主旨大意题专练(三)——段落大意类
A
[2019·济南高三模拟] Can I talk about salary at work? In a word：yes. As the HR company Insperity put it in a recent blog post: Can your employees discuss their salaries or wages with their coworkers? Yes. Even if you have a company policy against it? Yes.
The freedom to discuss your salary at work is a protected right under the labor law. The National Labor Relations Act of 1935 protects your right to discuss the conditions of your employment, including issues related to safety and pay, even when you're not protected by a union.
Talking about salary with colleagues can be uncomfortable, since there's such a taboo about discussing money matters, but it's an important step towards achieving equal pay for equal work. One barrier, however, stems from how we think of our own financial worth. Too many people I talk to wrongly consider their salary a reflection of their worthiness, a statement about their skills, experience, or value. At the end of the day, if we can all separate our selfworth from our salaries a bit more, it'll become easier to talk frankly with our colleagues.
Asking about money outright can be tough, so one trick I've picked up along the way is to ask for your colleagues to confirm or deny. For instance, you might volunteer your salary first and ask “Does that sound right to you？” by way of comparison. Or, let's say you're interviewing for a promotion to become a manager. You might ask a fellow manager about the kind of salary you should expect by saying, “I'm seeing salaries for this kind of position ranging from $65,000 to $70,000 — does that seem accurate to you？” This way, even if your colleague isn't comfortable sharing their salary outright, they can help you identify if your expectations are appropriate.
体裁：议论文 题材：社会生活 主题：谈论薪金
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文，讨论了是否可以在工作中谈论薪金的问题。 【熟词生义】 volunteer 常用义：n.志愿者，义务工作者
例句：Schools need volunteers to help children to read.学校需要义务工作者帮助儿童阅读。
本句义：v.主动说出(某事)
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例句：Michael volunteered the information before I had a chance to ask. 我还没来得及问，迈克尔就主动提供了信息。
【难句分析】 Talking about salary with colleagues can be uncomfortable, since there's such a taboo about discussing money matters, but it's an important step towards achieving equal pay for equal work.
分析：本句是一个复合句。“Talking about salary with colleagues”是动名词短语作第一个分句的主语；since引导原因状语从句。
译文：和同事谈论薪金会让人不舒服，因为谈论钱的事情是一个禁忌，但是这是朝着实现同工同酬目标迈进的重要一步。
1．What makes coworkers uncomfortable to talk about salaries? A．The safety issue. B．The labor law.
C．The wrong idea about salaries. D．The reflection of their worthiness.
答案与解析：C 考查推理判断。根据第三段第二句“One barrier, however, stems from how we think of our own financial worth”和对第三段的整体理解可推知，对薪金的错误看法导致同事间谈论薪金时感到不舒服，故选C项。
2．What does “taboo” underlined in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．A prohibited practice. B．A firm belief. C．A general agreement. D．A social custom.
答案与解析：A 考查词义猜测。根据第三段第一句中的“Talking about salary with colleagues can be uncomfortable”可知，和同事谈薪金让人不舒服，并结合常识可推知，谈论钱的事情是一个禁忌，故选A项。
3．What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 4? A．One of my interview experiences. B．My way of asking about money. C．The method of raising questions. D．An example of getting promoted.
答案与解析：B 考查段落大意。根据语境可知，第四段第一句“Asking about money outright can be tough, so one trick I've picked up along the way is to ask for your colleagues to confirm or deny”点出了本段要谈论的主题，并结合对本段的整体理解可推知，本段主要讲的是询问关于薪金的事情的方法，故选B项。
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4．What can be the best title for the text? A．How to Discuss Salaries at Work B．Ways of Talking about Salaries C．Do Salaries Stand for Selfworth? D．Can Salaries be Talked about at Work?
