翻译 完形

一．翻译标准及评分原则 1． 翻译标准：

“既须求真，又须喻俗”——【唐代·玄奘】

What is done by night appears by day.

Man’s youth is a wonderful thing: it is so full of anguish and of magic and he never comes to know it as it is, until it has gone from him forever. 2． 评分原则：分段计分 如何评分-

Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell-television, and the digital age will have arrived.

儿童将与装有个性芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍，具有个性内置的计算机将被视为工作伙伴而不是工具，人们将在气味电视机前休闲，到那个时候数字化时代就带到了。

The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied. 在进化中自然选择所起的作用仅在一百多年前才得到阐述，而环境在形成和保持个体行为过程中所起到的选择作用则刚刚开始得到承认和研究（为人们所认可和研究）。 总结：分段释义、合理调整、言辞贯通、书写工整

1．词义“明确化” 2．结构“清晰化” 3．语序“通顺化” 4．书写“工整化” 二．英汉差异及考试热点 英语：印欧?结构抽象 紧凑 形合 汉语：汉藏?结构具体 松散 意合 1． 替换à重复

【汉】此物生南国。

【英】It grows in the south. 【汉】很多人从未出过国门。

【英】Many people never go abroad. 【汉】美国是当今唯一的超级大国。

【英】The USA is the only superpowers at present. 【汉】葡萄牙是一个比西班牙小的国家。

【英】Portugal is a smaller country than Spain. 【汉】国将不国，何以为家。

【英】When our fatherland is in great danger, there is no use to talk about sweet home. 【练习】

The monkey’s most extraordinary accomplishment was learning to operate a tractor. By the age of nine, it had learned to solo on the vehicle. 【练习】

We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. 【练习】

Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political science, psychology, and sociology. [2003, Translation] 【练习】

So it is a bit confusing when Vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as, What’s the difference between love and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? 【练习】

There will be television shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.

1． 抽象à具体

【英】Nature is the true law.

【汉】天行有常，不为尧存，不为桀亡。 【英】This novel was the beginning of his fame.

【汉】这部小说是他的成名之作。

【英】The most notable is the further willingness of people to speak their minds. 【汉】人们更愿意畅所欲言，这是最值得注意的

【英】Neither sorrow nor regret followed my passionate outburst. 【汉】我发泄一阵之后，既没感到难过，也没感到遗憾。

【英】Most regions in China are mysterious and attractive, with Tibet in the lead. 【汉】中国很多地区神秘莫测，引人入胜，其中西藏位居榜首。 【练习】

Even an elementary knowledge of statistics is sufficient to enable the journalist to avoid misleading his readers. 【练习】

There men wrote and published extensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences, and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness. 3. 被动à主动

Mary was kissed by John.

If playing truant can be viewed as normal behavior, being punctual may be treated as students’ virtue. 【练习】

What measures have been or are being adopted by the government to reduce air pollution? 【练习】

The discovery is highly appreciated in the circle of science.

The Apollo XII crew reported that their spaceship was being followed by two UFOs. 【练习】

The area has been marked out for building more hotels. 【练习】

My first forty years were spent in Southern Europe.

New sources of power must be found, and this will take time, but it is not likely to …. 【练习】

It should be realized that …

It may be said without fear of exaggeration that …. 【练习】

And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can by no means be compared with scientists’ processes, and they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.

并且，许多人认为，普通人的思维活动无法和科学家的思维活动相比，并且这些思维活动必须通过某种专门的训练才能掌握。

4. 糅合à分解

【英】Every stranger is struck by the patient and orderly way in which Britons queue for a bus. 【汉】英国人排队等车井然有序，不紧不慢，这给初来乍到的人留下很深的印象。

【英】The last few days have found me very restless. This evening as I sat in the yard to enjoy the cool, it struck me how different the lotus pool I pass every day must look under a full moon.

【汉】这几天心里颇不宁静。今晚在院子里坐着乘凉，忽然想起日日走过的荷塘，在这满月的光里，总该另有一番样子吧。 【练习】 定语从句

The first place that I will show you around is Big Wild Goose Pagoda, on the top floor of which we can appreciate the beautiful scene of the city. To the north of the tower, locates a square full of historical topics where you can indulge in thousands of ancient poems. 特殊情况一：

Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed.

The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind; it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation.

