（网络互连课程设计）
设计说明书
园区网络规划
起止日期：2011年11月28日至2011年12月9日
学班学成
生姓名 级 号 绩
指导教师(签字)
计算机与通信学院 2011年12月9日
摘要
这次课程设计的题目是立宏中学校园网的设计，它涉及到校园网的需求分析、网络规划设计、管理（包括安全）技术、设计原则以及设备性能介绍、选择的技术依据、解决方案等各个方面，对这次设计，还涉及到校园网建设中的基本知识和需求分析，校园网建设的方案，校园网应用服务系统的建设和校园网的安全等多方面问题，其结合立宏中学的实际情况，对校园网的建设作了深入浅出的分析和建议。
学校的系统主干及重要的支干链路应依据当前需求在100M和1000M以太网之间选择，网络系统可考虑采用虚拟组网技术（VLAN），以利于网络管理和提高网络效能，利用管理平台对校园网运行情况进行监视、分析和监控，迅速判断、查找、排除网络故障。
目 录
摘要 ······························································································································· 1 课程设计的目的与意义 ······································································································· 3
1.1 目的 ················································································································ 3 1.2 意义 ················································································································ 3 二、需求分析 ··················································································································· 4
2.1交换网络需求分析 ·································································································· 4 3.1 交换网络方案设计 ································································································· 5 3.1.1 交换网络的功能需求 ··························································································· 5 3.1.2 交换网络拓扑图 ································································································· 5 3.1.2 IP地址规划 ······································································································ 6 四、方案的实施 ················································································································ 7
4.1 交换网络的配置 ···································································································· 7 4.2 交换网络测试结果 ································································································ 15 五、心得体会 ·················································································································· 17 六、参考文献 ·················································································································· 18
课程设计的目的与意义
1.1 目的
本次课程设计主要目的是把课堂上所学的理论知识系统的组织起来实际化。通过实际事例独自完成以检阅自己在课程上学习的成果。此次课程设计通过思科模拟器模拟实际工作的工作环境来通过反复的研讨和修改完成一个整体的园区网的组建。
1.2 意义
通过一段时间独立的思考和反复的动手，完成一个真正意义上的网络组建，从而把一个学期来课堂上所学有关网络相关的理论知识实践化。通过此次课程设计不仅系统的梳理了课堂上所学的交换机和路由器的理论知识，而且还有机的把两者相结合组成了一个路由交换网络，为日后真正的走上工作岗位打好良好的基础。
二、需求分析
