2010年专八真题改错部分
So far as we can tell, all human languages are equally
complete and perfect as instruments of communication: that is,
every language appears to be well equipped as any other to say 1________________
the things their speakers want to say. ______________
There may or may not be appropriate to talk about primitive 3________________
peoples or cultures, but that is another matter. Certainly, not all
groups of people are equally competent in nuclear physics or
psychology or the cultivation of rice . Whereas this is not the 4_____________
fault of their language. The Eskimos , it is said, can speak about
snow with further more precision and subtlety than we can in 5______________
2__
English, but this is not because the Eskimo language (one of those
sometimes miscalled 'primitive') is inherently more precise and
subtle than English. This example does not come to light a defect 6______________
in English, a show of unexpected 'primitiveness'. The position is
simply and obviously that the Eskimos and the English live in similar 7____________
environments. The English language will be just as rich in terms 8____________
for different kinds of snow, presumably, if the environments in which
Englishwas habitually used made such distinction as important. 9_____________
Similarly, we have no reason to doubt that the Eskimo language
could be as precise and subtle on the subject of motor manufacture
or cricket if these topics formed the part of the Eskimos' life. 10____________
2010年专八真题改错参考答案以及分词
1 be后插入 as; as…as引导的比较级
2 their改为its; its代替every language
3 There改为It; It此处作为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式
4 Whereas改为But ； 语境需要表示转折的连词，whereas表示对比
5 further 改为much further不能修饰比较级
6 come改为bring; (sth)come to light , bring sth to light
bring to light the defect of English =bring the defect of english to light 揭示英语的缺陷
7 similar改为different; 根据语境应该用different
8 will改为would; 虚拟语气
9 as important去掉as;
10 the part去掉the或者改the为a be/become/form (a) part of 是固定短语
09专八改错原题
The previous section has shown how quickly a rhyme passes
from one school child to the next and illustrates the further difference (1)___________
between school lore and nursery lore. In nursery lore a verse,
learnt in early childhood, is not usually passed on again when the (2)___________
little listener has grown up, and has children of their own, or even (3)____________
grandchildren. The period between learning a nursery rhyme and
transmitting it may be something from twenty to seventy years. With (4)_____________
the playground lore, therefore, a rhyme may be excitedly passed (5)___________
on within the very hour it is learnt; and in the general, it passes (6)_____________
between children of the same age, or nearly so, since it is uncommon
for the difference in age between playmates to be more than five
years. If ,therefore, a playground rhyme can be shown to have been
currently for a hundred years, or even just for fifty, it follows that it (7)__________
has been retransmitted over and over; very possibly it has passed (8)___________
along a chain of two or three hundred young hearers and tellers, and
the wonder is that it remains live after so much handling, (9)____________
to let alone that it bears resemblance to the (10)____________
答案分析：
(1) 指）
the further difference改为a further difference（此次应该用不定冠词表示泛
(2) 改when 为until, 结构not...until翻译为“直到……才”
(3)their改为his（代词与前文a little listener在单复数上保持一致）
(4)something 改为anything 此处指二十到七十的任何时段
(5)therefore改为however （根据上下文逻辑关系）
(6) in the general去掉the （习惯用法in general 表示总的来说，一般不用冠词）
(7) currently 改为current （这里起的是表语的作用，需要形容词而不是副词）
(8) it has passed改为 it has been passed （与分号前的被动保持一致）
(9) live 改为 alive alive翻译为“鲜活的”，一般作补语；live翻译为“现场转播的；活的”，一般作定语
(10) to let alone改为 let alone (let alone 为习惯搭配，意思是“更不用说
2008年专八真题 短文改错
The desire to use language as a sign of national identity is a
very natural one, and in result language has played a prominent ____1____
part in national moves. Men have often felt the need to cultivate ____2____
a given language to show that they are distinctive from another ____
3____
race whose hegemony they resent. At the time the United States ____4____
split off from Britain, for example, there were proposals that
independence should be linguistically accepted by the use of a ____5____
different language from those of Britain. There was even one ____6____
proposal that Americans should adopt Hebrew. Others favoured
the adoption of Greek, though, as one man put it, things would
certainly be simpler for Americans if they stuck on to English ____7____
and made the British learn Greek. At the end, as everyone ____8____
knows, the two countries adopted the practical and satisfactory
solution of carrying with the same language as before. ____9___
_
Since nearly two hundred years now, they have shown the world ____10____
that political independence and national identity can be complete
without sacrificing the enormous mutual advantages of a common language.