科学研究的方法不过是人类思维活动的必要表达方式，也就是对一切现象进行思索并且给以精确而严谨解释的表达方式。 特殊情况二：

In such an experiment the insects can be taught to fly to the ultra-violet, which for us is just darkness. 在这样的实验中，能够训练昆虫飞向紫外线，而紫外线对我们来说只是一片黑暗。

World War II was, however, more complex than World War I, which was a collision among the imperialist powers over the spoils of markets, resources and territories.

第一次世界大战是帝国主义列强之间争夺市场、资源和领土的冲突，而第二次世界大战却比第一次复杂。 其他特殊情况：

There are many people who want to read the book. 许多人想读这本书。

Home workers are people who have made decisions regarding their careers and life-styles. 在家工作的人是按照自己的职业和生活方式做出这种决定的。 【练习】 同位语从句

They would have had to live the rest of their lives under the stigma that he had recklessly precipitated an action which wrecked the Summit Conference and conceivably could have launched a nuclear war.

他们可能不得不背着一种臭名而终其余生，这个臭名就是：他曾贸然采取一项行动，这项行动破坏了首脑会晤，并且可以设想，还可能已经触发一场核战争。 【练习】 状语从句

While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past. 【06-48】【07-50】【08-48】【09-48】

几乎每个历史学家对史学都有自己的界定，但现代史学家的实践最趋向于认为历史学是试图重现过去的重大史实并对其做出解释。 【练习】 比较结构

取舍比较

My interest in the NETEM has arisen less through the attractiveness of the examination itself and more from the result I expect.

Interest in historical method had arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.

人们对历史学研究方法产生了兴趣，这与其说是因为外部对历史学作为一门知识学科的有效性提出了挑战，还不如说是因为历史学家们内部发生了争执。

Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools. less … and more … not so much … as …

„ rather than … 异同比较

His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to this decision. as … as …

not so adj. as …

„ no more adj. than …. „ no less than … „ no less than … in line with… be parallel to ….

can be compared to …. be analogous to …. 优劣比较

He adds humbly that perhaps he was “superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully.” be superior to … be inferior to … be prior to … be preferable to … 【练习】 并列结构

You can get a sound score, but only if you do your utmost, and only if you are marching towards the right direction.

On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.

总的来说，得出这样的结论是有一定把握的，但必须具备两个条件：一是能够假定这个孩子对测试的态度和与他相比的另一个孩子的态度相同；二是他没有因缺乏别的孩子已掌握的有关知识而被扣分。 5． 逻辑à语境 ? 惯用否定结构 形肯意否

(10)(11)(14) + anything but… 形否意肯

(4)(5)(8)(9)(12)(15) (16) 正译反译

And the circle continues.

The United Nations has not, so far, justified the hopes which the people of the world set on it. To live up to the public expectation

动词：fail, miss, live up to, ignore, over-look, exclude 名词：absence, failure, refusal, ignorance 形容词：few, free from, short of, safe of, „ 副词: less, otherwise, too „to„, vainly,„. 连词：more A than B, less A than B, until, „. 介词：without, beyond,

The car is broken, beyond any means of repair.

Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population to the point where the planet can provide a comfortable

support for all, people will have to accept more “unnatural food”.

除非人类终于意识到要把人口减少到这样的程度：使地球能为所有人提供足够的饮食，否则人们将不得不接受更多的“人造食品” 6． 英文特有表达习惯 a. 时态意义的问题

It has been noted that those who live, or have lived, in the shadow of death bring a mellow sweetness to everything they do. b. 语序调整的问题

I shall define him as an intellectual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in a Socratic（苏格拉底） way about moral problems.

It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice. 因此，如果要学生好好利用他们上大学的机会，就应该为他们提供大量关于课程方面更为详尽的信息和更多的指点。这个问题显得越来越重要了。

c. 成分省略的问题

“At twenty years of age, the will reigns; at thirty, the wit; and at forty, the judgment”

(Benjamin Franklin)

That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. 这种理论的核心是，我们的环境同我们的才能、性格特征和行为即使有什么关系的话，也是微不足道的。 Medical opinion suggested that training programs offered few, if any, healthy benefits. 医学观点认为：即使训练项目对我们的健康有益的话，那也是微不足道的。 20 = 5（一目了然）+ 10（抽丝剥茧）+3（登峰造极）+2（听天由命）

完形

一、命题规律及做题原则 1. 2. 3. 4.

