2020届高三上学期英语开学摸底试卷
一、Grammar and Vocabulary
1. Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanksto make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a givenword, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.
To have a fruitful discussion, teachers need to decide what seatingarrangement is best for their own class and be prepared to experiment with differentmethods.________method is adopted, it should help and be productiveof dialogue between children as well as between teacher and child. Within
the
physicalsetting,
children
and
teachers
should
agree
________adiscussion takes place.
Why are rules necessary for discussion? This may be a questionto ask the children. If children are given freedom to talk, why are there rulesthat will restrict that freedom? The golden rule is of course that one’s own freedom________notinterfere with the freedom of others. Individuals within a democratic communityhave equal rights. A child who talks all the time ________the rights of others to be heard. Each person should be allowed an equal chanceto speak and to put forward their own point of view and if we wish ________ to, then we should listen to others. There is no pointgiving a point of view ________someoneis listening.________ofus are capable of listening to
more than one person at a time, so another basicrule should be: only one person to speak at a time. Listening implies not only hearingthe words but paying attention to the meaning of ________isbeing said. This is not a natural thing for children to do. School is typicallya place where children learn to listen to the teacher but not to each other. Theskills of listening need to be practiced. The ideal discussion,________everyonelistens to the speaker and then each is allowed to reply, is rare among adults,let alone children. It works ________when certain ground-rules for discussion are followed.
2. Directions: Complete the passage with the words in the box. Eachword can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. officially B. accessible C. fingertips D. afford E. purest F. secure G. display H. partnerless I. matched J. blankest K. historically
Most peopleget sweaty palms just staring at EI Capitan, a breathtaking rock formation i YosemiteNational Park, California. Alex Honnold’s stayed dry. And this June, he managedto climb the 900-meter vertical wall, pulling on edges barely big enough for ________.
Honnold couldnot ________any slips. That’s because he carried nothing otherthan a bag of gymnasts’ chalk, to keep his fingers free of moisture. There was norope to ________him if he fell. After a four-hour________of power and precision, the 31-year-old safelychallenged himself.
EI Capitanhad been climbed ________before, including by Honnold, but never in theway he has. In 2011, an American TV show about his earlier “free solos” drew seventeenmillion viewers. In climbing, “free” means using
nothing but rocks forsupport. “Solo” means free of protection. It is the sport at its ________. In Yosemite, the birthplaceof American climbing, Hannold has reached its peak. Praise from fellow climberswas ________only by relief at his safe return.
The achievementmarks the latest in a series of milestones for sport climbing . In 2015, two other American Tommy Caldwell and Kevin Jorgeson, establisheda route up the Dawn Wall, EI Capitan’s ________part, after years of attempts.They made the front page of the New York Times and got congratulations from BarackObama for the achievement. Last year, sport climbing was ________accepted into the Olympic program for Tokyo 2020.
These havestrengthened climbing’s position in the sporting circle in America and elsewhere.Google has invited Jorgeson to give a motivational talk to its employees. Climbinggyms have appeared around the globe over the past decade, making the event saferand more ________to ordinary people. The gymshave been popular among youngsters, who pay more attentions to exercises than tobelongings.二、Reading Comprehension
3. Directions: For each blank in the followingpassage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blankwith the word of phrase that best fits the context.
There was once a timethat I would only do what I knew was comfortable for me. Stuck in a continuouscycle of repetitive choices, I knew what was1when it came to makingdecisions. I knew what wouldn’t 2me too much, what would meglued to the floor of where I already was3little did I realize at the
time that this wasnot the right path for me.
After living the sametype of life for so long I decided bat there was more for me. Although it wasuncomfortable at first, I pushed myself to get4in things that I wouldn’t normally do, Idecided to open up and talk to other people that I didn’t think I would havethe5to show my face to, and I started to sharemore about myself with others that already knew me. By doing these things, I 6to find more parts of life to open myself upto.
A quote said “Lifebegins at the end of your comfort zone.” Reading the quote made me realizethat I was stuck in a life that wasn’t truly mine. I was bound by chains thatmade me 7to experience life, so I always keep it as areminder to myself to go beyond my8.
There are a few ways youcan begin to push past your comfort zone. First, make a bucket list. All youneed to do is write down a list of things that you want to 9in your lifetime, but make sure you do them. Abucket list isn’t useful unless you are 10going to try and achieve it.
Secondly, if you want,ask someone to tag along . If you have a friend who is also interested inexperiencing more of their life then you can join 11and work together. That way, you can push eachother to actually go out and experience.
Finally, 12yourself. Make yourself a promise that if youcheck something off your bucket list then you will do something nice foryourself. Maybe you have always been interested in bungee jumping, but havebeen toe afraid. Put it on the list and promise yourself a shopping trip oranything else to 13yourself
into doing it.
