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Oracle dataguard 和Oracle rac的区别和联系

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2.生成standby端的oracle 参数文件，这一步参数里面的内容及其重要，必须写正确，特别是rac和dg的参数，目前我的rac有三个磁盘组

[grid@suq2 ~]$ asmcmd lsdg
State Type Rebal Sector Block AU Total_MB Free_MB Req_mir_free_MB Usable_file_MB Offline_disks Voting_files Name
MOUNTED EXTERN N  512 4096 1048576 3435 3329  0  3329  0  N BACKUP/
MOUNTED EXTERN N  512 4096 1048576 4305 1988  0  1988  0  N DATADG/
MOUNTED EXTERN N  512 4096 1048576 1458 1058  0  1058  0  Y SYSTEMDG/

下面是我写好的一个参数文件：

suq.__db_cache_size=335544320
suq.__java_pool_size=4194304
suq.__large_pool_size=4194304
suq.__oracle_base='/u01/app'
suq.__pga_aggregate_target=335544320
suq.__sga_target=5033180
suq.__shared_io_pool_size=0
suq.__shared_pool_size=1468000
suq.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/suq'
*.audit_trail='none'
*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'
*.control_files='+DATADG/suq/control.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='suq'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='+BACKUP'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=5218762752
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.memory_target=838860800
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
#### rac parameter 
suq1.local_listener='(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.56.111)(PORT=1521))'
suq2.local_listener='(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.56.113)(PORT=1521))'
suq1.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
suq2.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS2'
suq1.remote_listener='suq-cluster-scan:1521'
suq2.remote_listener='suq-cluster-scan:1521'
suq1.instance_name=suq1
suq2.instance_name=suq2
suq1.instance_number=1
suq2.instance_number=2
*.cluster_database=true
*.cluster_database_instances=2
*.db_create_file_dest='+DATADG'
*.db_create_online_log_dest_1='+DATADG'
suq1.thread=1
suq2.thread=2
### dg parameter 
*.db_unique_name=suq1
*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(suq,suq1)'
*.standby_file_management='AUTO'
*.db_file_name_convert='/opt/oracle/oradata/suq','+DATADG/suq/datafile'
*.log_file_name_convert='/opt/oracle/oradata/suq','+DATADG/suq/datafile'
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=+datadg/suq/archivelog valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=suq1'
*.log_archive_dest_2='service=primary lgwr async valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=suq'
*.fal_server=primary
*.fal_client=standby


注意：suq1、suq2的local_listener和remote_listener必须配置正确，否则打开库之后scan ip可能失效


3.配置主库的dg参数：

alter system set log_archive_config='dg_config=(suq,suq1)' scope=both; 

alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=/opt/arch valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=suq' scope=both;

alter system set log_archive_dest_2='service=standby lgwr async valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=suq1' scope=both;

alter system set fal_server=suq1 scope=both;

alter system set fal_client=suq scope=both;


4.在保证所有需要的目录都已经创建完成的情况下，将备库启动到nomount，并且测试tnsnames的连通性：

SQL>startup nomount pfile='/home/oracle/initsuq1.ora'
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 835104768 bytes
Fixed Size		 2257840 bytes
Variable Size		 553651280 bytes
Database Buffers	 272629760 bytes
Redo Buffers		 6565888 bytes
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@suq1 ~]$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 26-JUL-2015 21:27:45

Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias   LISTENER
Version   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date  26-JUL-2015 18:58:27
Uptime   0 days 2 hr. 29 min. 17 sec
Trace Level  off
Security   ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP   OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/11.2.0/grid/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File  /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/suq1/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
 (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=LISTENER)))
 (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.56.110)(PORT=1521)))
 (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.56.111)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "+ASM" has 1 instance(s).
 Instance "+ASM1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "suq1" has 1 instance(s).
 Instance "suq1", status BLOCKED, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully


[oracle@11g1 ~]$ sqlplus sys/manager@standby as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Sun Jul 26 21:48:08 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,
Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> exit