2.1交换网络需求分析
课程设计目标：掌握园区网中交换网络的设计、实现及验证方法
任务：模拟实现园区网中中的交换网络。除了要求实现各设备间的IP可达之外，还要求实现不同VLAN在交换链路上的负载平衡。具体要求如下：
1、对各路由、交换设备进行基本配置，包括主机名、登录密码等信息。
2、配置各路由器的接口IP地址及路由信息。
3、在各交换机上创建VLAN并分配VLAN接口成员（对于干道接口，配置其Trunk信息）。 5、在各交换机上创建管理VLAN接口并分配IP地址及默认网关信息。
6、设计、配置、验证交换机上的PVST，使得各VLAN在不同的交换链路上实现负载均衡。 实训环境：
核心由核心层交换机CS、汇聚层交换机DS1、DS2、接入层交换机AS1、AS2组成。为了模拟终端接入，除了PC工作站外，还使用一台路由器（R2）模拟不同VLAN的终端接入。此外，还使用了一台路由器（R1）用来模拟网络边界路由器。
为了简化设计，本实训只使用二个VLAN，即默认的VLAN1及VLNA2。为了实现对交换网络中所有交换机的管理，需要启用各交换机上的管理VLAN接口并配置其IP地址及默认网关。
三、方案设计
3.1 交换网络方案设计
3.1.1 交换网络的功能需求
在大型园区中的一个分部设计一个交换式网络，此网络基本设备由交换机组成。该网络采用星型拓扑结构，分为核心层、汇聚层、接入层三层网络结构模式。为了简化设计，本交换网络只使用二个VLAN，即默认的VLAN1及VLNA2。为了实现对交换网络中所有交换机的管理，需要启用各交换机上的管理VLAN接口并配置其IP地址及默认网关。该网络组要实现VLAN1和VLAN2之间相互通信，通过任何一台PC机可以远程管理交换机并设置交换机的登录密码。为了考虑到网络的稳定性，整个网络采用冗余技术。因为网络设备都是交换机，为了防止环路而形成的广播风暴所以在交换机上配置生成树协议。通过整个园区交换网络的配置实现整个网络的互通。
3.1.2 交换网络拓扑图
3.1.3 IP地址规划
各交换机的管理VLAN接口IP编址方案如下表。其中，核心层交换机CS上的VLAN2接口也作为VLAN2接入终端系统的默认网关。 交换机 管理VLAN接口 管理VLAN接口IP 默认网关 VLAN1 1.1.1.1/24 12.0.0.2 CS VLAN2 2.2.2.1/24 12.0.0.2 DS1 VLAN1 1.1.1.2/24 1.1.1.1 DS2 VLAN1 1.1.1.3/24 1.1.1.1 AS1 VLAN1 1.1.1.4/24 1.1.1.1 AS2 VLAN1 1.1.1.5/24 1.1.1.1
各交换机上的接口类型及接口连接方案如表所示： 设备名称 本地接口 本地接口类型 对端设备 对端设备接口 CS F0/0 R1 F0/0 三层IP接口 CS F1/1 F1/1 二层Trunk接口 DS1 CS F1/2 F1/2 二层Trunk接口 DS2 DS1 F1/1 F1/1 二层Trunk接口 CS DS1 F1/12 F1/12 二层Trunk接口 DS2 DS1 F1/13 F1/13 二层Trunk接口 AS1 DS1 F1/14 F1/13 二层Trunk接口 AS2 DS2 F1/2 F1/2 二层Trunk接口 CS DS2 F1/12 F1/12 二层Trunk接口 DS1 DS2 F1/13 F1/14 二层Trunk接口 AS1 DS2 F1/14 F1/14 二层Trunk接口 AS2 AS1 F1/12 F1/12 二层Trunk接口 AS2 AS1 F1/13 F1/13 二层Trunk接口 DS1 AS1 F1/14 F1/13 二层Trunk接口 DS2 AS1 F1/1 LO0 二层ACCESS接PC工作站 口(VLAN1) AS2 F1/12 F1/12 二层Trunk接口 AS1 AS2 F1/13 F1/14 二层Trunk接口 DS1 AS2 F1/14 F1/14 二层Trunk接口 DS2 AS2 F1/1 F0/0 二层ACCESS接R2 口(VLAN2)
四、方案的实施
4.1 交换网络的配置 一、SA1交换机配置
1、交换机的密码和名称配置
Switch>en Switch#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Switch(config)#hostname SA1 SA1(config)#no ip domain-lookup SA1(config)#line console 0
SA1(config-line)#logging synchronous SA1(config-line)#password 111 SA1(config-line)#login SA1(config-line)#line vty 0 4 SA1(config-line)#password 111 SA1(config-line)#login SA1(config-line)#exit
2、交换机VLAN配置
SA1#vlan database
% Warning: It is recommended to configure VLAN from config mode, as VLAN database mode is being deprecated. Please consult user documentation for configuring VTP/VLAN in config mode. SA1(vlan)#vlan 1 VLAN 1 modified: SA1(vlan)#vlan 2 VLAN 2 added:
Name: VLAN0002 SA1(vlan)#exit APPLY completed. Exiting....
