初一英语语法汇总

第一讲：时态总复习时态肯定句否定句一般疑问句动词变化1）+s一现dodoesdon’tdodoesn’tdoDoyoudosth?Doeshedosth?2）+es(s,sh.ch,x,o)3）辅+y→ies4）have→has一过diddidn’tdoDidyoudosth?规则变化1)直+edhave/has+not+doneHaveyoudonesth?Hashedonesth?2)去e+ed3)双+ed(辅y)现进am/is/are+doinam/isareg+not+doingAreyoudoingsth?1）直+ing2）去e+ing3）双+ing(辅元辅)4）改ie→y+ing不规则变化1)AAA2)ABB3)ABC5)AAB现完have/hasdone4)改y→ied4)ABA过进was/were+doinwas/weregbedoneam/is/are+done+not+doingWereyoudoingsth?语态复习构成一现主动句变被动句一过was/were+donehave/has+been+doneam/is/are+being+donewas/were+being+done例句:JudycaughtNick.被动：NickwascaughtbyJudy.口诀:主变宾,宾变主,谓变bedone时不变。数格随被变,还有by放于宾格前。现完1.找：找主语和宾语2.换：主宾调换位置3.改：谓语改bedone4.加：加上by现进过进第二讲：一般将来时1.例句:CaptainCharlesAlisonwillsailfromPortsmouthtomorrow.Weshallmeethimattheharbourearlyinthemorning.Hewillbeinhissmallboat,Topsail.CaptainAlisonwillsetoutateighto'clocksoweshallhaveplentyoftime.Weshallseehisboatandthenweshallsaygood-byetohim.Hewillbeawayfortwomonths.HewilltakepartinanimportantraceacrosstheAtlantic.2.定义:将要发生或者打算要做的事情。3.构成:will/shall/begoingtodo4.时间标志词:tomorrow,next,inthefuture,someday,infiveyears,soon5.助动词:will/shall(won’t/shan’t)6.特殊用法：1)必然将来用willHewillbe12nextyear.ItwillbetheyearofDognextyear.2)shall表将来主要用于第一人称。3)begoingto表打算，有迹象表明(天气)Itisgoingtosnowtomorrow.Thereisgoingtobeastormthisafternoon.第三讲：将来进行时1.文中例句:Theywillbearrivingheretomorrow.Theywillbecomingbytrain.Andmostoftheyoungpeopleinthetownwillbemeetingthematthestation.TomorroweveningtheywillbesingingattheWorkers'Club.TheGreenwoodBoyswillbestayingforfivedays.Theywillbetryingtokeeporder.2.定义:未来某时正在发生的动作3.构成:shall/willbedoing4.时间标志词:at+具体时间+将来时间；atthis/thattime+将来时间5.助动词:will/shall6.句型转换肯定句:Hewillbewalkinghisdogtomorrowmorning.否定句:Hewon’tbewalkinghisdogtomorrowmorning.一般疑问句:Willhebewalkinghisdogtomorrowmorning?简答:Yes,hewill.No,hewon’t.特殊疑问句:Whatwillhebedoingtomorrowmorning?7.将来进行时和一般将来时的区别区别1:将来进行时通常表示的是对将来事实的简单陈述。一般将来时除表示时间概念外,还带有感情色彩。例句:Iwillpaythebill.(含有我愿意付账单的意思)Iwillbepayingthebill.(表示客观地我要付账单,无感情色彩。)区别2:将来进行时表示将来事实的简单陈述的事。一般将来时含有对将来的预测。例句:Iwillreadabooktomorrow.(表示明天我可能会读书)Iwillbereadingabookat10:00tomorrow.(表示明天10点钟我正在读书)8.过去进行时，现在进行时和将来进行时的比较过去进行时Iwasdoingmyhomeworkat8p.m.yesterday.现在进行时Iamdoinghomeworknow.将来进行时Iwillbedoingmyhomeworkat8a.m.tomorrow.第四讲：过去完成时例句:1.AfterIhaddonemyhomework,Iwenttobed.2.Whenhewokeup,ithadstoppedraining.3.Tomhadcollected300stampsbythetimehewas10.4.Hesaidthathehadseenmebefore.5.Bytheendoflastyear,IhadstudiedEnglishfor5years.定义:过去的过去两个动作都发生在过去,先后发生，先发生的动作用过去完成时，后发生的动作用一般过去时。过去完成时必须有一个过去的时间跟它相比较而存在，它不能独立存在。