, frequently refers to a podiatry: treatment of foot disorders -iatrics -lith -logy

branch of medicine 康复，常指医学的一个分支 stone the study of

足部医疗

cholelith: a gallstone; a stone formed in the gallbladder 胆结石 cytology: the science study of cells 细胞学

urologist: a physician who specializes in the practice of urology 泌尿科医生

-lysis breakdown, destruction

hemolysis: the destruction or breakdown of red blood cells with release of hemoglobin溶血

-malacisoftening a

-mania extreme compulsion or preocckleptomania: a morbid, uncontrollable compulsion to steal 盗窃癖

upation强迫症

osteomalacia: softening of bone 骨软化

-logist one who studies and treats

-megalgiant y

-metry/ measurement -meter -odynia pain -one

hormone荷尔蒙，激素

acromegaly: a condition in which there is an enlargement of the facial bones as well as those of the lungs 肢端肥大症

spirometry: measurement of the volume of air inhaled and exhaled or the air capacity of the lungs肺(活)量测定(法),呼吸量测定(法)

cardiodynia: pain in the heart region 心痛，胸痛

parathormone: which regulates calcium balance among the blood, bones, and teeth甲状旁腺激素

近视 -opia a defect in the eye眼睛的毛病 myopia: being short-sighted -opsy to view -osis

morbid condition病态的

biopsy: excision of live tissue for microscopic diagnosis活检 sclerosis: abnormal hardening 硬化症 anosmia: loss of the sense of smell嗅觉丧失

-osmia smell

-ostomprocess of making an openinggastrostomy: surgical construction of an opening from the surfacy

into or a connection between e of the abdomen into the stomach胃造口术 造瘘

-oxia

level of oxygen氧水平

hypoxia: a low oxygen level or a lack of oxygen in body tissues组织缺氧

-pathy disease; diseased condition -penia deficiency

ophthalmopathy: any eye disease眼病

leukopenia: deficiency of leukocytes in the blood. Syn. leukocytopenia白细胞减少症

-pepsia digestion

eupepsia: good digestion 消化良好

--pexy a fixing or setting firmly in plahepatopexy: surgical fixation of a displace liver肝固定术

ce by suturing 缝合固定

-phagiaeating; swallowing 吃，吞咽 dysphagia: difficulty in swallowing吞咽困难 /phagy -phil

attraction吸引，具有吸引力的basophil: type of leucocyte or white blood cell which contains gra事物

-phobia fear

-plasia formation; development

nules嗜碱性粒细胞

xenophobia: irrational fear of strangers对外国人的恐惧，憎恶 hyperplasia: overdevelopment or enlargement of an organ or tissue增生，数量型肥大

-phonia voice

dysphonia: difficulty in speaking发声困难

-plasm formation; growth or substanccytoplasm: jelly substance in the cell细胞浆

e of formation

-plasty surgical repair --plegia stroke; paralysis 中风 -pnea breathing

osteoplasty: surgical repair of the bone骨整形术，骨成形术 thermoplegia: heat or sunsrtoke热射病 eupnea: normal breathing呼吸正常，平静呼吸

--ptosis a falling, the dropping or sagghepatoptosis: abnormally low position of the liver肝下垂

ing of an organ器官下移

-ptysis spitting分散 -poiesis production

melanoptysis: spitting of the spleen黑色痰液;咳黑痰 hemopoiesis: production of blood cells 造血作用，生血作用

-rrhagebursting forth of blood 出血 menorrhagia: very heavy bleeding during menstruation 月经过多 / -rrhagia

-rrhaphsurgical sewing or suturing y

-rrhea overflow

-(o)rrhsplitting or rupture 撕裂，破exis

裂，疝气

羊膜破裂

hydrorrhea: watery discharge液溢 amniorrhexis: rupture of the amniotic ac splenorrhaphy: suture of the spleen脾修补术

