必修1 Unit 1 Friendship
要 点 梳 理
高效梳理·知识备考 ●重点单词
1．upset adj.心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的 vt.使不安；使心烦 2．ignore vt.不理睬；忽视→ignorance n．
3．calm vt. & vi.(使)平静；(使)镇定 adj.平静的；镇静的；沉着的 4．concern vt. & n．(使)担忧；涉及；关系到；担心；关注；(利害)关系→concerned adj.担忧的→concerning prep.关于 5．loose adj.松的；松开的 6．series n．连续；系列
7．outdoors adv.在户外；在野外
8．entire adj.整个的；完全的；全部的
9．power n．能力；力量；权力→powerful adj.有权势的 10．settle vi.安家；定居；停留vt.使安居；安排；解决→settled adj.→settlement n．安居；定居
11．suffer vt. &vt.遭受；忍受；经历→suffering n．痛苦；折磨 12．recover vi. &vt.痊愈；恢复；重新获得→recovery n．痊愈 13．pack vi. &vt.捆扎；包装；打行李 n．小包；包裹
14．exactly adv.确实如此；正是；确切地→exact adj.精确的 15．disagree vi.不同意→disagreement n．→agree 反义词 ●重点短语 1．add up合计
2．calm down 平静下来；镇定下来 3．have got to 不得不，必须
4．be concerned about 关心，挂念 5．go through 经历；经受
6．set down 放下；记下；登记 7．a series of 一连串的；一系列的 8．on purpose 故意 9．in order to 为了„„ 10．at dusk 在黄昏时刻 11．face to face 面对面
12．no longer/not any longer 不再 13．suffer from 遭受；患病 14．get/be tired of 对„„厌烦
15．pack (sth.) up 将(东西)装箱打包 16．get along with 与„„相处；进展 17．fall in love 相爱；爱上 18．join in 参加；加入
考 点 探 究 互动探究·能力备考 Ⅰ.词汇短语过关
1．concern vt. (使)担忧；涉及；关系到 n. 担心；关注；(利害)关系 concerned adj. 关心的；挂念的；有关的 be concerned about关心，挂念 be concerned with牵扯进/参与…… as/so far as... be concerned 就……而言 [即学即练3]
As far as I’m concerned， the sooner, the better. 就我而言，越快越好。 2．series n. 系列；连续
a series of 一连串的；一系列的 a series of exams 一连串的考试 a TV series 一部电视连续剧
注意：(1)series 属于单复数同形的单词，类似的单词还有 means, species, works(工厂)，deer, fish, sheep 等。
(2)“a series of＋复数名词”做主语时，谓语动词用单数，但“these/those series of＋复数名词”做主语时，谓语动词用复数。
[即学即练4] (1)Then began a series of wet days that spoiled our vacation. 之后就是一连串的下雨天，把我们的假期弄得一团糟。
(2)There was a series of car accidents at the crossing this morning.今天早晨在十字路口发生了一连串的交通事故。
3．settle vi. 安家；定居；停留 vt. 使定居；安排；解决 settle down 安居下来；定居，
get down to + n．/v.－ing开始认真做……，专心于…… [即学即练5] Let's settle down to the work.我们开始工作。 4．suffer vt.& vi. 遭受；忍受；经历
suffer pain/loss/defeat/punishment/hardship遭受痛苦/损失/失败/惩罚/艰难 suffer from 受……折磨，受……之苦；患……疾病 [即学即练6]
(1)They suffered a great loss in the earthquake. 在地震中他们蒙受了巨大损失。 (2)I'll suffer this rudeness no longer. 我再也不能忍受这种粗鲁了。 (3)He's suffering from a bad cold. 他正患重感冒。 5．recover vi.&vt. 痊愈；恢复；重新获得
recover from sth. 从……中恢复到正常状态(如健康、神智等) [即学即练7]
Liu Xiang is still recovering from his operation. 手术后，刘翔仍在恢复之中。 6．add up 合计
add sth. up 把……加起来 add up to 加起来共计/达 add...to... 把……加在/上…… add to 增加；增添 add that...补充说
[即学即练8] (1)Can you add these figures up？你能把这些数字加起来吗？
(2)All these figures add up to 5 000. 所有这些数字加起来共计5 000。 (3)He added some sugar to the coffee. 他给咖啡里加了些糖。