构成:haddone时间标志词:before,after,when,by+过去时间点/过去时的句子助动词:had句型转换:肯定句Thebushadleftwhenhearrivedatthestation.否定句Thebushadn’tleftwhenhearrivedatthestation.一般疑问句Hadthebusleftwhenhearrivedatthestation?简答Yes,ithad.No,ithadn’t.第五讲：直接引语变间接引语例句:1.“Mr.Harmsworthwillseeyou,”thesecretarysaid.ThesecretarytoldmethatMr.Harmsworthwouldseeme.2.“Thebusinessisverybad,”hesaid.Hesaidthatthebusinesswasverybad.3.“Thefirmcannotaffordtopaysuchlargesalaries,”hesaid.Hesaidthatthefirmcouldnotaffordsuchlargesalaries.4.“Youwillreceiveanextrathousandpoundsayear!”hesaid.HesaidthatIwouldreceiveanextrathousandpoundsayear.定义:直接引语:引用别人原话（加引号）。间接引语:转述别人原话(不加引号)。规则：一变：变人称二变：变时态（主现从随便，主过从也过，真理永一现）三变：标志词（时间状语，地点状语，指示代词）第六讲：if条件句文中例句:1.Ifyouparkyourcarinthewrongplace,atrafficpolicemanwillsoonfindit.2.Youwillbeveryluckyifheletsyougowithoutaticket.3.Youwillenjoyyourstayhereifyoupayattentiontoourstreetsigns.4.Ifyoureceivearequestlikethis,youcannotfailtoobeyit!1.定义:表示在某种条件下某事很可能发生。2.引导词:if3.主从句分辨:例：Shewillgotothezooifitdoesn’train.主句从句一般将来时一般现在时带if的句子为从句，不带if的句子为主句。4.使用规则:在条件状语从句中，主句通常用一般将来时、情态动词、祈使句，从句则多用一般现在时。5.记忆口诀:主将从现第七讲：复习课无语法第八讲：情态动词文中例句:Lesson171.Shemustbeatleastthirty-fiveyearsold.2.Jenniferwillhavetotakepartinanewplaysoon.3.Intheplay,shemustappearinabrightreddress.4.Lastyearinanotherplay,shehadtowearshortsocksand…5.Shealwaysanswers,‘Mydear,itmustbeterribletobegrownup!’Lesson196.Theplaymaybeginatanymoment.7.Itmayhavebegunalready.8.MayIhavetwoticketsplease?9.CanIreturnthesetwotickets?10.CouldIhavethosetwotickets?11.Imightaswellhavethem.1.情态动词三用法：Hecanfly.a.情态动词无三单变化.Hecan’tfly.b.情态动词否定直接加not.Hecanfly.c.情态动词后跟动词原形.2.义务军团:must表示必须A.表示意思上的区别must：必须haveto：不得不B.适用时态的区别：musthaveto现在时态musthave/hasto将来时态mustwillhaveto过去时态无hadtoC.否定形式的区别：must否定：needn’thaveto否定：don’t/doesn’t/didn’thaveto注意：mustn’t表示禁止e.g.Youmustn’tsmokehere.3.猜测军团：对现在肯定猜测对过去的推测must(肯定是_)musthavedone(肯定已经做过)can’t(be)(肯定不是)can’thavedone(肯定没做过)may(可能性大)might(可能性小)第九讲：have的用法例句:1.AfterIhadhadlunchatapub,Ilookedformybag.2.Ihadleftitonachairbesidethedoorandnowitwasn’tthere!3.‘Didyouhaveagoodmeal?’heasked.4.Ihaven’tgotmybag.5.‘I’mverysorry,’hesaid.‘Mydoghadtakenitintothegarden.Heoftendoesthis.’含义1.完成时的标志现在完成时：have/has+done过去完成时：had+done疑问句：have/has/had提前否定句：have/has/had+notdone(haven’t/hasn’t/hadn’tdone)第十讲：动名词例句:1.2.3.4.5.6.Fishingismyfavouritesport.ReadingEnglishaloudinthemorningwilldoyoualotofgood.Myjobislookingafterthechildren.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.Heisfondofwatchingsports-games.I'mlookingforwardtoyourcomingnexttime.1.