-sarcomalignant tumor developing frliposarcoma: malignant tumor containing fat ma

om connective tissue

脂肪肉瘤

-schesia holding back; suppression ofuroschesis: suppression of urine闭尿，尿潴留 s

discharge阻碍；抑制排放

dermatosclerosis: hardening of the skin硬皮病

-scleroa hardening sis

-scope instrument for viewing

stethoscope: an instrument for performing medicate ausculation听诊器

-scopy process of examining visually hepatoscopy: examination of the liver 肝检查 -spasm involuntary contraction

angiospasm: sudden contraction of the muscles in a blood vessel血管痉挛

-stasis suppression; stoppage; controhemostasis: the arrest of bleeding

l; arrest抑制，中止

止血，止血法

-stenosabnormal narrowing of a duct laryngostenosis: abnormal narrowing of the larynx 喉狭窄 is

or canal管、道德异常狭窄

-stomy surgical opening to the outsidcolostomy: surgical operation to make an opening from the colon

e of the body造口

-tentiopressure n

-theraptreatment y

--tion process

-tocia labor; birth 生产 -tome tool for incision -tomy process of cutting into -tropia turning 转弯，变向

hospitalization: the process of being hosipitalized住院 embryotocia: abortion 流产

arthrotome: instrument for cutting a joint关节刀 gastrotomy: incision of the stomach 胃切开术 esotropia: turning inward of the eye内斜视

physiotherapy: treatment of disease by physical means物理疗法 结肠造口术

hypertention: high blood pressure 高血压

-trophy nourishment or development dystrophy: disorder caused by defective nutrition or metabolism

of an organ器官的营养、发育 营养不良

-uria

a condition of the urine（小便） dysuria: difficultly in passing urine 排尿困难

eversion: a turning outward外翻，翻转

-versioturning n

Here is a table of the most commonly used prefixes Prefix Meaning a-/an- without; not

Example

aphasia: the inability to understand written or spoken words or to speak meaningfully失语症

ab- ad-

away from to; toward; near

abortion: expulsion from the uterus流产 adnasal: near the nose 近鼻的 acronyx: growing into the flesh嵌甲

albino: a person lacking normal pigmentation白发病者 ambisexual、

acro- a point or tip alb-

white

amb-/ both

ambi-

amphi-both; both sides / ampho- ana-

up; back again

Angio- a blood vessel ante- before

anti-

against

audi- hearing; sound auto- self

bi- two; twice

bio-

living organisms生命体

brady- slow

carcin- carcinoma or cancer癌；瘤 cata- downwards; under; against; along with

centi- one hundredth百分之一

co(n)- with or together contra- against

de- removal or loss deca- ten

bisexual: (person) who is sexually attracted to both males and famales 双性恋

amphicentric: beginning and ending in the same vessel起止同源的血管

anabolism: process of building up complex chemical substances on the basis of simpler ones 合成代谢

angioma: benign tumor formed of blood vessel血管瘤 antenatal: during the period between conception and childbirth 出生前的，怀孕期的

antidepressant: (drug) used to treat depression抗抑郁剂 audiometry: science of testing hearing听力测定

autoantibody: antibody formed to attack the body’s own cells自身抗体

bicellular: two cells两室的

biochemistry: chemistry living tissues生物化学

bradycardia: slow rate of heart contraction, shown by a slow pulse rate心动过缓

carcinogen: a cancer-causing substance致癌物

cataract: condition where the lens of the eye gradually becomes

hard and opaque白内障

centimeter: unit of measurement of length(=one hundredth of a meter)厘米

consanguineous: blood relationship血亲的，血缘的，密切的 contraception: prevention of pregnancy by using devices or drugs 避孕法，节育法

decaffeinated: (coffee) with the caffeine removed 脱去咖啡因的 decagram: ten grams 十克

deci-

tenth

deciliter: unit of measurement of liquid(=one tenth of a little)1/10公升

di- dia-

two

diglossia: a double tongue使用两种语言

through; between; apart; acrodiathermy: process of (treating) through heat ss

dis- reversal or separate dys-

bad; difficult; disordered

echo- sound

ect-/ outside or outer ecto- en-

in; within endo- inside epi- on; over ery- red

eso- inward; within(向内) eu-

good

ex-/ exout of o-

extra- outside hemi- half

hydro- water hyper- higher or too much hypo- less or too little in-

in or into

透热疗法

disintegrate: to come to pieces分解，破裂

dysarthrosis: deformity or malformation of a joint关节变形 echocardiography: ultrasonography of the heart心回波描记，超声心动描记术

ecchondroma: benign tumor on the surface of cartilage or bone外生软骨瘤

enostosis: benign growth inside a bone内生骨疣 endocardium: membrane which lines the heart心内膜 epidermis: outer layer of skin表皮

erythrocyte: mature non-nucleated red blood cell红细胞 esotropia: turning inward of the eye内斜视

eugenics: study of how to improve the human race by genetic selection优生学

exhale: to breath out 呼出

extracapsular: outside a capsule囊外的

hemiplegia: severe paralysis affecting one side of the body 偏瘫,半身麻痹,半身不遂

hydrocele: collection of watery liquid found in a cavity such as the scrotum阴囊积水

hyperglycaemia: excess of glucose in the blood高血糖症 hypokalaemia: deficiency of potassium in the blood 低血钾 inbreeding: breeding between a closely related male and female 近亲交配