瞻前顾后 重视结构 留心搭配 简化思路

【范例一】 Exercise 1

Many professions are associated with a particular stereotype. The 1 image of a writer, for instance, is in a slightly crazy-looking person, locked in an attic, writing 2 furiously for days 3 .

1. [A] historic [B] antique [C] senior [D] classic 2. [A] away [B] off [C] on [D]down 3. [A] on finish [B] on final [C] on end [D] on stop Exercise 2

Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories 21 on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior 22 they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through 23 with others. Theories focusing on the role of society that children commit crimes in 24 to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status 25 as a rejection of middle-class values. 21. [A] acting [B] relying [C] centering [D] cementing 22. [A] before [B] unless [C] until [D] because 23. [A] interactions [B] assimilation [C] cooperation [D] consultation 24. [A] return [B] reply [C] reference [D] response

25. [A] or [B] but rather [C] but [D] or else 【范例二】 Exercise 1

Growing bodies need movement and 23 , but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 23. [A] care [B] nutrition [C] exercise [D] leisure Exercise 2

This constant need to prove that one is as good as, 1 not better, one’s fellow-competitor creates constant 2 and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.

1. [A] while [B] if [C] when [D] lest 2. [A] casualty [B] fatality [C] concern [D] anxiety Exercise 3

„ teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the 25 that comes from achieving success … 25. [A] assistance [B] guidance [C] confidence [D] tolerance 【范例三】 Exercise 1

Manpower Inc, with 560 000 workers, is the world’s largest temporary employment agency. Every morning, its people ____ into the offices and factories of America, seeking a day’s work for a day’s pay.

1. [A] swarm [B] stride [C] separate [D] slip Exercise 2

At the beginning of the century, medical scientists made a surprising discovery: that we are 1 not just of flesh and blood but also of time. They were able to 2 that we all have an internal “body clock” which 3 the rise and fall of our body energies, making us different from one day to the other. These forces became known as biorhythms; they create the 4 in our everyday life.

1. [A] built [B] shaped [C] molded [D] grown 2. [A] demonstrate [B] illustrate [C] present [D] propose 3. [A] designates [B] fluctuates [C] calculates [D] regulates 4.[A] “ups” and “downs” [B] “goods” and “bads” [C] “pros” and “cons” [D] “highs” and “lows” 【范例四】

Exercise 1

Concerns were raised 1 witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to ensure guilty verdicts. 1. [A] what [B] when [C] which [D] that Exercise 2

A variety of activities should be organized 1 participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to something else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants 2 .

1. [A] if only [B] now that [C] so that [D] even if 2. [A] off [B] down [C] out [D] alone Exercise 3

Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, 26 the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes.

26. [A] considering [B] ignoring [C] highlighting [D] discarding

Exercise 4

It would be wise to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, 28 , publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, displaying student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. 28. [A] in effect [B] as a result [C] for example [D] in a sense 二、选项特征及考点总结 1. 词义辨析

形容词、副词、动词、名词

（注重语境中的搭配关系、肯否定关系和感情色彩） 2． 介词vs小副词

Across

Prep. 碰到，遇到： I came across my ex-girlfriend in Europe. Adv. 以能被接受的方式进行：I got my idea across.

After

Prep. 探求、追求：Fu Rong seeks after fame and goes after big money. 关于：He always asks after you.

尽管：We are still husband and wife after all our disputes. 仿照：I wrote a story after O. Henry. Adv.

Against

Prep. 以备（后用），预防：food stored against winter / protection against the cold Along

Prep. 根据

Adv. 一起 bring your friend along / publish the paper along with the report Among

Prep. 多者之间，群体内

Around

Prep. 遍及：around the country. 临近：I live around New York City. Adj. 存活：My puppy is no longer around. 在场：ask if the witness is around

Behind

Prep. 潜在的原因：Behind your every effort is your ambition. Beyond By Concerning For

For all the problems, the experience is valuable. From

Prep. 离开、脱离：keep „ from„ / prevent „ from „

3. 语篇逻辑 转折however（2002年第29题、1998年第47题、2007年第9题、2008年第14题）, yet, but, anyhow, anyway, nevertheless, while(2005年第1题), whereas (1997年第48题,2005年第9题)，instead, instead of( 2000年第41题)；