(4)The bad weather added to our difficulty. 坏天气增加了我们的困难。 (5)He added that he was satisfied with the talk. 他补充说他对会谈很满意。 7．go through
＝experience 经历，经受 ＝examine carefully 仔细检查 ＝look through 浏览，翻阅 ＝pass (through) 通过，经过 ＝be used up 用完
[即学即练9] 写出下列各句中 go through 的意思。
(1)We went through hardships while working on this project. 经历；经受 (2)The teacher has gone through all the papers of the students. 仔细检查
(3)He has the habit of going through morning papers after getting up. 浏览，翻阅 (4)It took us three days to go through the forest. 通过，穿过 (5)I've gone through my ink. 用完 拓展：break through 冲破 get through 完成，通过 look through 浏览 10．set down
(1)＝write down 写下，记下 (2)＝put down 放下，搁下 [即学即练10]
(1)Why don't you set your ideas down on paper? 为什么你不把你的想法写在纸上呢？ (2) Set that heavy bag down to have a rest. 把那沉重的袋子放下，休息一会儿。 拓展：set about doing sth.开始干某事 (＝set out to do sth.) set off开始；出发(＝set out)；引爆 set out出发；开始(后接to do)； set up建立，创设，开办 set aside留出；不顾；取消 set free释放；解放
set sb. a good example为……树立好榜样 11．in order to 为了……
(1)in order to 引导的目的状语，可置于句首或句末，可换成 to (do sth.)。 so as to 引导的目的状语，其位置一般在句末。 (2)否定结构：in order not to do 和 so as not to do。
(3)前后两部分主语一致时，才能用 in order to 或 so asto 来引导，否则，改用 so that 或 in order that 来引导。
[即学即练11]翻译句子。
(1)为了看清楚，我戴上了眼镜。In order to see it clearly, I put on my glasses. ＝I put on my glasses in order to see it clearly. ＝I put on my glasses so as to see it clearly.＝I put on my glasses to see it clearly.＝To see it clearly I put on my glasses.
(2)为了不丢掉工作，她向老板说了谎。In order not to lose the job, she lied to the boss.
12．get along/on with与……相处 get along/on well with....进展(谈及或问及工作情况) [即学即练12] (1)How is the work getting along？工作进展如何？ (2)How are you getting along with your studies?你功课学得怎样？ (3)Selfish men are hard to get along with .自私的人很难相处。 Ⅱ.重点句型详解 1．While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.你在遛狗的时候不小心让狗松脱了，接着它被一辆小车撞着了。
While walking the dog＝While you were walking the dog，这是状语从句的省略。 在when, while, if, as if, though, as, where, unless等连词(词组)引导的状语从句中，如果谓语动词有be，而主语又跟主句的主语相同或为it时，则从句的主语和be常常省略。
①When (I was) in Japan, I took many beautiful pictures.在日本时，我拍了许多漂亮的照片。 ②While (I was) waiting, I read newspapers.我边等待，边看报纸。
③If (it were) not for you, we would not go there.要不是为你，我们就不会去那儿了。 ④He looks as if (he were) drunk.他看上去像喝醉了。
⑤She went on working though (she was) exhausted.尽管她精疲力竭，但仍继续工作。
⑥Fill in the blanks with the given words; change the form where (it is) necessary.用所给词填空，必要的地方改变形式。
⑦I won't go unless (I'm) invited.除非被邀请，否则我不会去。
[即境活用1] When first ______ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. A．introducing B．introduced C．introduce D．being introduced 2．...tell him/her that he/she should have studied... „„告诉他/她本该学习„„