答案与解析：D 考查标题归纳。本文第一段第一句“Can I talk about salary at work？”点出了要谈论的话题，并结合对全文的整体理解可推知，本文主要讨论了是否可以在工作中谈论薪金的问题，故选D项。
B
[2019·石家庄高中毕业班教学质量检测] At the age of seven, while his friends were spending their allowance on things like candy and toys, Jose Adolfo Quisocola was busy saving money for basic purchases. To try to get his peers (同龄人) to do the same, the boy from Peru came up with the idea of an ecobank, the Bartselana Student Bank, which allows kids of all ages to become financially independent while also helping the environment.
Set up in 2012, the bank is the world's first bank for kids. To become a member, a kid has to bring in at least 5 kilograms of solid waste and set a savings goal. Once accepted, all bank “partners” are required to deposit at least one additional kilogram of recyclables on a monthly basis and observe other requirements, such as attending financial education and environmental management workshops.
The waste accumulated is sold to local recycling companies, which, thanks to Jose's efforts, pay a higherthanmarket rate for everything brought in by the bank members. The money received is placed in the personal account where they collect until the savings goal is reached. The account holder can then withdraw the money, or choose to leave it and make it continue to grow for a bigger target. “At the beginning, my teachers thought I was crazy or that a child could not undertake this type of project，” Jose recalls. “They did not understand that we are not the future of the country but its present. Luckily, I had the support of the school headmaster and an assistant in my class.”
The boy's efforts paid off, and by 2013, the bank had over 200 members, who brought in one ton of recyclable waste. Today, the ecobank, which now has the support of several local institutions, boasts ten educational centers. They are designed to teach over 3,000 students, aged 10 to 18, to become financially independent, use their money wisely, and help the environment.
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Not surprisingly, Jose's efforts have earned him several national and international awards. On November 20, 2018, Jose won Children's Climate Prize, which comes with a medal and $5,500 in prize money and is given to a child or youth who has accomplished an extraordinary achievement for the climate or environment.
体裁：记叙文 题材：社会生活 主题：生态银行
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。当其他的孩子把零花钱花在糖果和玩具上时，七岁的Jose却想着如何储蓄。在校长的支持下，他成立了学生生态银行，让学生带废品开户，之后将废品销售给收购商。该银行受到了孩子们的欢迎。
【难句分析】 To try to get his peers (同龄人) to do the same, the boy from Peru came up with the idea of an ecobank, the Bartselana Student Bank, which allows kids of all ages to become financially independent while also helping the environment.
分析：该句为主从复合句。句中“which allows kids of all ages to become financially independent while also helping the environment”为which引导的非限制定语从句，which指代先行词the Bartselana Student Bank，在从句中作主语；句中动词不定式短语“To try to get his peers (同龄人) to do the same”作目的状语。
译文：为了让他的同龄人也这么做，这个来自秘鲁的男孩想出了一个生态银行——Bartselana学生银行的点子，这个点子能让各个年龄段的孩子变得经济独立，同时也有助于环境保护。
5．Why did Jose set up the bank?
A．To raise money and set up a recycling company. B．To buy necessities and donate them to needy kids. C．To save much money and protect the environment. D．To educate the students and help them win prizes.
答案与解析：C 考查细节理解。根据第一段第二句“To try to get his peers (同龄人) to do the same, the boy from Peru came up with the idea of an ecobank, the Bartselana Student Bank, which allows kids of all ages to become financially independent while also helping the environment”可知，为了让他的同龄人也这么做，这个来自秘鲁的男孩想出了一个生态银行的点子，这个点子能让各个年龄段的孩子变得经济独立，同时也有助于环境保护。据此可知，Jose创立生态银行旨在储蓄的同时保护环境，故C项正确。
6．How can a kid be admitted to the ecobank? A．By donating to the ecobank.
B．By turning in one kilogram of waste in a month. C．By sending in an application.
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D．By presenting a savings goal and a certain amount of waste.
答案与解析：D 考查细节理解。根据第二段第二句“To become a member, a kid has to bring in at least 5 kilograms of solid waste and set a savings goal”可知，若要成为生态银行的一员，一个孩子必须至少交5千克的固体垃圾，并设定一个储蓄目标，故选D项。
7．How did the teachers feel about Jose's program? A．Doubtful. B．Excited. C．Moved. D．Worried.