[oracle@suq1 ~]$ sqlplus sys/manager@primary as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Sun Jul 26 21:50:25 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> exit

5.使用duplicate 创建standby database：

[oracle@11g1 arch]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Sun Jul 26 22:28:11 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

connected to target database: SUQ (DBID=1469685490)

RMAN> connect auxiliary sys/manager@standby

connected to auxiliary database: SUQ (not mounted)

RMAN> duplicate target database for standby from active database; 

Starting Duplicate Db at 26-JUL-15
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=141 instance=suq1 device type=DISK

contents of Memory Script:
{
 backup as copy reuse
 targetfile '/opt/oracle/product/OraHome11204/dbs/orapwsuq' auxiliary format 
 '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapwsuq1' ;
}
executing Memory Script

Starting backup at 26-JUL-15
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=147 device type=DISK
Finished backup at 26-JUL-15

contents of Memory Script:
{
 backup as copy current controlfile for standby auxiliary format '+DATADG/suq/control.ctl';
}
executing Memory Script

Starting backup at 26-JUL-15
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
copying standby control file
output file name=/opt/oracle/product/OraHome11204/dbs/snapcf_suq.f tag=TAG20150726T222820 RECID=3 STAMP=886112900
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished backup at 26-JUL-15

contents of Memory Script:
{
 sql clone 'alter database mount standby database';
}
executing Memory Script

sql statement: alter database mount standby database

contents of Memory Script:
{
 set newname for tempfile 1 to 
 "+DATADG/suq/datafile/temp01.dbf";
 switch clone tempfile all;
 set newname for datafile 1 to 
 "+DATADG/suq/datafile/system01.dbf";
 set newname for datafile 2 to 
 "+DATADG/suq/datafile/sysaux01.dbf";
 set newname for datafile 3 to 
 "+DATADG/suq/datafile/undotbs01.dbf";
 set newname for datafile 4 to 
 "+DATADG/suq/datafile/users01.dbf";
 backup as copy reuse
 datafile 1 auxiliary format 
 "+DATADG/suq/datafile/system01.dbf" datafile 
 2 auxiliary format 
 "+DATADG/suq/datafile/sysaux01.dbf" datafile 
 3 auxiliary format 
 "+DATADG/suq/datafile/undotbs01.dbf" datafile 
 4 auxiliary format 
 "+DATADG/suq/datafile/users01.dbf" ;
 sql 'alter system archive log current';
}
executing Memory Script

executing command: SET NEWNAME

renamed tempfile 1 to +DATADG/suq/datafile/temp01.dbf in control file

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

Starting backup at 26-JUL-15
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00001 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/system01.dbf
output file name=+DATADG/suq/datafile/system01.dbf tag=TAG20150726T222829
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:45
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00002 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/sysaux01.dbf
output file name=+DATADG/suq/datafile/sysaux01.dbf tag=TAG20150726T222829
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:45
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00003 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/undotbs01.dbf
output file name=+DATADG/suq/datafile/undotbs01.dbf tag=TAG20150726T222829
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00004 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/users01.dbf
output file name=+DATADG/suq/datafile/users01.dbf tag=TAG20150726T222829
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 26-JUL-15

sql statement: alter system archive log current

contents of Memory Script:
{
 switch clone datafile all;
}
executing Memory Script

datafile 1 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=3 STAMP=886113015 file name=+DATADG/suq/datafile/system01.dbf
datafile 2 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=4 STAMP=886113015 file name=+DATADG/suq/datafile/sysaux01.dbf
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=5 STAMP=886113015 file name=+DATADG/suq/datafile/undotbs01.dbf
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=6 STAMP=886113015 file name=+DATADG/suq/datafile/users01.dbf
Finished Duplicate Db at 26-JUL-15

RMAN> exit


Recovery Manager complete.

6.standby开启实时应用：

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database cancel;

SQL> alter database open read only;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;

Database altered.