3、管理地址配置
SA1(config)#int vlan 1
SA1(config-if)#ip address 1.1.1.4 255.255.255.0
SA1(config-if)#no shutdown
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Vlan1, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan1, changed state to up SA1(config-if)#ip default-gateway 1.1.1.1
4、端口配置
SA1(config)#int f0/1
SA1(config-if)#switchport mode access SA1(config-if)#switchport access vlan 1 SA1(config-if)#exit SA1(config)#int f0/12
SA1(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/12, changed state to down
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/12, changed state to up
SA1(config-if)#switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,2 SA1(config-if)#exit SA1(config)#int f0/13
SA1(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/13, changed state to down
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/13, changed state to up
SA1(config-if)#switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,2 SA1(config-if)#exit SA1(config)#int f0/14
SA1(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/14, changed state to down
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/14, changed state to up
SA1(config-if)#switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,2 SA1(config-if)#exit
5、STP配置
SA1(config)#spanning-tree vlan 1 priority 32768 SA1(config)#spanning-tree vlan 2 priority 32768
二、SA2交换机配置
1、交换机的密码和名称配置
Switch>en Switch#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Switch(config)#hostname SA2
SA2(config)#no ip domain-lookup SA2(config)#line console 0
SA2(config-line)#logging synchronous SA2(config-line)#password 111 SA2(config-line)#login
SA2(config-line)#line vty 0 4 SA2(config-line)#password 111 SA2(config-line)#login SA2(config-line)#exit
2、交换机VLAN配置
SA2#vlan database
% Warning: It is recommended to configure VLAN from config mode, as VLAN database mode is being deprecated. Please consult user documentation for configuring VTP/VLAN in config mode. SA2(vlan)#vlan 1 VLAN 1 modified: SA2(vlan)#vlan 2 VLAN 2 added:
Name: VLAN0002 SA2(vlan)#exit APPLY completed. Exiting....
3、管理地址配置
SA2#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. SA2(config)#int vlan 1
SA2(config-if)#ip address 1.1.1.5 255.255.255.0 SA2(config-if)#no shutdown
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Vlan1, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan1, changed state to up SA2(config-if)#ip default-gateway 1.1.1.1
4、端口配置
SA2(config)#int f0/1
SA2(config-if)#switchport mode access SA2(config-if)#switchport access vlan 1 SA2(config-if)#exit SA2(config)#int f0/12
SA2(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
SA2(config-if)#switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,2 SA2(config-if)#exit SA2(config)#int f0/13
SA2(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/13, changed state to down
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/13, changed state to up
SA2(config-if)#switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,2 SA2(config-if)#exit SA2(config)#int f0/14
SA2(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/14, changed state to down
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/14, changed state to up
SA2(config-if)#switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,2
5、STP配置
SA2(config)#spanning-tree vlan 2 priority 32768 SA2(config)#spanning-tree vlan 1 priority 32768
三、DS1交换机配置
1、交换机的密码和名称配置
Switch>en Switch#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Switch(config)#hostname DS1
DS1(config)#no ip domain-lookup DS1(config)#line console 0
DS1(config-line)#logging synchronous DS1(config-line)#password 111 DS1(config-line)#login
DS1(config-line)#line vty 0 4 DS1(config-line)#password 111 DS1(config-line)#login DS1(config-line)#exit
2、交换机VLAN配置
DS1(vlan)#vlan 1 VLAN 1 modified: DS1(vlan)#vlan 2 VLAN 2 added:
Name: VLAN0002 DS1(vlan)#exit APPLY completed. Exiting....
3、管理地址配置
DS1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. DS1(config)#int vlan 1
DS1(config-if)#ip address 1.1.1.2 255.255.255.0 DS1(config-if)#no shutdown
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Vlan1, changed state to up DS1(config-if)#ip default-gateway 1.1
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan1, changed state to up DS1(config-if)#ip default-gateway 1.1.1.1
4、端口配置
DS1(config)#int f0/1
DS1(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to down
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
DS1(config-if)#switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,2 DS1(config-if)#exit DS1(config)#int f0/12
DS1(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/12, changed state to down
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/12, changed state to up
DS1(config-if)#switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,2 DS1(config-if)#exit DS1(config)#int f0/13
DS1(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
DS1(config-if)#switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,2 DS1(config-if)#exit DS1(config)#int f0/14
DS1(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
DS1(config-if)#switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,2
5、STP配置
DS1(config)#spanning-tree vlan 2 priority 4096 DS1(config)#spanning-tree vlan 1 priority 0
四、DS2交换机配置
1、交换机的密码和名称配置
Switch>en Switch#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Switch(config)#hostname DS2
DS2(config)#no ip domain-lookup // DS2(config)#line console 0
DS2(config-line)#logging synchronous DS2(config-line)#password 111 DS2(config-line)#login
DS2(config-line)#line vty 0 4 DS2(config-line)#password 111 DS2(config-line)#login DS2(config-line)#exit
2、交换机VLAN配置
DS2(vlan)#vlan 1 VLAN 1 modified: DS2(vlan)#vlan 2 VLAN 2 added:
Name: VLAN0002 DS2(vlan)#exit APPLY completed. Exiting....