答案与解析：A 考查推理判断。根据第三段第四句中的“At the beginning, my teachers thought I was crazy or that a child could not undertake this type of project”可知，开始时老师们认为Jose疯了，认为一个孩子不能承担这种类型的项目。据此可推知，老师们对Jose的项目持怀疑态度，故选A项。
8．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．How the environment is improved. B．What the project has achieved. C．How tons of waste has been recycled. D．What support the local institutions get.
答案与解析：B 考查段落大意。根据第四段的第一句“The boy's efforts paid off, and by 2013, the bank had over 200 members, who brought in one ton of recyclable waste”可知，Jose的努力得到了回报，到2013年，该银行已有200多名成员，他们带来了一吨可回收垃圾，并结合该段其他内容可知，该段主要介绍了生态银行的成就，故选B项。
C
[2019·贵阳市期末监测]Recently, my husband and three kids were playing in Mediterranean (地中海), swimming and floating in the pictureperfect sea. It was ridiculously beautiful in Majorca, Spain. The way the sun danced across the water and how the blue horizon was dotted with storybook sailboats were such beautiful scenes.
My husband and I always dreamed about taking our kids on a trip around the world. It was one of the things we talked at length about. When we imagined our life with the children, we hoped we would have.
Fourteen years later, we had three boys who were growing up faster by the day. It was time to make_good_on those plans. We renewed our passports, and then packed our bags. We showed our kids the world. It was about experiencing the dozens of flights and trains and taxis together. We showed them how wonderful, how diverse,
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and how fascinating the world is. We wanted them to learn all that we had learned ourselves, through our own travels.
But there was something more than that: What we really wanted is to slow down time. We wanted the days to last a bit longer, and the weeks to take their time. The years with our children are going too fast. We wanted to put the brakes on our busy lives for a year, and just be with our kids. We wanted a break from the daily morning routine of making lunches, eating breakfast and going out the door in time for school. We needed family time out.
It was the wonderful two months in Europe, full of incredible moments. When we look back at our lives, I know we'll be glad we did it. I know we'll be happy that this is a chapter of the story of our family.
体裁：记叙文 题材：生活经历 主题：和孩子们一起去旅游
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。丈夫和“我”很早就梦想着带孩子们一起去旅游，享受美景和家人陪伴的时光。十四年后，我们实现了梦想。
【难句分析】 The way the sun danced across the water and how the blue horizon was dotted with storybook sailboats were such beautiful scenes.
分析：该句为主从复合句。句中“the sun danced across the water”为省略了that的定语从句，修饰先行词“The way”；“how the blue horizon was dotted with storybook sailboats”为主语从句，how在从句中作方式状语。
译文：太阳在水面上起舞，蓝色的地平线上布满了童话书中的帆船，这些景色是如此的美丽。
9．What did the couple often dream of fourteen years ago? A．Going to Mediterranean. B．Travelling with their children. C．Some storybook sailboats. D．Their children's growing fast.
答案与解析：B 考查推理判断。根据第二段第一句“My husband and I always dreamed about taking our kids on a trip around the world”可推知，14年前，“我”和丈夫梦想着带孩子们环游世界，故B项正确。
10．What does the underlined part “make good on” probably mean?
A．Do good to. B．Carry out. C．Make up. D．Put off.
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答案与解析：B 考查词义猜测。根据上文可知，“我”和丈夫梦想着带孩子们环游世界，结合第三段第二句“It was time to make good on those plans”可推知，是实行这些计划的时候了。故画线部分意为“实行”，故选B项。
11．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?
A．The travel. B．The children. C．The transportation. D．The diverse world.
答案与解析：A 考查段落大意。根据第三段的内容可知，该段主要介绍了实行旅游计划，和三个孩子一起去旅游的情况，故选A项。
12．What was the most important in the writer's eyes? A．Doing everything slowly. B．Living a busy life. C．Sticking to the routine. D．Slowing down the time.
答案与解析：D 考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“But there was something more than that: What we really wanted is to slow down time”可知，作者最希望的是时间能慢下来，故选D项。
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