Life is about 14it up with as many experiences as possible, sodon’t miss out on an amazing opportunity to 15yourself or lean something valuable.
（1）A . safeB . sensitiveC . alternativeD . greedy（2）A . temptB . excludeC . scareD . impose（3）A . ThereforeB . OtherwiseC . MoreoverD . However（4）A . absorbedB . participatedC . canD . involved（5）A . confidenceB . benefitC . burdenD . passion（6）A . claimedB . strivedC . hesitatedD . pretended（7）A . excitedB . curiousC . flexibleD . afraid（8）A . imaginationB . controlC . limitsD . expectation（9）A . accomplishB . combineC . cultivateD . ensure（10）A . accidentallyB . desperatelyC . actuallyD . consequently（11）A . ideasB . forcesC . factorsD . effects（12）A . behaveB . engageC . treatD . help（13）A . bribeB . trapC . cheatD . shape（14）A . makingB . takingC . pillingD . filling（15）A . satisfyB . relaxC . identifyD . better三、阅读理解
4. Directions: Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For eachof them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits bestaccording to the information given in the passage you have just read.
Notices have been put up here and there in thevillage for the last fortnight announcing a meeting to discuss the yearly FlowerShow, which has not been held in Fairacre for a number of years. Before I becamethe village schoolmistress here, the Flower Show appears to have been an event ofsome importance and people came from miles around to enjoy a day at Fairacre.
I decided to go to the meeting, as the childrenin my school, I knew, used
to play quite a large part in this village excitementand there were a number of special competitions, such as collecting wild flowers,making dolls’ house decorations or little gardens and so on, included in the program.
It was a freezing, starlit night. By the time Iarrived at the Village hall, there were about ten people already there. The doctorwas chairman of the meeting. A few men were warming their hand over the rather smokyoil stove, which was trying, somewhat inefficiently, to warm the room. The meetingwas called for seven thirty---a most inconvenient time in my private opinion asit successfully upsets the evening and puts back the time of one’s evening meal.By a quarter to eight only fifteen people had arrived.
“I think we must begin,” the doctorsaid, turning his gentle smile upon us. He gave a short speech about the pastglories of Fairarce’s Flower Show and his hopes that it might take place again.”Perhaps someone would put forward the suggestion that the Flower Show berestarted?” he suggested. There was a heavy silence, broken only by themovement of feet from the bench at the back. All fifteen of us, I noticed, weremiddle-aged. John Pringle, Mrs. Pringle’s only child, must have been theyoungest among us and he is a man of nearly thirty. It was John who, at last,shyly answered the doctor’s request.
“I’ll do it,” he said. “Proposewe have a Flower Show then.” He sat down, pink and self-conscious, and thedoctor thanked him sincerely. “Is there anybody else who agrees with thisproposal?” Again that painful silence. It seemed as though we sat in adream.
“I’ll do it,” I said, when I couldstand the waiting no longer. “Good! Good!” said the doctorcheerfully. “Let’s take a vote here then.” All fifteen raised theirhands doubtfully. To look at our faces an outsider might reasonably havethought we were having the choice of hanging or the electric chair.
（1）What is the purpose of the meeting?
A . To make arrangements for the next Flower Show.B . To get people’s ideas about the next Flower Show.C . To decide whether a Flower Show would be held again.D . To find out whether people would help with the Flower Show.
（2）What was the reason for the author’s attendance?
A . The school children has always taken part in the Flower Show.B . She wanted to find out what the children could do to help.C . She wanted to know what special lessons to give the children.D . The school children might do more work in the school garden.
（3）Why did the author declare her support for Mr. Pringle’s proposal? A . It had become fairly clear that nobody else would.B . She was in hurry to go home.C . She was the only one really interested in the matter.D . She felt sorry for the doctor.
5. 阅读理解 Mapping Antarctica
Antarctica was on the map long before anyone everlaid eyes on it. Nearly 2,400 years ago, ancient Greek philosophers such as Aristotlebelieved that a great continent must exist at the bottom of the world. They thoughit was needed to balance out the continents at the top of the world. In the
1500s,mapmakers often included a fanciful continent they referred to as Terra Incognita at the bottom of their maps. But it was notuntil the 1800s —after explorers had sighted and set foot on Antarctica——that mapmakers got down to the business of really mapping the continent,which is one-and-a –half times rhe size of the U.S.
While the coastline could be mapped by ships sailingaround the continent, it took airplanes-and later, satellites-to chart Antarctica’svast interior . That job continues today.And it is a job that still require a mapmaker, or cartographer, to put on bootsand head out into the wild.