2008
1. in result 改成in consequence，
2 moves改成movements.
3 distinctive改成distinct或different
4 在time后加when
5 accepted 改成realized
6 those改成that
7 删除on,
8 At 改成In
9 carrying with 改成 carrying on with
10 now改成 ago
07专八真题 短文改错
From what has been said, it must be clear that no one can
make very positive statements about how language originated.
There is no material in any language today and in the earliest 1__________
records of ancient languages show us language in a new and 2__________
emerging state. It is often said, of course, that the language 3_________
originated in cries of anger, fear, pain and pleasure, and the 4__________
necessary evidence is entirely lacking: there are no remote
tribes, no ancient records, providing evidence of
a language with a large proportion of such cries 5__________
than we find in English. It is true that the absence
of such evidence does not disprove the theory, but in 6__________
other grounds too the theory is not very attractive.
People of all races and languages make rather similar
noises in return to pain or pleasure. The fact that 7___________
such noises are similar on the lips of Frenchmen
and Malaysians whose languages are utterly different,
serves to emphasize on the fundamental difference 8_between these noises and language proper. We may
say that the cries of pain or chortles of amusement
are largely reflex actions, instinctive to large extent, 9____________
whereas language proper does not consist of signs
__________
but of these that have to be learnt and that are 10___________
wholly conventional
1, 改and为or, any languagages today or recordsof ancient languages 是并列成分，在否定句中用or
2, 改show为showing, 现在分词作定语
3， 删除the, 表示泛指
4， 改and为but, 根据语境此处是转折
5，改 large为larger, 后面有than, 应该用比较级
6， 改in为on, on other grounds “ 基于其它理由”，为固定搭配
7，改return为response , in response to “对……作出反应”
8，删除on, emphasize sth emphasize是及物动词
9，在large前加a, extent 是可数名词，前面要加冠词。 \"to a large extent\"翻译为“在很大程度上”
10，改 these为 those those that/who为固定形式
2006专八短文改错
We use language primarily as a means of communication with
other human beings. Each of us shares with the community in which we
live a store of words and meanings as well as agreeing conventions as 1_______
to the way in which words should be arranged to convey a particular 2_______
message: the English speaker has in his disposal vocabulary and a 3_______
set of grammatical rules which enables him to communicate his 4_______
thoughts and feelings, in a variety of styles, to the other English 5_______
speakers. His vocabulary, in particular, both that which he uses active-
ly and that which he recognises, increases in size as he grows
old as a result of education and experience. 6____
_____
But, whether the language store is relatively small or large, the system
remains no more than a psychological reality for the individual, unless
he has a means of expressing it in terms able to be seen by another ________
member of his linguistic community; he bas to give the system a
concrete transmission form. We take it for granted the two most ___________
common forms of transmission-by means of sounds produced by our
vocal organs (speech) or by visual signs (writing). And these are ___________
among most striking of human achievements. ___________
1, 改agreeing为agreed agreed conventions翻译为“习俗”
2，words前加the, 此处为特指
7_ 8_ 9__ 10_
3，改in为at at one‟s disposal为固定短语，翻译为“由某人做主”
4， 改enables为enable，定语从句与先行词
vocabulary and a set of grammatical rules保持一致
5，删除the, 此处需要泛指
6，改 old为older, 此处需要比较级
7， 改seen为understood，system应该是被理解
8．， 删除it take sth for granted take it for granted that…
9, 改 or为and ,语境需要并列关系而不需选择关系
10， most前加the, 形容词最高级中that一般不能省略
2005年专八真题短文改错
The University as Busines
A number of colleges and universities have announced steep tuition increases for next year much steeper than the current,
very low rate of inflation. They say the increases are needed because
of a loss in value of university endowments heavily investing in common 1 ________
stock. I am skeptical. A business firm chooses the price that maximizes
its net revenues, irrespective fluctuations in income; and increasingly the 2 _________
outlook of universities in the United States is indistinguishable from those of 3 ___________ business firms. The rise in tuitions may reflect the fact economic uncertainty 4__________ increases the demand for education. The biggest cost of being
in the school is foregoing income from a job (this is primarily a factor in 5 __________
graduate and professional-school tuition); the poor one's job prospects, 6 ___________ the more sense it makes to reallocate time from the job market to education,
in order to make oneself more marketable.