注意：我在做到这一步的时候一开始发现主库怎么也不向备库发送归档文件，也没有任何报错信息，搞了很长时间，后来将log_archive_dest_state_2重新设置为enable后就正常了。


7.switch over，将备库转换为主库，分别在主库我备库进行角色转换：

主库：

SQL> SELECT SWITCHOVER_STATUS FROM V$DATABASE;

SWITCHOVER_STATUS
--------------------
SESSIONS ACTIVE

注：当SWITCHOVER_STATUS的值为TO STANDBY or SESSIONS ACTIVE的时候表示主库可以支持SWITCHOVER.

SQL> ALTER DATABASE COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER TO PHYSICAL STANDBY WITH SESSION SHUTDOWN;

Database altered.



备库：

SQL> SELECT SWITCHOVER_STATUS FROM V$DATABASE;

SWITCHOVER_STATUS
--------------------
SESSIONS ACTIVE

注：只有SWITCHOVER_STATUS的值为TO PRIMARY or SESSIONS ACTIVE的状态时，表示备库当前支持switch over操作。

SQL> ALTER DATABASE COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER TO PRIMARY with session shutdown;

Database altered.

SQL> select status from v$instance;

STATUS
------------
MOUNTED

SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.


8.到这一步，rac的一个节点已经可以正常打开数据库了，但是节点2需要的redo，undo表空间都还没有，需要手工创建：

SQL> alter database add logfile thread 2 group 8 ('+DATADG/suq/datafile/redo08.log') size 50m;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database add logfile thread 2 group 9 ('+DATADG/suq/datafile/redo09.log') size 50m;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database add logfile thread 2 group 10 ('+DATADG/suq/datafile/redo10.log') size 50m;

Database altered.

SQL> create undo tablespace undotbs2 datafile '+DATADG/suq/datafile/undotbs02.dbf' size 20m;

Tablespace created.

SQL> alter database enable public thread 2; 

Database altered.


SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catclust.sql

Package created.


Package body created.


PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.


View created.


Synonym created.


Grant succeeded.


View created.


Grant succeeded.


Synonym created.


View created.


Grant succeeded.


Synonym created.


View created.


Grant succeeded.


Synonym created.


View created.


Grant succeeded.


Synonym created.


View created.


Grant succeeded.


Synonym created.


View created.


Grant succeeded.


Synonym created.


View created.


Grant succeeded.


Synonym created.


View created.


Grant succeeded.


View created.


Grant succeeded.


Synonym created.


Synonym created.


Synonym created.


Synonym created.


Synonym created.


Synonym created.


Synonym created.


Synonym created.


Synonym created.


Synonym created.


Synonym created.


Synonym created.


View created.


Grant succeeded.


Synonym created.


View created.


Grant succeeded.


Synonym created.


PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.


节点2打开数据库，测试数据库是否正常：

[oracle@suq2 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Mon Jul 27 09:54:00 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 835104768 bytes
Fixed Size		 2257840 bytes
Variable Size		 553651280 bytes
Database Buffers	 272629760 bytes
Redo Buffers		 6565888 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> 

SQL> select * from v$active_instances；

INST_NUMBER INST_NAME
----------- --------------------------------------------------
	 1 suq1:suq1


	 2 suq2:suq2
	 
SQL> select * from v$Log;

 GROUP# THREAD# SEQUENCE# BYTES BLOCKSIZE	 MEMBERS ARC STATUS	 FIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIM NEXT_CHANGE# NEXT_TIME
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --- ---------------- ------------- --------- ------------ ---------
	 1	 1	 35 52428800	 512		1 NO CURRENT		 288331 27-JUL-15	 2.8147E+14
	 2	 1	 33 52428800	 512		1 YES INACTIVE		 281944 27-JUL-15	 282047 27-JUL-15
	 3	 1	 34 52428800	 512		1 YES ACTIVE		 282047 27-JUL-15	 288331 27-JUL-15
	 8	 2	 4 52428800	 512		1 NO CURRENT		 288227 27-JUL-15	 2.8147E+14
	 9	 2	 2 52428800	 512		1 YES INACTIVE		 286810 27-JUL-15	 286815 27-JUL-15
	10	 2	 3 52428800	 512		1 YES ACTIVE		 286815 27-JUL-15	 288227 27-JUL-15