递进besides, further, moreover, most important, in addition, furthermore, too, also(2005年第16题), and then, again, indeed(2006年第1题)；

条件、让步if, only if（2000年第42题）,in spite of, despite, though, although（2002年第31题,2006年第7题）, even so, even though (1997年第44题), rather, after all, regardless, while(2006年第14题)；

原因、 结果because(2004年第22题,2003年第24题), since, as (1997年第42题), for, due to, so, therefore, thus, hence, in that , accordingly, consequently, as a result, as a consequence, so that (2003年第35题), to this end；

比较、对比likewise, at the same time, in the same way, in comparison, in contrast, like, as, just as, conversely, on the contrary (2003年第38题)，while(2007年第12题)；

列举、举例first, second, in the first place, in the second place, next, another, finally, still, namely, that is, for instance（2009年第14题）, for example（2003年第28题）, as an example, specifically, in particular；

时间关系before（2001年第36题）,after, until, till，meanwhile，subsequently。 强调certainly, indeed, above all（2009年第18题），surely, most important, in fact, no doubt, truly, obviously 【练习】2006 三、真题训练【略】

一、“正话反说”常用句式 1．not．．．without

1）They never meet without quarrelling． 他们每次见面必吵架。

2）There is no general rule without some exception． 所有的普遍规律都有例外。

3）One cannot think of Africa without thinking of Egypt，the cradle of ancient civilization，nor of Egypt without the Nile．

每当人们想起非洲，就必然会想到作为古代文明发祥地的埃及，而一想到埃及，就会想到尼罗河。 另外，人们在出版一本书时，总要在前言里对给予帮助的有关人员表示感谢，在这种情况下，汉语一般是 正面提，而英语从反面说，常用此结构。

4）This book could not have been written or published without the help of dozens of people，and I am deeply grateful to all of them．

本书得以编写和出版，还由于很多人的大力协助，我对他们深表谢意。 2．cannot．．．too

英语中的“cannot．．．too”是一种常见的用否定形式表达肯定意义的结构，它相当于“it is impossible too overdo．．．”（无论怎样也不为过）。 1）I cannot be too grateful for his help．

对于他给予的帮助，我非常感激。（我无论怎样感激也不为过）

2）The value of the information he has provided cannot be overestimated．

他提供的信息非常宝贵。（其价值无论怎样估计也不为过）

3）A book may be compared to your neighbor：if it be good，it cannot last too long；if bad，you cannot get rid of it too early．

一本书好比你的邻居：如果是本好书，保持的时间越长越好；如果是本坏书，处理得越早越好。 3．直接式的双重否定

这种句式通常由no，not，never等否定词与not，but，for nothing等连用。

1）There is no one that does not want to help you． 每个人都愿意帮助你。

2）There is no surgical patient I cannot treat competently，treat just as well or better than any other surgeon．

任何外科病人我都能治，我的治疗与其他外科医生一样高明，甚至高出一筹。 3）We would，however，not be getting something for nothing． 然而，我们要有所作为，就得付出代价。 4．can't help but，can't help doing sth． 这两种句式较常见，但它们表示的双重

否定并不是很直接，因而易引起理解上的失误。

1）When the streets are full of melting-snow，you can't help but get your shoes wet． 当街上满是融雪时，你的鞋子肯定要被弄湿。

2）When I heard the sad story，I could not help shedding tears． 听到那个伤心的故事，我不禁掉泪了。 5．Nothing is more．．．than．．．

1）Nothing is more valuable than health．

世界万物健康最宝贵。

在这个句式中，nothing可由其他否定词来替代，如no，not，nobody，nowhere等。 2）No one is more foolish than he is． 他是最愚笨的一个人。

3）No other animal is larger than a whale． 鲸是最大的动物。

4）Nowhere is more beautiful than his hometown． 他的家乡是最美的地方。 6．not．．．until

“not．．．until”是一个非常典型的英语表达方式，中国学生理解起来很容易，但在实际运用中却很难想到 ，主要原因还是不太习惯以否定的形式来表达肯定的意义。 1）The value of health is not esteemed until it is lost． 人们只有在失去健康时，才知道它的可贵。 2）Nobody knows what he can do until he has tried． 任何人都要试一试，才知道他能做什么。