The ways which universities make themselves attractive to students 7 ___________ include soft majors, student evaluations of teachers, giving students
a governance role, and eliminate required courses. 8 _________
Sky-high tuitions have caused universities to regard their students as
customers. Just as business firms sometimes collude to shorten the 9 ___________ rigors of competition, universities collude to minimize the cost to them of the athletes whom they recruit in order to stimulate alumni donations, so the best athletes now often bypass higher education in order to obtain salaries earlier from professional teams. And until they were stopped by the antitrust authorities, the Ivy League schools colluded to limit competition for the best students, by agreeing not to award scholarships on the basis of merit rather than purely
of need-just like business firms agreeing not to give discounts on their best 10 ____________ customer
1. investing应改为invested，过去分词作定语 2. 在irrespective和fluctuations之间加上介词of。irrespectiveOf是一固定用法，意指“不论，不管，不顾，”等，此处指公司不顾收入的波动变化。
3. 把those改为that， that此处代替outlook
4．在fact和economic之间力口上关系代词that。这是一个同位语从语，that在同位语从句中是不能省略的.
5．把定冠词the去掉, in school表示上学这个抽象意义
6．把形容词poor改为其比较级poorer。这句中的poor与后面的more形成一对比较关系，表示“越……越……”
7．在ways和which之间加上一个介词in。 8．这里应该用动词的—lng形式，即eliminating，以便使句型结构与前面的giving(students a governance role)保持一致，否则句子结构和意思都显得不正确。
9．将shorten(缩短；使变短)改为reduce/lesson/weaken。此处属于用词不当。
10．将to give discounts on改为to give discounts to their best customer。意为实业公司给最好的客户提供优惠。 Give discounts to sb为固定短语
2004
1.,在set 后加up, set up“建立、成立”是固定短语
2.答案：consisted → consisting/composed
3.答案：in → on
【详细解答】固定搭配on ...occasions
4.答案 rely后加on
【详细解答】固定搭配rely on sb. to do something
5.答案：make out → make 【详细解答】make out 意思是“辨认出”，而此处意思是“对...做详细的研究”，故用“make detailed studies of...” 即可。
6.答案：its → their
【详细解答】此处指代的是“investigations”, 故用复数。
7.答案： public → the public
【详细解答】the +adj. 可表示某一类人，此处意思是“面向公众”，故应用“the public”。
8.答案：nevertheless → therefore/ thus
【详细解答】此处不是表示意思的转折，而是与前文构成因果关系，故可改为therefore 或thus。
9.答案：interests → interest
【详细解答】 此处看成不可数名词为佳
10.答案：these → those
【详细解答】those 指代witnesses , 即指代名词复数做定语从句的先行词，而these
不行
2003改错
Demographic indicators show that Americans in the postwar
period were more eager than ever to establish families. They quickly brought down the age at marriage for both men and women and brought
the birth rate to a twentieth century height after more than a hundred (1)__
years of a steady decline, producing the “baby boom.” These young (2)__
adults established a trend of early marriage and relatively large
families that went for more than two decades and caused a major (3)__
but temporary reversal of long-term demographic patterns. From
the 1940s through the early 1960s, Americans married at a high rate (4)__
and at a younger age than their Europe counterparts.
(5)__
Less noted but equally more significant, the men and women who (6)__
formed families between 1940 and 1960 nevertheless reduced the (7)__
divorce rate after a postwar peak; their marriages remained intact to
a greater extent than did that of couples who married in earlier as well (8)__
as later decades. Since the United States maintained its dubious (9)__
distinction of having the highest divorce rate in the world, the
temporary decline in divorce did not occur in the same extent in (10)__ Europe. Contrary to fears of the experts, the role of breadwinner and homemaker was not abandoned
1. 答案： height→high， high 作为名词翻译为“最高水平”，又如reach an all-time high
2． 答案：删除a
【详细解答】 此处steady decline指稳定下降的行为、过程而不是其结果，为不可数名词，故应去掉定冠词a。
3． 答案：went后加on
【详细解答】 go on为固定搭配，意为“持续”。
4． 答案：high→higher
【详细解答】 后面有than，此处应为比较级。
5． 答案：Europe→European
【详细解答】 根据上下文，此处应用形容词作定语修饰名词counterparts。
6． 答案： more
【详细解答】 由上下文可知，more与equally矛盾，故应去掉。
7． 答案：nevertheless→also
【详细解答】 由上下文可知，此处讲的内容与前部分内容之间为递进关系，而非转折关系。
8． 答案： that→those
【详细解答】 由上下文可知，此处所指代的应为前面复数形式的marriages，故指示代词也应该用复数形式。
9． 答案： Since→Although（或While）
【详细解答】 从逻辑上讲，此处应表达让步关系，而非因果关系。
10． 答案：in→to 【详细解答】 to．．．extent为固定搭配，意为“到……程度”
2002改错