should have done结构表示过去应该做某事而事实上没有做；而shouldn't have done则表示过去本不该做某事而实际上却做了，两者皆含有“责备”的口吻。
①You should have finished your homework yesterday.你昨天就该做完作业。 ②You shouldn't have told him about it.你本来不应该告诉他这件事情。 拓展：其他“情态动词＋have＋done”结构：
(1)must have done对过去发生的事情的肯定推测。“一定……”。
(2)can't/couldn't have done对过去发生的事情的否定推测。“不可能……”。 (3)needn't have done过去没有必要做却做了。“本来没必要做……”。 (4)ought (not) to have done＝should (not) have done
(5)might/may have done过去可能做了某事(可能性小)。“可能做了……”。 (6)could have done过去本可能做而未做。“本来能做……”。 (7)would have done愿意做某事却不能做。“本来想要做……”。
[即境活用2] Oh, I'm not feeling well in the stomach. I ______ so much fried chicken just now. A．shouldn't eat B．mustn't have eaten C．shouldn't have eaten D．mustn't eat 3．...it was the first time in a year and a half that I'd seen the night face to face... ……这是我一年半以来第一次观察夜晚…… It is/was the first time(that)．..这是一个固定句式，it可换成this或that; first可换成second, third等，以表达不同的意义。
①This is the fourth time she's rung you in a week.这是她一周内第四次给你打电话。
②It was the second time that he had been out with her alone.这是他第二次单独跟她外出。 ③It will be the second time that I have got the prize.那将是我第二次获得该奖。
提示：(1)It is the first time that...后接现在完成时；It was the first time that...后接过去完成时；
(2)the first time可起从属连词作用，引导时间状语从句。
The first time I saw her, my heart stopped.我第一次见到她时，心脏都停止了跳动。 (3)for the first time意为“第一次”，单独用做状语。 He was cheated for the first time.他第一次被骗了。 [即境活用3] —Have you ever been here before?
—No. This is the first time that I ______ to the Great Wall.
A．comes B．have been C．came D．had come 4．Mother asked her if/whether she was very hot with so many clothes on.妈妈问她穿这么多衣服是不是很热。
“with＋n.＋形容词/副词/介词短语/分词/动词不定式”这种结构在句中经常做状语，表示原因、方式或伴随状态。如果分词的动作与前面的名词是主动关系，用现在分词；如果是被动关系，则用过去分词；如果表示一个未来的动作就用不定式。
①He lay on his back, with his eyes looking up into the sky. 他躺着，眼瞅着天空。 ②With his homework done, he went out to play.完成作业，他就出去玩了。 ③With the guide to lead us, we'll have no difficulty finding his house. 有导游带路，我们将不费力地找到他家。
④He came in, with a book in his hand.他手里拿着一本书走了进来。
⑤He is used to sleeping with the windows open.他已经习惯了开着窗户睡觉。 ⑥He often sleeps with the light on.他经常开着灯睡觉。 易 错 点 拨 自我完善·误区备考
1. calm/quiet/still/silent 这几个词都与“静”有关，但它们所描述的物体、场合是不同的。 (1)calm常指“天气平静，无风；海无浪；镇定，无忧虑；镇定自若”，强调外表的平静。 (2)quiet表示“静止的；宁静的；不激动，没有烦恼、忧虑的”，强调没有干扰，没有兴奋活动或闹声的“宁静”或“心神安逸”。
(3)still表示“静止不动的/地”“平静的/地”，突出不发出动作。 (4)silent表示“声音极小的，沉默的，寡言的”。
[应用1] (1)Ask the children to make less noise and keep quiet. (2)Although she was frightened, she answered in a calm voice. (3)John is a silent， thoughtful boy.