3）They did not meet again until the be- ginning of 1951． 他们直到1951年初才再度会面。 7．not to mention，not to speak of

1）Dave is handsome and smart，not to mention being a good athlete． 戴夫英俊、聪明，还是个出色的运动员。

2）He has a big house and an expensive car，not to speak of a villa in France． 他有一所大房子和一辆昂贵的汽车，此外在法国还有一所别墅。 8．There is nothing like．．．

1）There is nothing like jogging as a means of exercise．

锻炼身体的最好方法是慢跑。

2）In my life，there is nothing like my father's influence for changing my beliefs． 在我的生命中，父亲对我信仰的改变影响最大。 二、“比较对比”常用句式 1. not so much as ……

He cannot so much as write his own name. （=He cannot even write his own name.） 他甚至连自己的名字都不会写。

He did not so much as thank me. 他甚至都没谢我。

He is so stupid that he can't so much as eat. 他蠢得甚至连吃饭都不会。 2. the more „„， the more „„

The more you soften a request， the more polite it becomes. 你愈使请求柔婉，请求就愈变为客气。

The longer you stay here， the more you will like the place. 你在这里待得愈久，你愈会喜欢这个地方。

The more careful you are， the fewer mistakes you will make. 你愈小心，你犯错就会愈少。 The more I learn， the less I feel I know. 学而后知不足。

The closer you stay to nature， the more you will appreciate her beauty. 你愈接近大自然，就愈能了解它的美。

以下是一些常用到的the more..., the more...结构的谚语 The more haste， the less speed. 欲速则不达。

More profit and less honor. 舍名逐利。 The sooner the better. 事不宜迟。

The more you have， the more you want. 拥有愈多，欲望愈高。

The more you beat iron the harder it grows. 铁不炼不成钢，玉不琢不成器。 more and more „„

3. …… more …… than ……

You may also find that reading has become more fun than work！ 你或许也会发现阅读已经变成是有趣的事，而不是工作。

It is more a made-up story than a real occurrence.那是杜撰的故事，而不是真实发生的事情。 I was more disappointed than discouraged. 我是失望，而不是泄气。 He is more a sprinter than a swimmer. 他是短跑健将，而不是游泳选手。 I am more frightened than hurt. 我吓坏了而没有受伤。 Sue is more beautiful than Jane. 苏比珍较美。

The computer is more expensive than the typewriter. 这部计算机比这部打字机更贵。

People in the country are happier than people in the city.乡下的人们比城市的人们更快乐。 4. N1 more …… than N2

People have to live on something more nourishing than hope. 人们必须依赖比希望更滋养的东西来过活。

I have never seen a girl more beautiful than Mary. 我从未见过比玛丽更为美丽的女孩子。 I want some persons more experienced than Tom. 我要一些比汤姆更有经验的人。 5. more N than + ADJ/V-ed

Some people give higher priced gifts than necessary for the situation. 有些人给了比情况所必要来得更高价的礼物。

I did more work than required. 我做了比所被要求的来得更多的工作。 We were given more money than necessary for the project. 我们被给了比计划所要求来得更多的钱。 6. It is better to V1 than V2

It is better to laugh than （to） weep. 笑比哭好。

It is more comfortable to lie on a lawn than （to） sit in the office. 躺在草坪上比坐在办公室里舒服。

It is harder to teach than （to） study. 教书比读书辛苦。

7. make …… more …… of ……

Darkness would make him more appreciative of sight. 黑暗会使他更加珍惜视力。 Their sudden attack made us more aware of the danger around us. 他们突然的攻击使我们更加注意我们周围的危险。 Your encouragement made me more confident of my future. 你的鼓励使我对我的未来更加有信心。

8. …… as …… as …… can be

His failure is as plain as plain can be. 他的失败是再明白不过了。 He is as handsome as （handsome） can be. 他潇洒极了。 She is as kind as can be. 她极为和颜悦色。

Mary is as hardworking as can be. 玛丽在班上之用功不输任何人。 He may not be so clever as Peter， but he is as industrious as can be. 他也许不如彼得聪明，但却用功极了。

9. as …… as ever

He seems to be as busy as ever. 他似乎和往常一样忙碌。

He works as hard as ever. 他和往常一样努力工作。

She was as beautiful as ever after so many years. 过了那么多年，她美丽如故。 10. …… times as …… as ……