8.此时的数据库是可以正常打开使用了，一般还需将参数文件写到asm中，而且此时的数据库都是本地管理，并没有注册到grid中，还需要手工注册：

[grid@suq1 admin]$ srvctl config database
[grid@suq1 admin]$ 
[grid@suq1 admin]$ crsctl stat res -t
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NAME  TARGET STATE SERVER   STATE_DETAILS 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.BACKUP.dg
  ONLINE ONLINE suq1      
  ONLINE ONLINE suq2      
ora.DATADG.dg
  ONLINE ONLINE suq1      
  ONLINE ONLINE suq2      
ora.LISTENER.lsnr
  ONLINE ONLINE suq1      
  ONLINE ONLINE suq2      
ora.SYSTEMDG.dg
  ONLINE ONLINE suq1      
  ONLINE ONLINE suq2      
ora.asm
  ONLINE ONLINE suq1   Started  
  ONLINE ONLINE suq2   Started  
ora.gsd
  OFFLINE OFFLINE suq1      
  OFFLINE OFFLINE suq2      
ora.net1.network
  ONLINE ONLINE suq1      
  ONLINE ONLINE suq2      
ora.ons
  ONLINE ONLINE suq1      
  ONLINE ONLINE suq2      
ora.registry.acfs
  ONLINE ONLINE suq1      
  ONLINE ONLINE suq2      
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cluster Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr
 1 ONLINE ONLINE suq2      
ora.cvu
 1 ONLINE ONLINE suq2      
ora.oc4j
 1 ONLINE ONLINE suq2      
ora.scan1.vip
 1 ONLINE ONLINE suq2      
ora.suq1.vip
 1 ONLINE ONLINE suq1      
ora.suq2.vip
 1 ONLINE ONLINE suq2 
 
[oracle@suq1 ~]$ srvctl add database -d suq -o /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
[oracle@suq1 ~]$ srvctl config database
suq
[oracle@suq1 ~]$ srvctl add instance -d suq -n suq1 -i suq1
[oracle@suq1 ~]$ srvctl add instance -d suq -n suq2 -i suq2

SQL> create spfile='+datadg' from pfile;

File created.
[root@suq1 cssd]# srvctl modify database -d suq -p '+datadg/suq1/parameterfile/spfile.325.886161615' 


[oracle@suq1 dbs]$ srvctl config database -d suq -a
Database unique name: suq
Database name: 
Oracle home: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
Oracle user: oracle
Spfile: +datadg/suq1/parameterfile/spfile.325.886161615
Domain: 
Start options: open
Stop options: immediate
Database role: PRIMARY
Management policy: AUTOMATIC
Server pools: suq
Database instances: suq1,suq2
Disk Groups: 
Mount point paths: 
Services: 
Type: RAC
Database is enabled
Database is administrator managed

查看一下监听，有可能还需要修改services_name参数：

SQL> alter system set service_names=suq scope=both;

到此，单实例已经转换完成了rac数据库。可以重启一下机器，看看数据库能否自动启动，资源是否正常。

good luck！

版权声明：本文为博主原创文章，未经博主允许不得转载。

使用dataguard将单实例数据库转换为rac数据库

标签：dataguard   rac   数据库   oracle rac   

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区别：
1.作用：dataguard用于冗灾，提升安全可用性，不提升性能，rac用于集群，提升性能
2.实例：dataguard单实例单库，rac多实例单库
3.RAC仅针对实例，存储是两台主机共享的，DG是的两套系统，通过日志实现HA
联系：
都能提升高可用性，单节点失效，数据库不会停止服务。
oracle dataguard：Oracle数据库冗灾方案、提供数据保护，高可用性。
oracle rac：oracle集群，提供更强的数据处理能力。

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