3、管理地址配置
DS2#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. DS2(config)#int vlan 1
DS2(config-if)#ip address 1.1.1.3 255.255.255.0 DS2(config-if)#no shutdown
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Vlan1, changed state to up DS2(config-if)#ip default-gateway 1.
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan1, changed state to up 1.1.1
DS2(config-if)#ip default-gateway 1.1.1.1
4、端口配置
DS2(config)#int f0/2
DS2(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/2, changed state to down
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/2, changed state to up
DS2(config-if)#switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,2 DS2(config-if)#exit DS2(config)#int f0/12
DS2(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
DS2(config-if)#switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,2 DS2(config-if)#exit DS2(config)#int f0/13
DS2(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
DS2(config-if)#switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,2 DS2(config-if)#exit DS2(config)#int f0/14
DS2(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
DS2(config-if)#switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,2
5、STP配置
DS2(config)#spanning-tree vlan 2 priority 0 DS2(config)#spanning-tree vlan 1 priority 4096
五、CS交换机配置
1、交换机的密码和名称配置
Switch>en Switch#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Switch(config)#hostname CS
CS(config)#no ip domain-lookup // CS(config)#line console 0
CS(config-line)#logging synchronous CS(config-line)#password 111 CS(config-line)#login
CS(config-line)#line vty 0 4 CS(config-line)#password 111 CS(config-line)#login CS(config-line)#exit
2、交换机VLAN配置
CS#vlan database
% Warning: It is recommended to configure VLAN from config mode, as VLAN database mode is being deprecated. Please consult user documentation for configuring VTP/VLAN in config mode. CS(vlan)#vlan 1 VLAN 1 modified: CS(vlan)#vlan 2 VLAN 2 added:
Name: VLAN0002 CS(vlan)#exit APPLY completed. Exiting....
3、VLAN地址配置
CS#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. CS(config)#int vlan 1
CS(config-if)#ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 CS(config-if)#no shutdown
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Vlan1, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan1, changed state to up CS(config)#int vlan 2
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Vlan2, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan2, changed state to up CS(config-if)#ip address 2.2.2.1 255.255.255.0 CS(config-if)#no shutdown
4、端口配置
CS(config)#int f0/1
CS(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
Command rejected: An interface whose trunk encapsulation is \"Auto\" can not be configured to
\"trunk\" mode.
CS(config-if)#switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,2 CS(config-if)#exit CS(config)#int f0/2
CS(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
Command rejected: An interface whose trunk encapsulation is \"Auto\" can not be configured to \"trunk\" mode.
CS(config-if)#switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,2 CS(config-if)#exit CS(config)#int f0/24
CS(config-if)#no switchport
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/24, changed state to down
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/24, changed state to up
5、STP配置
DS2(config)#spanning-tree vlan 2 priority 32768 DS2(config)#spanning-tree vlan 1 priority 32768
6、CS路由协议的配置
interface Vlan1
ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 !
interface Vlan2
ip address 2.2.2.1 255.255.255.0 !
router ospf 100
router-id 192.168.1.1 log-adjacency-changes
network 12.0.0.0 0.0.0.3 area 0 network 1.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 network 2.2.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
4.2 交换网络测试结果
一、ping R2 的F0/0端口
二、telnet 交换机AS2
三、阻塞AS1端口F0/13和F0/14前后STP变化
（阻塞前）
（阻塞后立即show）
（隔段时间show）
五、心得体会
通过本次课程设计使我又懂得了许多，对交换机，路由器的一些配置有了更加全面的了解，为今后的学习奠定了好的基础。在做实验的过程中虽然遇到了些麻烦，但是通过查资料和同学之间的互相交流一一解决了麻烦。相信自己可以做的更好。
六、参考文献
1. 张保通，安志远 主编. 网络互联技术.中国水利水电出版设. 2009.10 2. 雷震甲，主编 网络工程师教程. 高等教育出版社2011.11
3. 石炎生，郭观七 主编. 计算机网络工程实用教程（第2版）.电子工业出版社. 2011.03 4. 蓝狐网络工程技术 5. 课程设计指导书
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容