I am twice as old as he. 我的年纪是他的两倍。

She studies three times as hard as I. 她用功的程度是我的三倍。 He earns twice as much as he used to. 他比往常多赚二倍的钱。

She spent half as much money as you. 她花掉的钱只有你花掉的一半。

11. …… times the/my N ………

It was over twice the distance of the earth from the sun. 那是地球到太阳的距离的两倍多。 Line A is four times the length of line B. 线条 A 是线条 B 的四倍长。 I have five times the number of Tom's books. 我有五倍于汤姆的书。 He has three times my money. 他的钱是我的三倍。

He has more than three times my money. 他的钱是我的三倍还不止。 12. more than …… as …… as

He is more than three times as rich as I. （=He is three times richer than I.） 他的财富是我的三倍还不止。

He studies more than three times as hard as I. 他用功的程度是我的三倍还不止。 I am more than twice as old as he. 我的年龄是他的两倍还不止。 He has collected more than three times as many stamps as I （have）。 他搜集的邮票是我的三倍还不止。

13. …… times ……er than ……

We now know that X-ray waves are 2，000 to 10，000 times shorter than light waves. 我们现在知道X光波比光波短二千到一万倍。

This street is four times shorter than that one. 这条街道比那条短四倍。 The mother elephant is one hundred times heavier than the baby elephant. 这只母象比小象重一百倍。

It is ten times louder than another. 它比另外一个的声音大十倍。

This street is three times wider than that one. 这条街比那条街宽三倍。

I am twice older than he. 我的年纪比他大两倍。

14. not so adj. as adj.

She is not so beautiful as charming. （=She is charming rather than beautiful.） 与其说她美倒不如说她迷人。

He is not so clever as diligent. 与其说他聪明倒不如说他勤奋。 She is not so kind as simple. 与其说她善良不如说她单纯。

15. not so much + N as + N

He is not so much a writer as a scholar. 与其说他是作家倒不如说他是学者。 He is not so much a genius as a hard worker. 他的努力胜于天份。

The Apollo program was not so much a scientific achievement as a technical accomplishment. 一项科学成果，不如说是一项技术成就。 16. not so much …… as ……

Happiness hinges not so much on wealth as on health. 快乐与其说在于财富倒不如说在于健康。

One's greatness lies not so much in his wealth as in his character.

一个人的伟大与其说是由他的财富来判断，倒不如说是由他的品德来判断。 Success lies not so much as in luck as in hard work. 与其说成功在于运气不如说是辛勤努力。

阿波罗计划与其说是

17. as/so …… as ……

He is as handsome as his brother （is）。 他和他哥哥一样英俊。

Judy goes to the movies as often as Sara does. 朱迪像莎拉一样时常去看电影。 Old John goes to sleep as easily as a baby does. 老约翰像婴儿一样容易入睡。

The girls are as busy with their work as bees. 这些女孩子就跟蜜蜂一样忙着工作。 18. as many／much＋名词„

He was tired enough to make ten errors in as many （=in ten） pages. 他疲倦得十页中犯了十个错误。

Mike read five books in as many （=in five） months. 麦克在五个月内看了五本书。 I didn't expect that he should have committed three robberies in as many days. 没想到（老实的）他居然在三天内犯了三次抢劫罪。

19. as many/much as ……

She has as many as seven sisters. 她的姊妹有七人之多。

As many as 100 people were killed in the air crash. 这次空难中多达一百人丧生。 I gave the beggar as much as 1，000 yen. 我给了这乞丐整整一千元。

Building costs ran up to as much as NT$ 20 million. 建筑费用涨到高达新台币两千万。 20. A is as much + N + as B is

Comets are just as much members of the sun's family as （are） the other planets. 彗星和其它的行星同样是太阳家族的成员。

To eat too much is as much a bad thing as to eat nothing.吃太多和什么都不吃同样是坏事。 He is as much a member of the orchestra as Tom. 他和汤姆同样是管弦乐队的成员。 21. not as/so + ADJ/ADV + as + N

It is not as （so） popular as other foods. 它不像其它食物那样受欢迎。 He does not study as （so） hard as John. 他不像约翰那样用功。 I am not as （so） careful as Tom. 我不像汤姆那样细心。