There are great impediments to the general use of a standard in pronunciation comparable to that existing in spelling (orthography). One is the fact that
pronunciation is learnt„naturally‟ and unconsciously, and orthography is learnt 1._____
deliberately and consciously. Large numbers of us, in fact, remain
throughout our lives quite unconscious with what our speech sounds 2______
like when we speak out, and it often comes as a shock when 3______
we firstly hear a recording of ourselves. It is not a voice we recognize at o
nce, 4_______
whereas our own handwriting is something which we almost always know. 5_____
We begin the „natural‟ learning of pronunciation long before we start learning
to read or write, and in our early years we went on unconsciously 6.___
imitating and practicing the pronunciation of those around us
for many more hours per every day than we ever have to spend 7.___
learning even our difficult English spelling. This is „natural‟, 8.___
therefore, that our speech-sounds should be those of our immediate circle;
after all, as we have seen, speech operates as a means of holding a community 9.___
and giving a sense of'belonging'. We learn quite early to recognize a „stranger‟,someone who speaks with an accent of a different community-perhaps only
a few miles far. 10
2001
1.答案： as→so
此处不是比较，so 翻译为“如此”
2.答案：increasing→increasingly
【详细解答】 increasing可用来修饰名词，表示“正在增加”，修饰名词topic不合题意。本 句中应该用副词作状语修饰形容词favorite，所以应该改用副词increasingly。
3.答案：so→but
【详细解答】根据上下文判断，小麦价格在秋天不断下降，但是农民不能等着市场提升价格。 这里应该是转折关系，而不是因果关系。
4.答案：soon或shortly
【详细解答】要表达“不久以后”，要么用soon after，要么用shortly after，就是没有soo n shortly after这种搭配。
5.答案：rich→richer
【详细解答】根据上下文，这里是说由于价格上涨，投机商们变得更加富有，故应该改用形容 词的比较级形式。
6.答案：asked后加for
【详细解答】ask for为固定搭配，意为“要求，请求”。
7.答案：involving→involved
【详细解答】be involved in为一固定搭配，意为“被卷入…”，这里的be为连系动词，可用 become替换。
8.答案：1ife→living
【详细解答】根据上下文，这里要表达的意思是“生活费用”，应为living costs。life则意 为“生命”，不能修饰costs
9.答案：删除with
【详细解答】handle为及物动词，应直接带宾语。
10.答案：total→full
【详细解答】total意为“总体的，全体的”，指一种整体的概念。而这里要表达的是“全部 的权威”，英语中常用full authority。
2000
1.答案： 删除seem后的the
【详细解答】本句中的most为副词，不是最高级形式，故不用定冠词the。翻译为“极其”
2.答案：but→and
【详细解答】根据文章内容判断，but后面的陈述与前文并不是相反之意，而是并列关系。
3.答案：in→to
【详细解答】as opposed to为固定搭配，意为“与……对照，与……相比”。
4.答案：misled→misleading 【详细解答】根据句意，这里的方式（way）是对他人有误导，不是被他人误导。所以应该用m islead的现在分词表示主动的含义。
5.答案：away
【详细解答】far away from意为“距离某处很远”，而far from being则意为“远不是，远 够不上”。根据上下文，这里是说“远非毫无意义”，故应该用短语far from being。
6.答案：single→only
【详细解答】此处用only修饰vehicle比用single更符合习惯用法。
7.答案：as→in
【详细解答】本句中的介词in表示“在……方面”，as则无此意。
8.答案：mean→means
【详细解答】by no means为固定搭配，意为“丝毫不，绝不”。
9.答案：have后加such
【详细解答】such … as是常见表达方式，用来举例说明。
10.答案：number改为deal/amount
1999年
The hunter-gatherer tribes that today live as our prehistoric 1.______
human ancestors consume primarily a vegetable diet supplementing 2.___
__
with animal foods. An analysis of 58 societies of modem hunter- gatherers, including the Kung of southern Africa, revealed that one half emphasize gathering plant foods, one-third concentrate on fishing and only one-sixth are primarily hunters. Overall, two-thirds
and more of the hunter-gatherer‟s calories come from plants. Detailed 3.______
studies of the Kung by the food scientists at the University of
London, showed that gathering is a more productive source of food
than is hunting. An hour of hunting yields in average about 100 4.______
edible calories, as an hour of gathering produces 240. 5.______
Plant foods provide for 60 percent to 80 percent of the Kung 6._______
diet, and no one goes hungry when the hunt fails. Interestingly, if they escape fatal infections or accidents, these contemporary
aborigines live to old ages despite of the absence of medical care. 7._______
They experience no obesity, no middle-aged spread, little dental decay, no high blood pressure, on heart disease, and their blood
cholesterol levels are very low( about half of the average American 8._______
adult), if no one is suggesting what we return to an aboriginal life 9.________
style, we certainly could use their eating habits as a model for 10.________ healthier diet.