in-

not

incoherent: not able to speak in a way which makes sense语无伦次

infra- below or beneath inter- between intra- inside itro-

into

infrapatellar: below or beneath the patella髌 interlobular: between lobules小叶间的

intramedullary: inside the bone marrow or spinal cord 髓内 introvert: person who thinks only about himself and his own mental state性格内向的人

mal-

bad or abnormal

malfunction: abnormal working of an argan机器等运转失常；失灵；出现故障

meta- changes

metaplasia: change of one tissue to another 化生，转化，组织变形

micro- very small mid- milli- mis-

middle one thousandth error or wrong

microcyte: abnormally small red blood cell小红细胞 midcarpal: between the two rows of carpal bones腕骨间的 milligram: unit of measurement of weight 毫克 miscarriage: spontaneous abortion流产

multigravida: a woman who is pregnant and has been pregnant at least twice before 经产孕妇

noct- at night

nocturia: passing abnormally large quantity of urine when asleep in bed at night夜尿症

nona- nine or the nineth octa- eight odont- teeth

nonagon: flat shape which has nine sides九边形 octan: every eight days八日热；每隔八日发一次的

odontology: study of teeth and associated structures, and their disorders

onco- tumours oro-

mouth

oncology: scientific study of new gowths肿瘤学 orolingual: pertaining to the mouth and tongue口与舌的 pachysomia: condition where soft tissues of the body become abnormally thick躯体肥厚

pali-/ against; pathologic repetitionpalindromic: (disease) which recurs palin-

病态的重复

复发的，再发的

multi- many

pachy- thickening

pan-/pall ant-/ panto-

para- similar to or near; changed or paralyse or paralyze: to weaken (muscles) so that they cannot fu

beyond

pen-/ five penta- per-

through

nction使麻痹，使瘫痪

pentosuria: excretion of pentoses in the urine 戊糖尿

percutaneous: done or administered through the skin经皮的，由皮的

peri-

around

pericystitis: inflammation of tissue around the bladder膀胱周炎 pancytopenia: abnormal depression of all the cellular elements of the blodd全血细胞减少症

pero- deformed or defective畸形有peromelia: congenital deformity of the limbs

缺陷的

四肢不全

pharmdrugs aco-

pleo-/ too many pleio- pluri- more

pneumair or the lungs; breathing -/ pneunmo- poly-

touching many organs

polyphagia: condition where a patient eats too much; morbid desire for every king of food 多食症，杂食症

post- after or later pre-

before of in front of

postprandial: after a meal 餐后的

premature: early or before the normal time 过早的，早产 presbyopia: an old person’s sight fails gradually老花眼 prognosis: prediction of the outcome of a disease预测；预后 pharmacology: study of drugs or medicines, and their action, properties and characteristics药理学，药物学

pleokaryocyte: condition where a greater than normal number of cells in cerebrospinal fluid多核细胞

pluriglandular: pertaining to or affecting several glands多线性的 pneumonia: inflammation of a lung 肺炎

presby- old age pro-/

before or in front of

supin-/ lying on the back pron- bend forward

quadri-four / five/fifth

quint-

radio- ray or radiation

semi- half

sub-

under

super- above; extremely syn-

with; joint

supra- above; over tachy- fast tetra- four

trans- across; through; beyond

tri-

three

ultra- beyond; excess

uni-

one

xen(o)- strange; foreign

quadruplet or quad: one of four babies born to a mother at the same time四胞胎

radiotherapy: treating a disease by exposing the affected part to radioactive 放射疗法

semiptosis: the downward sagging of half or part of an organ 轻度睑下垂

submucous: under the mucous membrane粘膜下层的；粘膜下的superalbuminosis: abnormal increase of albumin白蛋白过多 syndesmosis: joint where the ones are tightly linked by ligaments 韧带联合

suprarenal: (situated) above a kidney 肾上腺 tachycardia: rapid beating of the heart 心动过速

tetracycline: antibiotic used to treat a wide range of bacterial diseases 四环素

transmission: the transfer, as of a disease, from one person to another 传染

tricephalus: a fetus with three heads 三头畸胎

ultrasonics: the science dealing with ultrasonic sound waves 超声波学

uniglandular: affecting only one gland 单腺的

xenograft: a graft of tissue transplant between animals of different species 异种移植物