Cole Kelleher is familiar with that. He is a cartographerwith the Polar Geospatial Center , which is based at the University of Minnesotaand has a staff at McMurdo Station. PGC teamed up with Google to use the company’sTrekker technology to capture images of Antarctica for the Internet giant’s popularfeature, Street View. A Trekker camera, which is the size of a basketball, is setabout two feet above a backpack. The camera records image in all directions. “Itweighs about 50 pounds. I was out for two and a half days, hiking 10 to 12 hourseach day,” says Kelleher. It was hard work, but really an incredible experience.”According to Kelleher there are plans to use the technology to create educationalapps for museums.
The PGC staff at McMurdo Station provides highlyspecialized mapmaking services for the U.S. Antarctic Program. For one project,Kelleher used satellite images to map huge cracks in the ice. That helped a teamof researchers know whether they could safely approach their field camp on snowmobiles.Another
recent project was to help recover a giant, high—tech helium balloon used to carry scientific instruments high into the atmosphere.These balloons are launched in Antarctica because there is no danger that they willhurt anyone when they fall back down to Earth. Using satellite images, Kelleherand colleagues created maps of where the balloon could be found.
Antarctica may no longer be Terra Incognita, butit still holds countless mysteries. Cartographers and the maps they make will continueto be essential in helping scientists unlock those secrets.
（1）From the passage, we can infer that Antarctica was on the map in the 1500s when .
A . mapmakers knew it was much larger than the U.S.B . Aristotle named the continent Terra IncognitaC . no one had ever seen or been to the continentD . it was such an interesting continent as was often referred to
（2）Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A . It needs much work for the mapmakers to head out into the wild.B . The interior can only be mapped by planes and satellites.C . It is relatively easy to map Antarctica’s coastline by ship.D . Antarctic is a vast but still mysterious continent.
（3）The Polar Geospatial Center works with Google initially .
A . to capture images of Antarctica for Street ViewB . to test the company’s Trekker technologyC . to create educational apps for museumsD . to hike for an incredible experience
（4）The fourth paragraph mainly talks about .
A . satellite images which are used to map huge cracks in the iceB . a high-tech helium balloon for carrying scientific instrumentsC . how to safely approach the researcher’s field camp and the balloonD . the specialized mapmaking services provided by the PGC staff
6. 阅读理解
A therapy-animal trend attracts the United States.The San Francisco airport uses a pig to calm tired travelers. Universities nationwidebring dogs onto campus to relieve students during finals. And thatduck on a plane? It might be an emotional-support animal prescribed by a mentalhealth professional.
The trend, which has been gaining popularityhugely since its initial stirrings a few decades ago, is strengthened by a widespreadbelief that interaction with animals can reduce distress whether it happens overbelief physical contact at the airport or in long-term relationships at home. Certainlythe groups offering up pets think so, as do some mental health professionals. Butthe popular embrace of pets as furry therapists is causing growing discomfort amongsome researchers in the field, who say it has raced far ahead of scientific evidence.
Earlier this year in the Journal of AppliedDevelopment Science, an introduction to articles on “animal -assistedintervention” said research into its effectiveness “remains in itsinfancy.” A recent literature review by Molly Crossman, a Yale Universitydoctoral candidate who recently wrapped up one
study involving an 8-year-olddog named Pardner, cited a “vague body of evidence” that sometimeshas shown positive short-term effects, often found no effect and occasionallyidentified higher rates of distress.
Overall,
Crossman
wrote,
animals
seem
to
behelpful
in
a
“small-to-medium” way, but it’s unclear whether theanimals deserve the credit or something else is at play.
“It’s a field that has been sort ofcarried forward by the beliefs of practitioners” who have seen patients’mental health improve after working with or adopting animals, said JamesSerpell, director of the Centre for the Interaction of Animals and Society atthe University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine. “That kind ofthing has almost driven the field, and the research is playing catch-up. Inother words, people are recognizing that stories aren’t enough.”
Using animals in mental health setting isnothing new. In the 17th century, a Quaker-run retreat in Englandencouraged mentally ill patients to interact with animals on its grounds.Sigmund Freud often included one of his dogs in psychoanalysis sessions. Yetthe subject did not become a research target until the American psychologistBoris Levinson began writing in the 1960s about the positive effect his dogJingles had on patients.
But the evidence to date is problematic,according to Crossman’s review and others before it. Most studies had smallsample sizes, she wrote, and an “alarming numbers” did not controlfor other possible reasons for a changed stress level, such as interaction withanimal’s human handler. Studies also tend
to generalize across animals, shenoted. If participants are measurably relieved by one golden retriever, thatdoesn’t mean another dog---or another species--will arouse the same response.
（1）According to the passage, what makes the therapy-animal trend more popular?