1. 答案：as → like
2. 答案：supplementing → supplemented
3. 答案：and → or
4. 答案：in → on
5. 答案：as → while / whereas
6. 答案：删去 for，或改成about
7. 答案：删去第一个of
8. 答案：half ∧→ that
9. 答案：if → While / Although / Though
10. 答案：for ∧→ a
1998
hen a human infant is born into any community in any part of the world it has two things in common with any infant, provided (1)_____
neither of them have been damaged in any way either before (2)_____ or during birth. Firstly, and most obviously, new born children are completely helpless. Apart from a powerful capacity to pay attention to their helplessness lay using sound, there is nothing (3)_____
the new born child can do to ensure his own survival. Without care from some other human being or beings, be it mother,
grandmother, or human group, a child is very unlikely to survive. This helplessness of human infants is in marked contrast with the capacity of many new born animals to get on their feet (4)______
within minutes of birth and run with the herd within a few hours. Although young animals are certainly in risk, sometimes (5)______
for weeks or even months after birth, compared with the human
infant they very quickly develop the capacity to fend for them. (6)______ It is during this very long period in which the human infant
is totally dependent on the others that it reveals the second feature (7) ______
which it shares with all other undamaged human infants, a
capacity to learn language. For this reason, biologists now suggest
that language be \"species specific\" to the human race, that is (8) ______
to say, they consider the human infant to be genetic programmed (9) ______
in such way that it can acquire language. This suggestion implies (10) that just as human beings are designed to see three-dimensionally and in colour, and just as they are designed to stand upright rather than to move on all fours, so they are designed to learn and use language as part of their normal developments as well-formed human beings
1.在any后加other
2.把have改为has
3.把pay改为draw或call
4.把of改为after
5.把in改为 at
6.把them改为themselves
7.把the去掉
8.把be改为is
9.把genetic改为genetically
10.在such后加a
1997
Classic Intention Movement
In social situations, the classic Intention Movement is \"the chair-grasp\". Host and guest have been talking for some time, but now the host has an appointment to keep
and can get away. His urge to go is 1______
held in check by his desire not be rude to his guest. 2______
If he did not care of his guest's feelings he would 3______
simply get up out of his chair and to announce his4______
departure. This is what his body wants to do, therefore5______
his politeness glues his body to the chair and refuses to let him raise. It is at this point that he 6______
performs the chair-grasp Intention Movement. He continues to talk to the guest and listen to him, but leans forward and grasps the arms of the chair as about to push 7______
himself upwards. This is the first act he would make if he were rising. If he were not hesitating,8______
it would only last a fraction of the second. He would 9______
lean, push, rise, and be up. But now, instead, it lasts much longer. He holds his \"readiness-to-rise\" post and 10______
keeps on holding it. It is as if his body had frozen at the get-ready moment.