定义:动名词是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为“动词原形+ing”。动名词既具有动词特点，又具有名词特点。2.用法(1)动名词作主语：①________________(eat)isalwaysapleasure.②________________(watch)TVismyfavouritehobby.③________________(read)inbedisbadforyoureyes.④_________________(see)isbelieving.⑤_________________ismyfavouritepastime.(Yourownchoice)(2)动名词作宾语：(一些动词和介词后)①Iamfinished_________________(do)myhomeworknow.②Shepractices_________________(play)thepianoeveryday.③Heisinterestedin_________________(play)computergames.④Sheisafraidof_________________(stay)inthathousealone.⑤Iamfondof______________________________.(Yourownchoice)后跟doing的常考动词和动词短语：finish,practice,beworth,bebusy,keep,beusedto,giveup,consider,suggest,can’thelp,feellike,enjoy,miss,mind句型和短语a.lookforwardtodoingsth盼望着做某事b.Thereisnousedoingsth做……是没用的c.havefun(in)doingsth做……很开心d.spendtime/money(in)doingsth花时间做某事3)用介词加动名词的形式将两句话连接起来。例句(1):before/aftera.Heturnedoffthecomputer.b.Helefttheroom.Afterturningoffthecomputer,helefttheroom.Beforeleavingtheroom,heturnedoffthecomputer.例句(2):insteadofa.Somefishermendon’tcatchfish.b.Theycatcholdbootsandrubbish.Insteadofcatchingfish,somefishermencatcholdbootsandrubbish.a.Hedidn’tdohishomework.b.Hewentouttoplayfootball.Insteadofdoinghishomework,hewentouttoplayfootball.例句(3):withouta.Hesatthere.b.Hedidn’tsayanything.Hesattherewithoutsayinganything.a.Hewentout.b.Hedidn’tturnoffthelight.Hewentoutwithoutturningoffthelight.第十一讲：被动语态文中例句:1.Passingplanescanbeheardnightandday.2.Theairportwasbuiltduringthewar.3.Forsomereasonitcouldnotbeusedthen.4.Overahundredpeoplemusthavebeendrivenawayfromtheirhomesbythenoise.5.SometimesIthinkthishousewillbeknockeddownbyapassingplane.6.Ihavebeenofferedalargesumofmoneytogoaway.各种时态的被动语态:一般现在时is/am/are+done一般过去时was/were+done一般将来时will/shallbe+done现在进行时is/am/are+being+done过去进行时was/were+being+done现在完成时was/were+being+done含情态动词情+be+done情+havebeen+done第十二讲1.ofdreamofthinkofhearofgetridofbetiredof______________________________________________________________________warnsbof______________2.fromborrowsthfromsb______________receivesthfromsb______________escapefrom______________stopsbfromdoingsth______________keepsbfromdoingsth______________preventsbfromdoingsth______________protectsbfromsth______________differfrom______________separatefrom______________sufferfrom______________hearfrom______________3.in______________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.on__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________对……感兴趣相信……在……失败把……包含在内在……有经验的拜访某人集中注意力在……依赖，依靠坚持做……对……手术祝贺……热衷于……