A . It has been in existence for no less than twenty years.B . Mental health professionals have managed to cure patients with animals.C . It is widely assumed that staying with animals can make people happier.D . There is much related research to show that animals do good to some patients.
（2）Molly Crossman is quoted in the passage to
A . illustrate more scientific evidence is needed that animals are effective therapists.B . highlight the importance of practitioners’ beliefs in the field of animal therapies.C . question Srepell’s view that animals deserve the credit in helping patients.D . criticize people for their taking human-animal stories too seriously.
（3）What can be inferred from the passage?
A . Animal-assisted intervention turns out to be of more use than people think.B . It is hard to see how many reasons there are for people to benefit from animals.C . Research findings relating to one breed of dogs may not apply to another breed.D . Small sample sizes can sometimes produce reliable effects in human-animal studies
（4）Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A . More evidence found for dog-human relationshipB . Potential effects
dogs have on patientsC . Therapeutic animal: nothing newD . Good dog, good therapist?
四、任务型阅读
7. Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank witha proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note thatthere are two more sentences than you need.
Acid rainis now a familiar problem in the industrialized countries in Europe. Harmful gaseslike Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide are produced by power stations and cars.________
Acid rainis also capable of dissolving some rocks and buildings made of soft rock, such aslimestone, are particularly badly affected. The acid rain attacks the rock, andso carvings and statues are worn away more quickly.
________According to a report in theScientist, acid rain is being blamed for the rapid decay of ancient ruins Mexico.The old limestone buildings in places like Chichen Itza, Tulum and Palenque arewearing away very quickly indeed. These sites are the remains of the buildings builtby the Mayas between 250 BC and AD900, and the spectacular ruins of civilizationare visited by thousands of tourists every year.
The acid rainis said to be caused by pollution from oil wells in the Gulf of Mexico. Car exhaustgases are also a problem. Local volcanic eruption make the problem even worse. Nevertheless,with enough money and effort, researchers say that many of the problems could besolved and the rate of dissolving reduced. ________
Mexico’s currentlack of funds is also partly due to oil. The country has rich oil field and a fewyears ago, when oil was expensive, Mexico was selling large quantities of oil tothe USA and earning a lot of money. The government was therefore able to borrowhuge sums of money from banks around the world, thinking they would have no problemrepaying their debts. However, the price of oil then dropped, and Mexico has beenleft owing enormous sums of money and with not enough income from oil sales to payback the loans. ________
A. However, the Mexican governmentdoes not have enough money to do the work, and needs to spend what money it hason the Mexican people.
B. That is enough to have causedsome of the ancient carvings to become seriously damaged already.
C. So unless the price of rises,it is unlikely that Mexican will be able to afford to clean up the pollution andsave its Mayan ruins from destruction.
D. These measures would reducethe pollution, but would not stop it completely.
E. The problem, however, is nota European one.
F. They dissolve in rainwater andthis makes acid rain, which damages trees, rivers and streams.
五、Summary Writing
8. Directions: Read the followingpassage. Summarize the main idea and the main point of the passage in no morethan 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Ellie is a psychologist,and a good one at that. Smile in a certain way, and she knows precisely what yoursmile means. She listens to what you say, processes every word, works out the meaningof your pitch, your tone, your posture, everything. She is at the top of her gamebut, according to a new study, her greatest advantage is that she is not human.
When faced with tough orpotentially embarrassing questions, people often do not tell doctors what they needto hear. Yet the researchers behind Ellie, led by Jonathan Gratch at the Institutefor Creative Technologies, in Los Angeles, suspected from their years of monitoringhuman interactions with computers that people might be more willing to talk if presentedwith an avatar, that is, a virtual figure. To test this idea, they put 239 peoplein front of Ellie to have a chat with her about their lives. Half were told they would be interacting with an artificially intelligent virtual human ;the others were told that Ellie was a bit like a puppet, and was havingher strings pulled remotely by a person.
Dr Gratch and his colleaguesreport that, though every participant interacted with the same avatar, their experiencesdiffered markedly based on what they believed they were dealing with. Those whothought Ellie was under the control of a human operator reported greater fear ofdisclosing personal information, and said they managed more carefully what theyexpressed during the session, than did those who believed they were simply interactingwith a computer.
六、TranslationDirections: Translate tho following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets
9. 据报道这场森林大火吞噬了42条生命,摧毁了7000多幢房腿 10. 我国正在全力以赴促进经济与结构调整。 11. 只有车记使备中国才能早日实现。
12. 许多中国的航空公司允许乘客在飞行过程中使用手机,这意味我们可以在空中玩喜欢的游戏了。
七、Guided Writing
13. Directions: Write an Englishcomposition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
请记叙一件发生在你的旅行途中的印象深刻的事，并简要谈谈你的感悟。
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