1.答案：can →must
【详细解答】根据上下文，短文第一句指出了“抓板凳”是典型的意图性动作。第二句就来解释这个动作发生的情景，即主客谈了许久后，主人有个约会，必须离开去赴约。这里要表示一种主动愿望“必须，不得不”的意思，而不是能力。所以应将can改为must。
2.答案：not∧→to。
【详细解答】本题属动词不定式否定形式的误用。one‟s desire to do sth．为固定搭配，意 为“去做……的欲望，想去做……”，其否定形式是在to前面加not，即one‟s desire not to do sth．意为“不愿去做……”。
3.答案：of→about【详细解答】本句是说“如果他不在意客人的感受，他就会从座位上站起来，说他要离开”，这里要表达“对……在意，在乎”，故应该用care about这一固定搭配，而care for意为“喜欢，爱好；照顾”，不合题意。
4.答案：to
【详细解答】本句中的get up out of his chair(从板凳上站起来)和announce his departure (说他要离开)是两个衔接很紧的动作，共用助动词would，所以应将to删掉。
5.答案：therefore→but
【详细解答】根据上下文，本句的前后两部分之间是转折关系。而therefore意为“因此”，表示因果关系，因此应改用转折连词but。
6.答案：raise→rise。【详细解答】raise为及物动词，意为“使升高，提升；抚养，
养育”，其后必须接宾语。而本句中的动词raise后无宾语，所以应改为rise。rise为不及物动词，意为“起身”。
7.答案：as∧→if或though
【详细解答】本句意为“身体向前，抓住椅子的扶手，就好像要把自己支撑起来一样”。而连词as不能表达“仿佛，好像”的意思，只有把它改成as if／though才合乎题意。
8.答案：make→perform或do 【详细解答】文中要表达的意思是“他将首先做出的动作。”只有perform／do an action表示“做动作”，而没有make an act这一表达方式。
9.答案：the→a 【详细解答】定冠词the表特指，不定冠词a／an表泛指。这里是说“如果他不迟疑，动作只会花不到一秒的时间”，是泛指任何一秒，而不是特指某一秒，所以应该用不定冠词。
10.答案：post→posture【详细解答】post意为“柱杆；邮件；职位，岗位”等；posture意为“姿势，举止；态度”。这里是说“他保持着„随时起身‟的姿势”，所以应用posture合乎题意
1996
The second most important constituent of the biosphere is liquid water. This can only exist in a very narrow range of temperatures, since water freezes at 0°C and boils at 100°C . This is only a tiny range compared with the low temperatures of some other planets and the hot interior of the earth, let the temperatures
(1) of the sun.
As we know, life would only be possible on the face of a (2)
planet had temperatures somewhere within this range. (3)
The earth's supply of water probably remains quite fairly (4)
constant in quantity. A certain number of hydrogen atoms, which are one of the main constituents of water, are lost by escaping from the
atmosphere to out space, but they are probably just (5)
about replaced by new water rising away from the depths of the (6)
earth during volcanic action. The total quantity of water is not known,
and it is about enough to cover the surface of the globe (7)
to a depth of about two and three-quarter kms. Most of it -97% - is in the form of the salt waters of the oceans. The rest is fresh,
but three quarter of this is in the form of ice at the Poles (8)
and on mountains, and cannot be used by living systems when (9)
melted. Of the remaining fraction, which is somewhat fewer than (10) 1% of the whole, there is 10—20 times as much stored as underground water as is actually on the surface. There is also a minor, but extremely important, fraction of the water supply which is present as water vapor in the atmosphere.
1．1et ^ → alone 2．face → surface 3．planet ^ → that／which 4．quite或fairly 5．out → outer 6．away 7．and → but
8．quarter → quarters 9．when → until／unless 10．fewer → less
1995
There are far too many road accidents in this country
，
too many deaths and too many people injured。 One wonders who are most to blame，
drivers and pedestrians
__1__ Some people say that the blame cannot be put fairly with
。
95年【答案】
1。and—or。根据上下文One wonders who are most to blame这一疑问，drivers和pedestrians其中之一需负责任
2。 with—without。without引导一个条件状语从句：“如果不考虑路况和整个交通体系的话” 3。 在London前加as。such„„as结构
4。sufficiency—deficiencies。deficiencies意义为一些“不足，缺陷”，下文列举的too many road signs， faulty traffic lights， suddenly narrowing of the streets， congested parking都是路况的不足和缺陷
5。 convincing—convinced。下文that从句后列举司机和行人种种的考试大违规的行
为
不
得
不
使
人
信
服
（
convinced
）
the larger part of the blame for the death toll must be put on persons alone
6。 as—even或删除as。as though引导条件状语从句；even though引导让步状语从句，意义为“即使”，此处是“有些司机即使喝了很多酒，他们仍然认为自己能够把握住方向盘”
7 去掉is或在is前加it。根据语法规则，考试大有些表示时间地点条件方式或让步状语从句，如果谓语包含有动词be，主语又和主语的主语一致，那么常常可以把从句中的主语和谓语部分，特别是动词be省略掉
8。 for—against。步行者应该承担责任的原因之一为交通信号灯不让他们穿越马路时他们却穿马路了 9。 jump—jumping。jumping与上文的stepping off，crossing 并列和一致，应该用动名词 10。 more—less。从上下文逻辑和意义判断
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