(4)Please stand still while I am ready to take the photograph. 2. power/right/strength/force/energy (1)power主要指做事所依靠的能力、功能，也可指人或机器等事物潜在的或发挥出来的力量，还可指职权、权力或政权。 (2)right指“权利”。
(3)strength指固有的潜力。说人时，指“力气”，说物时，指“强度”。
(4)force主要指自然界的力量；暴力、势力以及法律、道德或感情的力量；军事力量等。 (5)energy主要指人的精力或自然界中的能量。
[应用2] (1)You’ll need to apply all your ______ to this job. (2)You have no ______ to treat me like this. (3)Congress has ______ to declare war.
(4)The ______ of the explosion broke all the windows. (5)A washing machine is a saver of time and ________. 3. join in/take part in/attend/join
(1)join in指参加正在进行着的活动，如游戏、讨论、辩论等。也可用 join sb. in doing sth.。 (2)take part in指参加会议或群众性活动，并在其中发挥一定的作用。part 前若有修饰语，要加不定冠词。
(3)attend正式用语，指参加会议、仪式、婚礼、上课、上学、听报告等，重在强调“参与”的动作，不强调参加者的作用。
(4)join指参加某组织或团体，并成为其一员。其宾语往往是 the army/Party/team/club/sb.。 [应用3] (1)Would you ______ us ______ the game?
(2)All the students ______________________ school activities. (3)There are many people __________ the meeting. (4)My brother ______ the army last year. 4．连词＋doing/done [应用4]
(1)Though ______ money, his parents managed to send him to university. A．lacked B．lacking of C．lacking D．lacked in (2)While ______ the book on the top shelf, you need to be very careful. A．to reach B．reaching C．reach D．are reaching
(3)Generally speaking, ______ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. A．when taking B．when taken C．when to take D．when to be taken (4)The research is so designed that once ______ nothing can be done to change it. A．begins B．having begun C．beginning D．begun 高 效 作 业 自我测评·技能备考 Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The snow is very ______(疏松) and there is a lot of air in it. 2．His life is _________(完全地) given up to work. 3．The ___________(幕布) rises and the play begins. 4．That's __________(正是) what I expected.
5．To send me to college, my parents _________(受苦) a lot.
6．Our workmate has been in danger. We're all c_____________ about his health. 7．They come from Germany. They are G____________.
8．On hot summer nights, people like to sit o____________， chatting and enjoying the cool air. 9．I'm g ________________ for your help.
10．Their age is from 13 to 19. They are called t_________________. Ⅱ .单项选择
1．—My children are always arguing. —______
A．Just ignore them. B．That's right.
C．Are you sure? D．How old is the boy?
2．Because he didn't finish the work on time and was fired by the company, he was very ______ about it. A．upset B．worried C．anxious D．nervous 3．Please ______ all the figures to see how much they ______. A．add; add up to B．add up; add up to C．add up; add up D．add; add to
4．Excuse me, can you tell me ______？ A．where the nearest post office is B．how far the Capital Airport was C．how can I get to the station D．where is the station
5．(2010·河北正定中学)All my pockets have been ______ but I can't find my keys. A．got through B．given out C．gone through D．gone down 6．He got ______ while ______ the fire. A．burning; putting out B．burnt; put out C．burning; put out D．burnt; putting out 7．—This is the first time I ______ my first picture with my own hands. —It's time that you ______ a picture for me. A．took; took B．have taken; took C．took; will take D．will take; have taken 8．(2010·甘肃河西五市联考)It was lack of money, not of effort, ______ defeated their plan. A．which B．as C．that D．what
10．______such heavy loss in the hurricane, the farmer didn't expect to have a good harvest. A．Suffering B．Having suffered C．Suffered D．To suffer
11．All these gifts must be mailed immediately ______ in time for Christmas. A．in order to have received B．in order to receive C．so as to be received D．so as to be receiving 12．(2009·浙江卷)______ and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.
A．To be tired B．Tired C．Tiring D．Being tired 13．(2009·全国卷Ⅰ)I tried phoning her office, but I couldn't ______ A．get along B．get on C．get to D．get through 14．(2009·全国卷Ⅰ)Now that we've discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions ______？ A．taking B．take C．taken D．to take
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